ASTM D6198-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design
Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide assists users in design and development of packaging intended for the protection of goods while they are in transit from point of origin to final destination. By following all steps of this guide, users will be assured that the most important factors are included in package design. In some cases, the sequence of steps may be changed, and often the steps may occur simultaneously with concurrent work activities.
4.2 The design process focuses on protection from hazards of handling, storage, and shipping while recognizing the economics of all other facets of distribution, including packaging materials and labor, and transportation.
4.3 In transport packaging, distribution is generally defined as inclusion of handling, storage, and transportation factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers an approach to design of packaging for distributing goods through the hazards of handling, storage, and transportation.
1.2 The principal content of this guide is the identification of the key steps involved in development of transport packages, including shipping containers, interior protective packaging, and unit loads. It is recognized that actual usage and application to individual design projects may vary appreciably without diminishing the value of the process. Consult with a packaging professional whenever needed.
1.3 This guide is not intended for design of primary packaging unless the primary package is planned for use as a shipping container.
1.4 The user of this guide must be aware of the carrier rules regarding packaging for shipment via each mode of transportation in which the transport package may move, such as the National Motor Freight Classification (less-than truckload) and the Uniform Freight Classification (railroad). For hazardous materials packaging, the packaging must perform to the requirements of the applicable modal regulations listed in Section 2.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6198 − 18
Standard Guide for
1
Transport Packaging Design
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers an approach to design of packaging
D642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance
for distributing goods through the hazards of handling, storage,
of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit Loads
and transportation.
D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Contain-
1.2 The principal content of this guide is the identification
ers and Systems
of the key steps involved in development of transport
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
packages, including shipping containers, interior protective ments
packaging,andunitloads.Itisrecognizedthatactualusageand D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-
tainers
application to individual design projects may vary appreciably
D1974/D1974M Practice for Methods of Closing, Sealing,
without diminishing the value of the process. Consult with a
and Reinforcing Fiberboard Boxes
packaging professional whenever needed.
D3332 Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility of
1.3 This guide is not intended for design of primary pack-
Products, Using Shock Machines
aging unless the primary package is planned for use as a
D3580 Test Methods for Vibration (Vertical Linear Motion)
shipping container.
Test of Products
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact
1.4 The user of this guide must be aware of the carrier rules
Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
regarding packaging for shipment via each mode of transpor-
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
tation in which the transport package may move, such as the
tainers and Systems
National Motor Freight Classification (less-than truckload) and
D4728 Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Ship-
the Uniform Freight Classification (railroad). For hazardous
ping Containers
materials packaging, the packaging must perform to the re-
D4919 Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials (Danger-
quirements of the applicable modal regulations listed in Sec-
ous Goods) Packagings
tion 2.
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by
Free Fall
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5487 Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Contain-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ers by Shock Machines
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D5639/D5639M Practice for Selection of Corrugated Fiber-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
board Materials and Box Construction Based on Perfor-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mance Requirements
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
D6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D6179 Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D6344 Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Packages
D6537 Practice for Instrumented Package ShockTesting For
Determination of Package Performance
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD10onPackagingand
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers and
2
Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6198 – 12. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6198-18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6198 − 18
D6653/D6653M Test Methods for Determining the Effects 3.2.2 transport packaging—packaging for containment and
of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vac
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6198 − 12 D6198 − 18
Standard Guide for
1
Transport Packaging Design
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers an approach to design of packaging for distributing goods through the hazards of handling, storage, and
transportation.
1.2 The principal content of this guide is the identification of the key steps involved in development of transport packages,
including shipping containers, interior protective packaging, and unit loads. It is recognized that actual usage and application to
individual design projects may vary appreciably without diminishing the value of the process. Consult with a packaging
professional whenever needed.
1.3 This guide is not intended for design of primary packaging unless the primary package is planned for use as a shipping
container.
1.4 The user of this guide must be aware of the carrier rules regarding packaging for shipment via each mode of transportation
in which the transport package may move, such as the National Motor Freight Classification (less-than truckload) and the Uniform
Freight Classification (railroad). For hazardous materials packaging, the packaging must perform to the requirements of the
applicable modal regulations listed in Section 2.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit Loads
D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
D1974D1974/D1974M Practice for Methods of Closing, Sealing, and Reinforcing Fiberboard Boxes
D3332 Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility of Products, Using Shock Machines
D3580 Test Methods for Vibration (Vertical Linear Motion) Test of Products
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
D4728 Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
D4919 Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods) Packagings
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
D5487 Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines
D5639/D5639M Practice for Selection of Corrugated Fiberboard Materials and Box Construction Based on Performance
Requirements
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers and Systems
- Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012March 1, 2018. Published November 2012April 2018. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20072012
as D6198 – 07.D6198 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D6198-12.10.1520/D6198-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6198 − 18
D6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
D6179 Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
D6344 Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages
D6537 Practice for Instrumented Package Shock Testing
...
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