ASTM D6888-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Available Cyanide with Ligand Displacement and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Utilizing Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
Standard Test Method for Available Cyanide with Ligand Displacement and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Utilizing Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Cyanide and hydrogen cyanide are highly toxic. Regulations have been established to require the monitoring of cyanide in industrial and domestic wastes and surface waters.4
This test method is applicable for natural water, saline waters, and wastewater effluent.
The method may be used for process control in wastewater treatment facilities.
The spot test outlined in Test Methods D 2036, Annex A1 can be used to detect cyanide and thiocyanate in water or wastewater, and to approximate its concentration.
SCOPE
1.1 This method is used to determine the concentration of available inorganic cyanide in an aqueous wastewater or effluent. The method detects the cyanides that are free (HCN and CN-) and metal-cyanide complexes that are easily dissociated into free cyanide ions. The method does not detect the less toxic strong metal-cyanide complexes, cyanides that are not "amenable to chlorination."
1.2 Total cyanide can be determined for samples that have been distilled as described in Test Methods D 2036, Test Method A, Total Cyanides after Distillation. The cyanide complexes are dissociated and absorbed into the sodium hydroxide capture solution, which can be analyzed with this test method; therefore, ligand exchange reagents from sections 8.12 and 8.13 would not be required when determining total cyanide after distillation.
1.3 This procedure is applicable over a range of approximately 2 to 400 μg/L (parts per billion) available cyanide. Higher concentrations can be analyzed by dilution or lower injection volume.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Note 2 and Section 9.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D6888–04
Standard Test Method for
Available Cyanide with Ligand Displacement and Flow
Injection Analysis (FIA) Utilizing Gas Diffusion Separation
1
and Amperometric Detection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6888; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Applicable Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D 3370 PracticesforSamplingWaterfromClosedConduits
1.1 This method is used to determine the concentration of
D 3856 Guide for Good Laboratory Practices in Laborato-
available inorganic cyanide in an aqueous wastewater or
ries Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of Water
effluent. The method detects the cyanides that are free (HCN
-
D 4210 Practice for Intralaboratory Quality Control Proce-
and CN ) and metal-cyanide complexes that are easily disso-
3
dures and a Discussion on Reporting Low-Level Data
ciated into free cyanide ions. The method does not detect the
D 4375 Practice for Basic Statistics in Committee D19 on
less toxic strong metal-cyanide complexes, cyanides that are
Water
not “amenable to chlorination.”
D 5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
1.2 Total cyanide can be determined for samples that have
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
been distilled as described in Test Methods D 2036, Test
D 6696 Guide for Understanding Cyanide Species
Method A, Total Cyanides after Distillation. The cyanide
E 60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
complexes are dissociated and absorbed into the sodium
Materials by Molecular Absorption Spectrometry
hydroxide capture solution, which can be analyzed with this
E 275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
test method; therefore, ligand exchange reagents from sections
of Ultraviolet, Visible, and Near Infrared Spectrophotom-
8.12 and 8.13 would not be required when determining total
eters
cyanide after distillation.
E 1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.3 This procedure is applicable over a range of approxi-
Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
mately 2 to 400 µg/L (parts per billion) available cyanide.
Higher concentrations can be analyzed by dilution or lower
3. Terminology
injection volume.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method, refer to Terminology D 1129 and Guide D 6696.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 available cyanide—Inorganic cyanides that are free
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
-
(HCN and CN ) and metal-cyanide complexes that are easily
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
dissociated into free cyanide ions. Available cyanide does not
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
include the less toxic strong metal-cyanide complexes, cya-
statements are given in Note 2 and Section 9.
nides that are not “amenable to chlorination.”
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Complex cyanides bound with nickel or mercury are
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
released by ligand displacement by the addition of a ligand
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
displacement agent prior to analysis.
D 2036 Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
4.2 Other weak and dissociable cyanide species do not
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
require ligand displacement.
4.3 The treated sample is introduced into a flow injection
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analysis (FIA) system where it is acidified to form hydrogen
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.06onMethodsforAnalysisfor
cyanide (HCN). The hydrogen cyanide gas diffuses through a
Organic Substances in Water.
hydrophobic gas diffusion membrane, from the acidic donor
Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
stream into an alkaline acceptor stream.
approved in 2003. Last previous addition approved in 2003 as D 6888 — 03.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
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the ASTM website. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D6888–04
FIG. 1 Flow Injection Analysis Apparatus 1
4.4 The captured cyanide is sent to an amperometric flow- 6.3 Refer to
...
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