ASTM D4844-03

Standard Guide for Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker Protection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The techniques of air monitoring are many and varied. This guide is intended to describe the standard approaches that are used in designing an air monitoring program to protect waste management site workers.
When entering a remedial action site to initiate an investigation or a cleanup operation, operating personnel may be faced with the extreme hazards of fire, explosion, and acute or chronic health hazards. A thorough safety and health program, including a site-specific safety and health plan, must be in place to direct worker activity. Details for such plans can be found in the OSHA Interim Final Rule for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response and Refs (1, 2).7 Air monitoring is an integral part of such a program. This guide describes equipment and sampling procedures which can be used to evaluate the airborne hazard potential so as to gain and maintain control over the situation at the site.
Upon obtaining readings at the site, a decision must be made as to whether conditions are under control or not. That decision will depend on the nature of the contaminants (toxicity, reactivity, volatility, etc.), the extent (area affected, number of workers, etc.) of the problem and the level of worker protection available. Since all such parameters will be site specific, the necessary decision-making is beyond the range of this guide.
This guide does not include monitoring sites containing radioactive materials, nor does it cover general safety aspects, such as access to emergency equipment or medical support of emergency needs. These items should be covered in a safety and health plan.
It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunction with Guide D 4687.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized approach for establishing and carrying out an air monitoring program to protect workers at waste management facilities. This guide may apply to routine operations at an active treatment, storage, or disposal site or the extraordinary conditions that can be encountered in opening and cleaning up a remedial action site.
1.2 Any user of this guide must understand that it is impossible to predict all the difficulties that could develop at a waste management facility due to hazardous airborne emissions. Although air contaminant measurements obtained in accordance with this guide may indicate acceptable or tolerable levels of toxic agents are present, care and judgment must still be exercised before concluding that all atmospheric contaminants at the site are under control.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-2003
• ICS: 13.030.40 - Installations and equipment for waste disposal and treatment
• ICS: 13.040.40 - Stationary source emissions
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.01.01 - Planning for Sampling

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4844-88(1998) - Standard Guide for Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker Protection
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D4844-03(2009) - Standard Guide for Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker Protection
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4844–03
Standard Guide for
Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker
1
Protection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4844; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope OSHA Analytical Methods Manual
5
NIOSH Manual for Analytical Methods
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized ap-
OSHA, 29 CFR Part 1910 HazardousWaste Operations and
proach for establishing and carrying out an air monitoring
Emergency Response; Interim Final Rule, December
program to protect workers at waste management facilities.
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1986
This guide may apply to routine operations at an active
treatment, storage, or disposal site or the extraordinary condi-
3. Terminology
tions that can be encountered in opening and cleaning up a
3.1 Definitions:
remedial action site.
3.1.1 General—Terminology commonly used in air moni-
1.2 Any user of this guide must understand that it is
toring can be found in Terminology D 1356.
impossible to predict all the difficulties that could develop at a
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
waste management facility due to hazardous airborne emis-
3.2.1 operating site—an operating site is a location or
sions. Although air contaminant measurements obtained in
facility where waste is treated, stored, or disposed as part of an
accordancewiththisguidemayindicateacceptableortolerable
on-going operation.
levels of toxic agents are present, care and judgment must still
3.2.2 remedial action site—a remedial action site is a
be exercised before concluding that all atmospheric contami-
location or facility that may pose a threat to human health and
nants at the site are under control.
the environment.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Guide
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The procedures described in this guide address safety
D 1356 Terminology Relating to Atmospheric Sampling
considerations, acute health hazards, and chronic health haz-
and Analysis
ards due to airborne hazardous materials.
D 1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
4.2 Monitoring concepts are described for cleanup opera-
Atmosphere
tions at remedial action sites as well as routine activities at
D 1605 Practices for SamplingAtmospheres forAnalysis of
operational waste management sites.
Gases and Vapors
D 3614 GuideforEvaluatingLaboratoriesEngagedinSam-
5. Significance and Use
pling and Analysis of Atmospheres and Emissions
5.1 The techniques of air monitoring are many and varied.
D 4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
This guide is intended to describe the standard approaches that
2.2 ISO Standard:
are used in designing an air monitoring program to protect
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of
3 waste management site workers.
Testing and Calibration Laboratories
5.2 When entering a remedial action site to initiate an
2.3 Federal Standards:
investigation or a cleanup operation, operating personnel may
be faced with the extreme hazards of fire, explosion, and acute
1
or chronic health hazards. A thorough safety and health
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on
program, including a site-specific safety and health plan, must
Planning for Sampling.
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally
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approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 1988 as D 4844–88 (1998). 1985 manual available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or OSHAAnalytical Laboratory, Salt Lake City, UT.
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contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Third edition manual, February 1984, available from the National Institute of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Occupational Safety and Health, (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH.
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the ASTM website. Available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,
3
Adopted by ASTM as an American National Standard. Washington, DC, 20401.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4844–03
be in place to direct worker activity. Details for such plans can analytical work whether it is for a 15-min ceiling sample or a
be found in the OSHAInterim Final Rule for HazardousWaste 7-h full day sample. If the analytical method has poor sensi-
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Operations and Emergency Response and Refs (1, 2). Air tivity, h
...