ASTM E1912-98(2004)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Accelerated Site Characterization for Confirmed or Suspected Petroleum Releases (Withdrawn 2013)
Standard Guide for Accelerated Site Characterization for Confirmed or Suspected Petroleum Releases (Withdrawn 2013)
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers a process to rapidly and accurately characterize a confirmed or suspected petroleum release site. This guide is intended to provide a framework for responsible parties, contractors, consultants, and regulators to streamline and accelerate the site characterization process or supplement incomplete characterization data. The accelerated site characterization (ASC) approach may be incorporated in state and local regulations as a cost-effective method of making informed corrective action decisions sooner.
1.2 This guide describes a process for collecting site characterization information in one mobilization, using rapid sampling techniques; field analytical methods; and on-site interpretation and iteration of field data to refine the conceptual model for understanding site conditions as the characterization proceeds. This information can be used to determine the need for interim remedial actions; site classification or prioritization, or both; further corrective actions; and active remediation. The process outlined in this guide can be incorporated into existing corrective action programs, and is organized to be used in conjunction with Guides E 1599 and E 1739.
1.3 For guidance concerning contractor health and safety issues, appropriate federal, state, and local regulations (for example, Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and industry standards should be consulted. For sampling quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) practices, see references in Section . Considerations for field analytical method quality assurance/quality control are discussed in Section 5.
1.4 This guide is organized as follows:
1.4.1 Section 1 describes the scope,
1.4.2 Section 2 lists Referenced Documents,
1.4.3 Section 3 defines Terminology,
1.4.4 Section 4 identifies the Significance and Use,
1.4.5 Section 5 describes the Accelerated Site Characterization Process,
1.4.6 Appendix X1 identifies Additional Referenced Documents,
1.4.7 Appendix X2 provides an Example of a Data Quality Classification System,
1.4.8 Appendix X3 contains a list of physical and chemical properties and hydrogeologic characteristics applicable to site characterizations, and a list of input parameters and methodologies for ASTM RBCA Tier 1 and Tier 2 evaluations, and
1.4.9 Appendix X4 contains a case study example of the ASC process, including a RBCA Tier 1 and Tier 2 evaluation.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide covers a process to rapidly and accurately characterize a confirmed or suspected petroleum release site. This guide is intended to provide a framework for responsible parties, contractors, consultants, and regulators to streamline and accelerate the site characterization process or supplement incomplete characterization data. The accelerated site characterization (ASC) approach may be incorporated in state and local regulations as a cost-effective method of making informed corrective action decisions sooner.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action, this guide was withdrawn in June 2013 in accordance with section 10.6.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:E1912 −98(Reapproved2004)
Standard Guide for
Accelerated Site Characterization for Confirmed or
Suspected Petroleum Releases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1912; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4.6 Appendix X1 identifies Additional Referenced
Documents,
1.1 This guide covers a process to rapidly and accurately
1.4.7 Appendix X2 provides an Example of a Data Quality
characterize a confirmed or suspected petroleum release site.
Classification System,
This guide is intended to provide a framework for responsible
1.4.8 Appendix X3 contains a list of physical and chemical
parties, contractors, consultants, and regulators to streamline
properties and hydrogeologic characteristics applicable to site
and accelerate the site characterization process or supplement
characterizations, and a list of input parameters and method-
incomplete characterization data. The accelerated site charac-
ologies for ASTM RBCA Tier 1 and Tier 2 evaluations, and
terization (ASC) approach may be incorporated in state and
1.4.9 Appendix X4 contains a case study example of the
local regulations as a cost-effective method of making in-
ASC process, including a RBCATier 1 and Tier 2 evaluation.
formed corrective action decisions sooner.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
1.2 This guide describes a process for collecting site char-
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
acterization information in one mobilization, using rapid sam-
information only.
pling techniques; field analytical methods; and on-site inter-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pretation and iteration of field data to refine the conceptual
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
model for understanding site conditions as the characterization
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
proceeds. This information can be used to determine the need
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
forinterimremedialactions;siteclassificationorprioritization,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or both; further corrective actions; and active remediation.The
process outlined in this guide can be incorporated into existing
2. Referenced Documents
corrective action programs, and is organized to be used in
conjunction with Guides E1599 and E1739.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5730Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental
1.3 For guidance concerning contractor health and safety
Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone
issues, appropriate federal, state, and local regulations (for
and Ground Water
example, Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration) and
E1599Guide for Corrective Action for Petroleum Releases
industry standards should be consulted. For sampling quality
(Withdrawn 2002)
assurance/quality control (QA/QC) practices, see references in
E1689Guide for Developing Conceptual Site Models for
Section 2. Considerations for field analytical method quality
Contaminated Sites
assurance/quality control are discussed in Section 5.
E1739Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action Applied at
1.4 This guide is organized as follows:
Petroleum Release Sites
1.4.1 Section 1 describes the scope,
2.2 EPA Documents:
1.4.2 Section 2 lists Referenced Documents,
USEPASW846,RecommendedAnalytical Procedures,Test
1.4.3 Section 3 defines Terminology,
Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste-Physical/Chemical
1.4.4 Section 4 identifies the Significance and Use,
Methods
1.4.5 Section 5 describes theAccelerated Site Characteriza-
tion Process,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil- the ASTM website.
ity of Subcommittee E50.04 on Corrective Action. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2004.PublishedJune2004.Originallyapproved www.astm.org.
in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E1912–98. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
E1912-98R04. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1912−98(2004)
USEPA,Draft Field Methods Compendium, OER 9285.2- negative) response to below parts per billion (sub-ppb) quan-
11 titation. Accuracy and precision of data from these methods
USEPA, Subsurface Characterization and Monitoring Tech- depends on the method detection limits and QA/QC proce-
niques: A Desk Reference Guide-Vols I and II, EPA dures.
625/R-93/003a and b
3.1.9 field-generated analytical data—information gener-
USEPA,DescriptionandSamplingofContaminatedSoils:A
ated on site soon after sample acquisition that is used to direct
Field Pocket Guide, EPA 625/12-91/002
the site characterization process. These data include: concen-
USEPA,Environmental Investigations Standard Operating
trations of chemical(s) of concern in air; soil; soil vapor or
Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual, May 1996,
ground water, or both; and hydrogeologic conditions.
USEPA Region
3.1.10 indicator compounds—compounds in ground water,
USEPA,Expedited Site Assessment Tools for UST Sites: A
soil, or air, specific to the petroleum product released, used to
Guide for Regulators, EPA 510-B-97-001
confirm the existence of the petroleum product, define the
3. Terminology
distribution of the chemical(s) of concern, define the target
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: levels,monitorprogressoftheremedialaction,andidentifythe
termination point of the remedial action.
3.1.1 accelerated site characterization (ASC)— a process
for collecting and evaluating information pertaining to site
3.1.11 interim remedial action—the course of action to
geology/hydrogeology, nature and distribution of the chemi-
mitigate fire and safety hazards and to prevent further migra-
cal(s) of concern, source areas, potential exposure pathways
tion of hydrocarbons in their vapor, dissolved, or liquid phase.
and points of exposure in one mobilization. TheASC employs
3.1.12 mobilization—the movement of equipment and per-
rapid sampling techniques, on-site chemical analysis and
sonnel to the site, to prepare for, collect, and evaluate site
hydrogeological evaluation, and field decision making to
characterization data. These activities, when conducted as one
provideacomprehensive“snap-shot”ofsubsurfaceconditions.
continuous event (from one day to several weeks), are referred
3.1.2 active remediation—actions taken to reduce the con-
to as a single mobilization. Activities that are not conducted
centrations of chemical(s) of concern. Active remediation
continuously are referred to as multiple-site mobilizations.
could be implemented when the no further action and passive
remediation courses of action are not appropriate.
3.1.13 on-site manager—anindividualwhoisonsiteandis
3.1.3 chemical(s) of concern—specific constituents that are responsible for directing field activities and decision-making
duringthesitecharacterization.Theon-sitemanagershouldbe
identified for evaluation in the site characterization process.
familiar with the purpose of the site characterization, pertinent
3.1.4 conceptual model—a summary of information that is
existing data, and the data collection and analysis program.
knownaboutasite.Availablesiteinformationiscompiledonto
When conducting an ASC, it is necessary for the on-site
oneormoresimplegraphicstodevelopanunderstandingofthe
manager to also be the principal investigator, developing and
site conditions. The conceptual model is not an analytical or
refining the conceptual model of site conditions. This indi-
numerical computer model, but may utilize these tools in
vidual must have the necessary experience and background to
developing a conceptual understanding of site conditions.
perform the required site characterization activities and to
3.1.5 corrective action—activities performed in response to
accurately interpret the results and direct the investigation. For
asuspectedorconfirmedrelease,whichincludeoneormoreof
the purposes of this guide, sufficient qualification criteria for
the following: site characterization, interim remedial action,
the on-site manager includes knowledge and experience in the
remedial action, operation and maintenance of equipment,
following areas:
monitoring of progress, monitoring of natural attenuation, and
3.1.13.1 Soil and ground water sampling and analytical
termination of remedial action.
methods to be used at the site;
3.1.6 exposure pathway—the course a chemical(s) of con-
3.1.13.2 Fate and transport of petroleum hydrocarbons in
cern takes from the source area(s) to an exposed organism.An
the subsurface;
exposure pathway describes a unique mechanism by which an
3.1.13.3 Local geology/hydrogeology;
individualorpopulationisexposedtoachemical(s)ofconcern
originating from a site. Each exposure pathway includes a 3.1.13.4 Localregulationsandordinances,includingknowl-
source or release from a source, a point of exposure, and an edge of state-specific certification requirements;
exposure route. If the exposure point differs from the source, a
3.1.13.5 Personal health and safety requirements; and
transport/exposure medium (for example, air) or media also is
3.1.13.6 Evaluation and interpretation of site characteriza-
included.
tion results.
3.1.7 facility—the property containing the source of the
3.1.14 petroleum—including crude oil or any fraction
chemical(s) of concern where a release has occurred.
thereof that is liquid at standard conditions of temperature and
3.1.8 field analytical methods—methods or techniques that pressure (60°F (16°C) at 14.7 psia). The term includes
measure physical properties or chemical presence in soil, soil petroleum-based substances comprised of a complex blend of
vapor, and ground water immediately or within a relatively hydrocarbons derived from crude oil through processes of
short period of time to be used during a site characterization. separation,conversion,upgrading,andfinishing,suchasmotor
Measurement capabilities range from qualitative (positive/ fuels, jet oils, lubricants, petroleum solvents, and used oils.
E1912−98(2004)
3.1.15 point(s) of exposure—the point(s) at which an indi- 4.2.1 Immediateidentificationofpotentialriskstohumanor
vidualorpopulationmaycomeincontactwithachemical(s)of environmental receptors or potential liabilities, or both;
concern originating from a site.
4.2.2 Rapid determination of the need for interim remedial
actions, site classification, and prioritization;
3.1.16 quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)— the use
4.2.3 Rapid sample collection and analysis, near contempo-
of standards and procedures to ensure that samples collected
raneous analytical results, and maximum data comparability;
and data generated are reliable, reproducible, and verifiable.
4.2.4 Optimization of sample point locations and analytical
3.1.17 rapidsamplingtools—equipmentandtechniquesthat
methods;
allow personnel to collect samples from different media, in a
4.2.5 Greaternumberofdatapointsforresourcesexpended;
relatively short period of time, for on-site chemical analysis
4.2.6 Near immediate data availability for accelerating cor-
and hydrogeologic evaluation within the same mobilization.
rective action decisions; and
3.1.18 receptors—persons, structures, utilities, surface wa-
4.2.7 Collectionofverticalandhorizontaldata,allowingfor
ters, and water supply wells that are or may be adversely
three-dimensionaldelineationofchemical(s)ofconcerninsoil,
affected by a release.
soil vapor, or ground water.
3.1.19 regulatory agency—any state or local program re-
4.3 TheASC process described in this guide is intended for
sponsible for overseeing underground storage tank (or other
use in situations where the potential exists that petroleum has
petroleum/hazardous material source) site characterization and
been released. The same principles may be applicable to other
corrective action.
indicator compounds or chemical(s) of concern, and sources
3.1.20 release—any spilling, leaking, emitting, discharging,
(for example, chlorinated solvent releases). If theASC process
escaping, leaching, or disposing of petroleum products into
is used for chemical(s) of concern, other than petroleum, the
ground water, surface water, soils, or air.
usermustconsiderthephysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsof
3.1.21 remediation/remedial action—activitiesconductedto
the chemical(s) of concern and the media in which they are
protect human health, safety, and the environment. These
present to ensure that the sampling tools and analytical
activities include evaluating risk, making no-further-action
methods are capable of measuring and detecting the chemi-
determinations, monitoring, institutional controls, engineering
cal(s) of concern.
controls, and designing and operating cleanup systems.
4.4 A conventional site characterization approach most
3.1.22 site characterization—an evaluation of subsurface
often involves several mobilizations. Each mobilization typi-
geology/hydrogeology,andsurfacecharacteristicstodetermine
cally includes a predefined sampling and analysis plan, where
if a release has occurred, the levels of the chemical(s) of
analysis and interpretation of results are performed off-site
concern,andthedistributionofthechemical(s)ofconcern.The
after demobilization. A conventional site characterization can
data collected on soil, soil vapor and ground water, potential
provide high-quality data; however, multiple mobilizations
exposure pathways and location of receptors and point(s) of
often prolong the process required to adequately characterize
exposure is used to generate information to support remedial
subsurface conditions.
action decisions.
4.5 The ASC process requires an on-site manager to make
3.1.23 source area(s)—the location(s) of liquid hydrocar-
decisions to guide the characterization. Without an individual
bons or the zone(s) of highest soil or ground water concentra-
on site who is able to interpret data as it is generated, and is
tions, or both, of the chemical(s) of concern.
authorized to adjust sample locations or scope of the investi-
3.1.24 u
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