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ASTM D5579-10a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to evaluate automotive manual transmission fluids for thermal instability, which results in deterioration of synchronizer performance.
This test method may also be utilized in other specifications and classifications of transmission and gear lubricants such as the following:
(final API designation of PG-1),
Military Specification MIL-L-2105,
SAE Information Report J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and
Mack Truck GO-H Gear Lubricant Specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high temperatures.
1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of synchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range.
1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in the trucks of one manufacturer.
1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC). The test method will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5.1 Exception—When materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2010
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.03 - Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5579-10 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D5579-12 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test
Effective Date
15-Apr-2012
Referred By
ASTM D8227-20 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Coefficient of Friction of Synchronizer Lubricated by Mechanical Transmission Fluids (MTF) Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Referred By
ASTM D5760-19 - Standard Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear Lubricants
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D5579 – 10a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission
1
Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5579; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus 6
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthethermalstabilityoffluidsfor
Test Transmission 6.2
use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high
Transmission Mounts 6.3
Oil-Circulating System 6.4
temperatures.
Oil Return Hole 6.5
1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number
Air Pressure Controls 6.6
of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of
Drive System 6.7
Instrumentation 6.8
synchronization when the transmission is operated while con-
Thermocouple Placement 6.9
tinuously cycling between high and low range.
Reagents and Materials 7
1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission ser- Safety 8
Preparation of Apparatus 9
vicehasnotbeenestablished.However,theprocedurehasbeen
Cleaning of Parts 9.1
shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants,
Assembly 9.2
which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field perfor- Calibration 10
Transmission and Test Stand Calibration 10.1
mance in the trucks of one manufacturer.
Reference Oils 10.2
1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to
Reference Oil Test Frequency 10.3
refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or re- Instrumentation Calibration 10.4
Shift Time Calibration 10.5
agents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by
Operating Procedure 11
Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring
System Flush and Charge 11.1
2
Center (TMC). The test method will be revised to show the Test Operation 11.2
Shut-Down Procedure 11.3
content of all the letters, as issued.
Transmission Disassembly 11.4
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Determination of Test Results 12
Failure Criteria 12.1
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Shifter Fork Wear 12.2
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Test Validity Determination 12.3
and are not considered standard.
Report 13
Precision and Bias 14
1.5.1 Exception—When materials, products, or equipment
Keywords 15
are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted.
Test Validity Calculations and Limits Annex A1
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
HTCT Test Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Manual Transmission Cyclic Durability Test Parts Annex A3
Inspection and Wear Measurements
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2. Referenced Documents
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
Section
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
Scope 1
D7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Summary of Test Method 4
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 SAE Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
3
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5579–10. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D5579-10A. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This edition incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No. 09-3. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D5579 – 10a
4
SAE J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants 4.6 The transmission is automatically cycled between low
2.3 Military Standard: and high range until t
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5579–10 Designation: D5579 – 10a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission
1
Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5579; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high
temperatures.
1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of
synchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range.
1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shown
to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in the
trucks of one manufacturer.
1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, and
2
so forth.These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by theASTMTest Monitoring Center (TMC). The test
method will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5.1 Exception—When materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:
Section
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus 6
Test Transmission 6.2
Transmission Mounts 6.3
Oil-Circulating System 6.4
Oil Return Hole 6.5
Air Pressure Controls 6.6
Drive System 6.7
Instrumentation 6.8
Thermocouple Placement 6.9
Reagents and Materials 7
Safety 8
Preparation of Apparatus 9
Cleaning of Parts 9.1
Assembly 9.2
Calibration 10
Transmission and Test Stand Calibration 10.1
Reference Oils 10.2
Reference Oil Test Frequency 10.3
Instrumentation Calibration 10.4
Shift Time Calibration 10.5
Operating Procedure 11
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.03
on Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids.
Current edition approved MayOct. 1, 2010. Published JuneNovember 2010. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as
D5579–09a.D5579–10. DOI: 10.1520/D5579-10A.
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. This edition incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No. 09-2.09-3.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5579 – 10a
System Flush and Charge 11.1
Test Operation 11.2
Shut-Down Procedure 11.3
Transmission Disassembly 11.4
Determination of Test Results 12
Failure Criteria 12.1
Shifter Fork Wear 12.2
Test Validity Determination 12.3
Report 13
Precision and Bias 14
Keywords 15
Test Validity Calculations and Limits Annex A1
Test Kit Parts Annex A2
HTCT Test Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A3
HTCT Test Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A2
Manual Transmission Cyclic Durability Test Parts Annex A4
Inspection and Wear Measurements
Manual Transmission Cyclic Durability Test Parts Annex A3
Inspection and Wear Measurements
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 SAE Standard:
4
SAE J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants
2.3 Military Standard:
5
MIL-L-21
...

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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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