ASTM E2347-11

Standard Test Method for Indentation Softening Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to materials that soften upon heating to a modulus less than 6.0 MPa. This test method describes the determination of the temperature at which the specific modulus of either 6.65 (Method A) or 33.3 MPa (Method B) (equivalent to Test Method D 1525) of a test specimen is realized by indentation measurement using a thermomechanical analyzer as the test specimen is heated. This temperature is identified as the indentation softening temperature. The test may be performed over the temperature range of ambient to 300C.
Note 1—This test method is intended to provide results similar to those of Test Method D 1525 but is performed on a thermomechanical analyzer using a smaller diameter indenting probe. Equivalence of results to those obtained by Test Method D 1525 has been demonstrated on a limited number of materials. Until the user demonstrates equivalence, the results of this Test Method shall be considered to be independent and unrelated to those of Test Method D 1525.
1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl cellulose, poly (vinyl chloride), poly (vinylidene chloride) and other materials having a large measurement imprecision (see Test Method D 1525 and sections and ).
1.3 Electronic instrumentation or automated data analysis and reduction systems or treatments equivalent to this test method may be used.
Note 2—Since all electronic data treatments are not equivalent, the user shall verify equivalency to this test method.
1.4 SI values are the standard.
1.5 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2011
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.10 - Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E2347-05 - Standard Test Method for Indentation Softening Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2347 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Indentation Softening Temperature by Thermomechanical
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2347; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method is applicable to materials that soften 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1525Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of
upon heating to a modulus less than 6.0 MPa.This test method
Plastics
describes the determination of the temperature at which the
E473Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
specific modulus of either 6.65 (Method A) or 33.3 MPa
ology
(Method B) (equivalent to Test Method D1525) of a test
E1142Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
specimen is realized by indentation measurement using a
E1363Test Method forTemperature Calibration ofThermo-
thermomechanicalanalyzerasthetestspecimenisheated.This
mechanical Analyzers
temperature is identified as the indentation softening tempera-
E2113Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Ther-
ture. The test may be performed over the temperature range of
momechanical Analyzers
ambient to 300 °C.
E2206Test Method for Force Calibration of Thermome-
NOTE1—Thistestmethodisintendedtoprovideresultssimilartothose
chanical Analyzers
of Test Method D1525 but is performed on a thermomechanical analyzer
using a smaller diameter indenting probe. Equivalence of results to those
3. Terminology
obtained by Test Method D1525 has been demonstrated on a limited
number of materials. Until the user demonstrates equivalence, the results
3.1 Definitions:
ofthisTestMethodshallbeconsideredtobeindependentandunrelatedto
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this standard are
those of Test Method D1525.
defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142.
1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl
3.1.2 penetration softening temperature, [°C],n—the tem-
cellulose, poly (vinyl chloride), poly (vinylidene chloride) and
perature at which a test specimen has a modulus of either 6.65
other materials having a large measurement imprecision (see
or 33.3 MPa as measured in penetration.
Test Method D1525 and 5.3 and Section 14).
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 The modulus of a material may be determined by the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
indentation (penetration) of a circular, flat tipped probe. The
standard.
relationship between modulus of a material (stress divided by
1.4 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.
strain) and penetration depth is given by:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E 5 3 F/~4Dd! (1)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
where:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E = modulus, MPa,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
F = force, N,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D = diameter of a circular, flat tipped probe, mm, and
d = penetration depth, mm.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on
2
Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E2347–05. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2347-11. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2347 − 11
2
NOTE 2—Note the identity Pa=N/m .
6.1.1 Rigid Specimen Holder, of inert, low expansivity
-1 -1
material(<1µmm °C )tocenterthespecimeninthefurnace
4.2 Somematerialssoftenuponheating.Forsuchmaterials,
and to fix the specimen to mechanical ground.
the modulus may be determined by penetration as the sample
6.1.2 Rigid Penetration Probe, of inert, low expansivity
is heated. This test method identifies the temperature at which
-1 -1
material (< 1 µm m °C ) that contacts the specimen with an
the modulus of the specimen is determined to be 6.65 MPa
applied compression force (see Fig. 1). The tip shall be 0.1 to
(Method A) or 33.3 MPa (Method B).
1.0 mm in diameter, free of burrs and be perpendicular to the
4.3 Specifically, a test specimen is tested in penetration
axis of
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2347–05 Designation:E2347–11
Standard Test Method for
Indentation Softening Temperature by Thermomechanical
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2347; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is applicable to materials that soften upon heating to a modulus less than 6.0 MPa. This test method
describes the determination of the temperature at which the specific modulus of either 6.65 (MethodA) or 33.3 MPa (Method B)
(equivalent to Test Method D1525) of a test specimen is realized by indentation measurement using a thermomechanical analyzer
as the test specimen is heated. This temperature is identified as the indentation softening temperature. The test may be performed
over the temperature range of ambient to 300 °C.
NOTE 1—This test method is intended to provide results similar to those ofTest Method D1525 but is performed on a thermomechanical analyzer using
a smaller diameter indenting probe. Equivalence of results to those obtained by Test Method D1525 has been demonstrated on a limited number of
materials. Until the user demonstrates equivalence, the results of this Test Method shall be considered to be independent and unrelated to those of Test
Method D1525.
1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl cellulose, poly (vinyl chloride), poly (vinylidene chloride) and other
materials having a large measurement imprecision (see Test Method D1525 and sections and 5.3 and 14.1.2). and Section 14).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1525 Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
E2113 Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
E2206 Test Method for Force Calibration Of Thermomechnical Analyzers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this standard are defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142.
3.1.1 penetration softening temperature, [ °C] , n—the temperature at which a test specimen has a modulus of either 6.65 or
33.3 MPa as measured in penetration.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The modulus of a material may be determined by the indentation (penetration) of a circular, flat tipped probe. The
relationship between modulus of a material (stress divided by strain) and penetration depth is given by:
E 5 3 F / 4Dd (1)
~ !
where:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Fundamental,
Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept.April 1, 2005.2011. Published October 2005.May 2011. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20042005 as
E2347 – 045. DOI: 10.1520/E2347-05.10.1520/E2347-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2347–11
E = modulus, MPa,
F = force, N,
D = diameter of a circular, flat tipped probe, mm, and
d = penetration depth, mm.
2
NOTE 2—Note the identity Pa=N/m
4.2 Some materials soften upon heating. For such materials, the modulus may be determined by penetration as the sample is
heated. This test method identifies the temperature at which the modulus of the specimen is determined to be 6.65 MPa (Method
A) or 33.3 MPa (Method B).
4.3 Specifically,atestspecimenistestedinpenetrationusingacircular
...