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ASTM D4981-95

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Screening of Oxidizers in Waste

Standard Test Method for Screening of Oxidizers in Waste

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use prior to preparation of waste samples for organic analysis. Waste samples that have oxidizing compounds may react with certain reagents in the laboratory (for example, organic solvents).
1.2 This test method is applicable to the analysis of waste liquids, sludges, and solids.
1.3 This test method can neither identify specific oxidizing compounds nor measure concentrations. Since no acid or base is added in this test method, potential oxidizers that require the presence of acid or base will not be detected by this test method.
1.4 It is recommended that, prior to this test, waste samples be screened for water compatibility; see Test Methods D5058.
1.5 This test method is designed and intended as a preliminary test to complement quantitative analytical techniques that may be used to determine the presence of oxidizers in wastes. This test method offers the ability to screen waste for potentially hazardous reactions due to oxidizer content when the more sophisticated techniques are not available or the total waste composition is unknown.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statement is given in Section 8 and 11.2.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1994
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.05 - Screening Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4981-95(2003) - Standard Test Method for Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003
Referred By
ASTM D5232-19 - Standard Practice for Determining the Stability and Miscibility of a Solid, Semi-Solid, or Liquid Waste Material
Effective Date
01-Jan-1995

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ASTM D4981-95 - Standard Test Method for Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4981 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Screening of Oxidizers in Waste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4981; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope specific information about a waste that will aid in determining
waste identification, process compatibility, and safety in han-
1.1 This test method is intended for use prior to preparation
dling.
of waste samples for organic analysis. Waste samples that have
oxidizing compounds may react with certain reagents in the
4. Summary of Test Method
laboratory (for example, organic solvents).
4.1 A small portion of the sample is placed onto a strip of
1.2 This test method is applicable to the analysis of waste
potassium iodide (KI) starch paper. The blue color which is the
liquids, sludges, and solids.
result of oxidizing the potassium iodide to iodine (I )inthe
1.3 This test method can neither identify specific oxidizing
presence of starch, indicates a positive test for oxidizers.
compounds nor measure concentrations. Since no acid or base
is added in this test method, potential oxidizers that require the
5. Significance and Use
presence of acid or base will not be detected by this test
5.1 This test method is intended for use by those in waste
method.
management industries to avoid potentially harmful reactions
1.4 It is recommended that, prior to this test, waste samples
due to oxidizing compounds in wastes.
be screened for water compatibility; see Test Methods D 5058.
1.5 This test method is designed and intended as a prelimi-
6. Interferences
nary test to complement quantitative analytical techniques that
6.1 Materials that mask the KI starch paper, (for example,
may be used to determine the presence of oxidizers in wastes.
oils, syrups, etc.) prevent reaction with the test paper or visual
This test method offers the ability to screen waste for poten-
detection of a color change.
tially hazardous reactions due to oxidizer content when the
6.2 Samples or slurries of samples that are already dark
more sophisticated techniques are not available or the total
colored prior to applying a test portion to the KI starch paper
waste composition is unknown.
can give false results.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6.3 Oxidizers such as ferric salts may not oxidize organics;
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
however, they may show positive reactions with KI.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6.4 Oxidizers that require the presence of acid or base will
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
give a false negative result. To overcome this problem, run the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
oxidizer test at acid, base, and neutral pH conditions.
statement is given in Section 8 and 11.2.
7. Reagents and Materials
2. Referenced Documents
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent-grade chemicals shall be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
all reagents conform to specifications of the Committee on
D 4980 Test Method for Screening of pH in Waste
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
D 5058 Test Methods for Compatability of Screening
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
Analysis of Waste
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
3. Terminology
the determination.
3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
3.1.1 screening analysis—A preliminary qualitative or
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
semiquantitative test that is designed to efficiently give the user
by Type III of Specification D 1193.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Screening Methods. Chemical Society, Washin
...

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1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
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