ASTM F1796-09(2014)
(Specification)Standard Specification for High Voltage Detectors—Part 1 Capacitive Type to be Used for Voltages Exceeding 600 Volts AC
Standard Specification for High Voltage Detectors—Part 1 Capacitive Type to be Used for Voltages Exceeding 600 Volts AC
ABSTRACT
This specification covers portable, live-line tool-supported, direct-contact type capacitive voltage detectors to be used on electrical systems both indoors and outdoors for ac voltages. This specification establishes requirements for the design and testing of high voltage detectors, used in the electrical power industry, to determine the presence or absence of nominal operating voltage. The following tests shall be performed: voltage; low temperature impact; drop/impact; humidity; wet test; battery life test; durability of labeling; vibration resistance; continuous operation rating; response time; testing the self-test function; acceptable audible indication; acceptable visual indication; visual inspection; method to measure threshold voltage; interference voltage testing; leakage current testing; dielectric testing for detector housing; and wet testing.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes requirements for the design and testing of high voltage detectors, used in the electrical power industry, to determine the presence or absence of nominal operating voltage or the measured voltage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers portable, live-line tool-supported, direct-contact type capacitive voltage detectors to be used on electrical systems both indoors and outdoors for ac voltages from 600 V to 800 kV with frequency of 60 Hz. The function of the voltage detector is limited to the detection of the presence or absence of nominal operating voltage.
1.1.1 Two types of voltage detectors are provided and are designated as Type I, audible/visual and Type II, numeric, with or without audible.
1.1.2 Two styles of voltage detectors, differing in wet conditions characteristics, are provided and are designated as Style A, indoor use and Style B indoor/outdoor use.
1.2 The use and maintenance of these high voltage detectors and any necessary insulated tool handles are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Except where specified, all voltage defined in this specification refer to phase-to-phase voltage in a three-phase system. Voltage detectors covered by this specification may be used in other than three-phase systems, but the applicable phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground (earth) voltages shall be used to determine the operating voltage.
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Designation:F1796 −09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Specification for
High Voltage Detectors—Part 1 Capacitive Type to be Used
for Voltages Exceeding 600 Volts AC
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1796; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ANSI Standard:
ANSIC84.1Voltage Ratings for Electric Power Systems
1.1 This specification covers portable, live-line tool-
and Equipment
supported, direct-contact type capacitive voltage detectors to
be used on electrical systems both indoors and outdoors for ac
3. Terminology
voltages from 600 V to 800 kV with frequency of 60 Hz. The
3.1 Definitions:
functionofthevoltagedetectorislimitedtothedetectionofthe
3.1.1 capacitive voltage detector—a device that relies on
presence or absence of nominal operating voltage.
current passing through stray capacitance to ground.
1.1.1 Two types of voltage detectors are provided and are
3.1.2 clear indication—a specific condition that detects and
designatedasTypeI,audible/visualandTypeII,numeric,with
indicates the voltage state at the contact electrode.
or without audible.
3.1.3 clear perception—the ability by the user to determine
1.1.2 Two styles of voltage detectors, differing in wet
that the voltage detector is in its operating position.
conditions characteristics, are provided and are designated as
Style A, indoor use and Style B indoor/outdoor use.
3.1.4 contact electrode—the bare conductive part of the
conductiveelementthatestablishestheelectricalconnectionto
1.2 Theuseandmaintenanceofthesehighvoltagedetectors
the component to be tested.
and any necessary insulated tool handles are beyond the scope
of this specification. 3.1.5 indicator—part of the voltage detector that indicates
thepresenceorabsenceofthenominaloperatingvoltageorthe
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
measured voltage at the contact electrode.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 indoor style—a detector designed for use in dry
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
conditions, normally indoors.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.7 interference field—electrical field affecting the indica-
tion.
NOTE 1—Except where specified, all voltage defined in this specifica-
tion refer to phase-to-phase voltage in a three-phase system. Voltage
3.1.8 interference voltage—voltages other than the signal
detectors covered by this specification may be used in other than
voltage capable of making the device operate.
three-phasesystems,buttheapplicablephase-to-phaseorphase-to-ground
3.1.9 limit marking—distinctivelocationormarktoindicate
(earth) voltages shall be used to determine the operating voltage.
to the user the physical limit to which the detector may be
inserted between live components or may touch them.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.10 nominal operating voltage—a nominal value consis-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tent with the latest revision of ANSI C84.1.
F819Terminology Relating to Electrical Protective Equip-
ment for Workers
3.1.11 outdoor style—a detector designed for use either
indoors or outdoors.
3.1.12 responsetime—timedelaybetweensuddenchangeof
the voltage state on the contact electrode and the associated
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on
Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of
clear indication.
Subcommittee F18.35 on Tools & Equipment.
3.1.13 testing element—built in or external device, by
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F1796-09. DOI:
means of which the functioning of the voltage detector can be
10.1520/F1796-09R14.
checked.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
the ASTM website. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1796−09 (2014)
3.1.14 threshold voltage—minimum voltage between the each unit. Whenever practicable, instructions for use and
line component and earth (ground) required to give a clear testing shall be printed on a permanent-type label and attached
audible or visual indication, or both; or numeric indication, to the unit.
corresponding to specific conditions as defined in correspond- 7.1.2 Voltage range, manufacturer and a general statement
ing test (see clear indication and clear perception). regarding any use precautions or limitations shall be perma-
nently marked on each unit.
3.1.15 voltage detector—a device for indicating the pres-
ence or absence of nominal design or operating voltage or the
8. Specifications
measured voltage.
8.1 The manufacturer shall clearly specify the limits of
3.1.16 voltage, nominal design—a nominal value consistent
performanceofeachvoltagedetectorwithintheinstructionsas
with the latest revision ofANSI C84.1, assigned to the circuit
follows:
or system for the purpose of conveniently designating its
8.1.1 Operating voltage range or ranges,
voltage class.
8.1.2 Operating temperature range,
3.1.17 voltage range—value of voltage generally agreed
8.1.3 Operating humidity range,
uponbymanufacturerandcustomer,towhichcertainoperating
8.1.4 Storage temperature range,
specifications are referred.
8.1.5 Storage humidity range, and
8.1.6 Any limitations in use.
3.2 Tests:
3.2.1 acceptance test— a test made at the option of the
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
purchaser.
9.1 Workmanship and finish shall be of such quality as to
3.2.2 design test—atypetestmadeonaspecimentreatedas
ensure safe operation of the unit. Appearance shall be the
representative of an industrial product. These tests will not
prerogative of the manufacturer.
generallyberepeatedinquantityproductionunlessachangein
the design is implemented.
10. Testing
3.2.3 performance test—atestperformedtoindicatenormal
10.1 General—Tests shall be performed on a detector that
operation of the instrument.
has been completely assembled. Tests shall be carried out
3.2.4 routine test—atypetestmaderegularlyonproduction
under the following ambient test conditions:
material.
10.1.1 Ambient temperature 59 to 95°F (15 to 35°C).
10.1.2 Relative humidity 45 to 75%.
4. Significance and Use
10.2 Methods—Unless otherwise specified, tests shall be
4.1 This specification establishes requirements for the de-
carried out using a 60 Hz ac power source. Tests shall be
signandtestingofhighvoltagedetectors,usedintheelectrical
performed in dry conditions.
power industry, to determine the presence or absence of
10.2.1 The maximum test voltage level shall be reached
nominal operating voltage or the measured voltage.
within 10 to 20 s.
10.2.2 An acceptable tolerance of 63% is allowed for all
5. Type of Detector
required values.
5.1 Capacitive
10.3 Design Test—At least two (2) units shall be tested to
5.1.1 Direct Contact—Operates without the need for a
ensure that design specifications are achieved.
ground lead, but requires physical contact with the component
10.3.1 Type I Voltage Test (Audible/Visual Indication)
to be tested; with an audible/visual indicator.
—Each unit shall be subjected to the voltage necessary to
5.1.2 Type II – Direct Contact— Operates without the need
verify the unit’s threshold voltage. The threshold voltage V
t
for a ground lead, but requires physical contact with the
shall satisfy the t following relationship 610%:
componenttobetested;withanumericvalueindicator,withor
Thresholdvoltage 50.3to0.45 3minimumnameplatevoltage
without audible.
10.3.2 Type II Voltage Test (Numeric Indication)—Eachunit
6. Ordering Information
shall be subjected to the voltage necessary to verify the unit’s
nominal design voltage range/s, within 630 % of applied
6.1 Orders for high voltage detectors under this specifica-
voltage.
tion shall include this ASTM designation and the following
information:
NOTE 2—Type II voltage detectors may indicate the design voltage in
6.1.1 Type,
phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground values.
6.1.2 Style,
10.3.3 Temperature Dependence of the Indication—The de-
6.1.3 Voltage range,
tector shall operate correctly in the temperature range of the
6.1.4 Catalog number/s.
climatic category according to Table 1. The numeric or
threshold voltage shall not vary by more than 610%, with
7. Marking
respect to the numeric or threshold voltage measured when
7.1 Labeling: tested at the minimum and maximum temperature. The detec-
7.1.1 Instructions for indoor and outdoor testing use and tor shall be subjected to the maximum and minimum tempera-
maintenance of the voltage detectors shall be included with ture extremes for 24 h and immediately subjected to a numeric
F1796−09 (2014)
TABLE 1 Climatic categories
times noting any changes observed in its operation.This test is
Temperature considered passed if the proper indications appear each time.
Temperature° C °F
For the purpose of this test the numeric display shall be
−20 to +55 −4 to +131
considered a proper indication.
10.3.13 Acceptable Audible Indication— The audible test
should be performed in an environment where background
or threshold voltage test. The numeric or threshold voltage is
noise does not exceed 60 dBA.
not to deviate 610% from the previously tested and recorded
10.3.13.1 The detector shall be mounted so that the sound
test report when conducted under the standard atmospheric
axis is parallel to the ground at least 5.0 ft off any sound
conditions as stated in 10.1.
reflecting surface. The test shall be performed by applying a
10.3.4 Low Temperature Impact—Theprocedureoutlinedin
voltage of 10% over the threshold voltage to the contact
10.3.5 shall be followed after exposure to−20°C⁄−4°F for 24
electrode.
h.
10.3.13.2 The sound intensity shall be measured at 2 ft
10.3.5 Drop/Impact—The test surface shall be concrete or
intervals at 615 degrees off centerline while moving away
steel and smooth, hard and unpliable. The height of the fall
from the detector until the following audible thresholds are
shall be 3 ft. The
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1796 − 09 F1796 − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Specification for
High Voltage Detectors—Part 1 Capacitive Type to be Used
for Voltages Exceeding 600 Volts AC
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1796; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers portable, live-line tool-supported, direct-contact type capacitive voltage detectors to be used on
electrical systems both indoors and outdoors for ac voltages from 600 V to 800 kV with frequency of 60 Hz. The function of the
voltage detector is limited to the detection of the presence or absence of nominal operating voltage.
1.1.1 Two types of voltage detectors are provided and are designated as Type I, audible/visual and Type II, numeric, with or
without audible.
1.1.2 Two styles of voltage detectors, differing in wet conditions characteristics, are provided and are designated as Style A,
indoor use and Style B indoor/outdoor use.
1.2 The use and maintenance of these high voltage detectors and any necessary insulated tool handles are beyond the scope of
this specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—Except where specified, all voltage defined in this specification refer to phase-to-phase voltage in a three-phase system. Voltage detectors
covered by this specification may be used in other than three-phase systems, but the applicable phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground (earth) voltages shall
be used to determine the operating voltage.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F819 Terminology Relating to Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers
2.2 ANSI Standard:
ANSI C84.1 Voltage Ratings for Electric Power Systems and Equipment
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 capacitive voltage detector—a device that relies on current passing through stray capacitance to ground.
3.1.2 clear indication—a specific condition that detects and indicates the voltage state at the contact electrode.
3.1.3 clear perception—the ability by the user to determine that the voltage detector is in its operating position.
3.1.4 contact electrode—the bare conductive part of the conductive element that establishes the electrical connection to the
component to be tested.
3.1.5 indicator—part of the voltage detector that indicates the presence or absence of the nominal operating voltage or the
measured voltage at the contact electrode.
3.1.6 indoor style—a detector designed for use in dry conditions, normally indoors.
3.1.7 interference field—electrical field affecting the indication.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F18.35 on Tools & Equipment.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009Oct. 1, 2014. Published May 2009November 2014. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 as
F1796-97(2002).F1796-09. DOI: 10.1520/F1796-09.10.1520/F1796-09R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1796 − 09 (2014)
3.1.8 interference voltage—voltages other than the signal voltage capable of making the device operate.
3.1.9 limit marking—distinctive location or mark to indicate to the user the physical limit to which the detector may be inserted
between live components or may touch them.
3.1.10 nominal operating voltage—a nominal value consistent with the latest revision of ANSI C84.1.
3.1.11 outdoor style—a detector designed for use either indoors or outdoors.
3.1.12 response time—time delay between sudden change of the voltage state on the contact electrode and the associated clear
indication.
3.1.13 testing element—built in or external device, by means of which the functioning of the voltage detector can be checked.
3.1.14 threshold voltage—minimum voltage between the line component and earth (ground) required to give a clear audible or
visual indication, or both; or numeric indication, corresponding to specific conditions as defined in corresponding test (see clear
indication and clear perception).
3.1.15 voltage detector—a device for indicating the presence or absence of nominal design or operating voltage or the measured
voltage.
3.1.16 voltage, nominal design—a nominal value consistent with the latest revision of ANSI C84.1, assigned to the circuit or
system for the purpose of conveniently designating its voltage class.
3.1.17 voltage range—value of voltage generally agreed upon by manufacturer and customer, to which certain operating
specifications are referred.
3.2 Tests:
3.2.1 acceptance test— a test made at the option of the purchaser.
3.2.2 design test— a type test made on a specimen treated as representative of an industrial product. These tests will not
generally be repeated in quantity production unless a change in the design is implemented.
3.2.3 performance test— a test performed to indicate normal operation of the instrument.
3.2.4 routine test— a type test made regularly on production material.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This specification establishes requirements for the design and testing of high voltage detectors, used in the electrical power
industry, to determine the presence or absence of nominal operating voltage or the measured voltage.
5. Type of Detector
5.1 Capacitive
5.1.1 Direct Contact—Operates without the need for a ground lead, but requires physical contact with the component to be
tested; with an audible/visual indicator.
5.1.2 Type II – Direct Contact— Operates without the need for a ground lead, but requires physical contact with the component
to be tested; with a numeric value indicator, with or without audible.
6. Ordering Information
6.1 Orders for high voltage detectors under this specification shall include this ASTM designation and the following
information:
6.1.1 Type,
6.1.2 Style,
6.1.3 Voltage range,
6.1.4 Catalog number/s.
7. Marking
7.1 Labeling:
7.1.1 Instructions for indoor and outdoor testing use and maintenance of the voltage detectors shall be included with each unit.
Whenever practicable, instructions for use and testing shall be printed on a permanent-type label and attached to the unit.
7.1.2 Voltage range, manufacturer and a general statement regarding any use precautions or limitations shall be permanently
marked on each unit.
8. Specifications
8.1 The manufacturer shall clearly specify the limits of performance of each voltage detector within the instructions as follows:
8.1.1 Operating voltage range or ranges,
8.1.2 Operating temperature range,
8.1.3 Operating humidity range,
F1796 − 09 (2014)
8.1.4 Storage temperature range,
8.1.5 Storage humidity range, and
8.1.6 Any limitations in use.
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
9.1 Workmanship and finish shall be of such quality as to ensure safe operation of the unit. Appearance shall be the prerogative
of the manufacturer.
10. Testing
10.1 General—Tests shall be performed on a detector that has been completely assembled. Tests shall be carried out under the
following ambient test conditions:
10.1.1 Ambient temperature 59 to 95°F (15 to 35°C).
10.1.2 Relative humidity 45 to 75 %.
10.2 Methods—Unless otherwise specified, tests shall be carried out using a 60 Hz ac power source. Tests shall be performed
in dry conditions.
10.2.1 The maximum test voltage level shall be reached within 10 to 20 s.
10.2.2 An acceptable tolerance of 63 % is allowed for all required values.
10.3 Design Test—At least two (2) units shall be tested to ensure that design specifications are achieved.
10.3.1 Type I Voltage Test (Audible/Visual Indication) —Each unit shall be subjected to the voltage necessary to verify the unit’s
threshold voltage. The threshold voltage V shall satisfy the t following relationship 610 %:
t
Threshold voltage 5 0.3 to 0.45 3minimum nameplate voltage
10.3.2 Type II Voltage Test (Numeric Indication)—Each unit shall be subjected to the voltage necessary to verify the unit’s
nominal design voltage range/s, within 630 % of applied voltage.
NOTE 2—Type II voltage detectors may indicate the design voltage in phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground values.
10.3.3 Temperature Dependence of the Indication—The detector shall operate correctly in the temperature range of the climatic
category according to Table 1. The numeric or threshold voltage shall not vary by more than 610 %, with respect to the numeric
or threshold voltage measured when tested at the minimum and maximum temperature. The detector shall be subjected to the
maximum and minimum temperature extremes for 24 h and immediately subjected to a numeric or threshold voltage test. The
numeric or threshold voltage is not to deviate 610 % from the previously tested and recorded test report when conducted under
the standard atmospheric conditions as stated in 10.1.
10.3.4 Low Temperature Impact—The procedure outlined in 10.3.5 shall be followed after exposure to −20°C ⁄−4°F for 24 h.
10.3.5 Drop/Impact—The test surface shall be concrete or steel and smooth, hard and unpliable. The height of the fall shall be
3 ft. The unit shall be dropped twice: once in the horizontal position and once in the vertical. The vertical drop shall be made on
the contact electrode if present. It is acceptable if the contact electrode bends, as long as the unit continues to operate. The unit
shall be considered to have passed the test if there is no significant mechanical damage and the unit meets the requirements of 10.6.
10.3.6 Humidity—The detector is to be exposed to a minimum of 96 % humidity for 24 h. The detector is considered to have
passed if it meets the same criteria as outlined in 10.3.
10.3.7 Wet Test—Style B units identified for “outdoor use” shall be tested using the Rain/Wet Test described in Annex A1.
10.3.8 Battery Life Test—For detectors equipped with internal test
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