ASTM F493-22

Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for solvent cements for chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic pipe, tubing, and socket-type fittings. Solvent cement shall be a CPVC resin-based solution, shall be free-flowing, shall show no gelation or stratification, and shall not contain lumps or any foreign matter. Other requirements include resin content, dissolution, viscosity, shelf stability, hydrostatic burst strength, and hydrostatic sustained pressure strength. Test procedures for solid contents, inert filler determination, viscosity, hydrostatic burst strength, and hydrostatic sustained pressure strength are included in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) solvent cements to be used in joining chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and socket-type fittings.  
1.2 CPVC solvent cements are used with CPVC 41 chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and fittings, which meet Class 23447 as defined in Specification D1784.  
1.3 A recommended procedure for joining CPVC pipe and fittings is given in Appendix X1. See also Practices F3328 and D2855.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2022
• ICS: 23.040.80 - Seals for pipe and hose assemblies
• Technical Committee: F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
• Drafting Committee: F17.20 - Joining

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D2846/D2846M-24 - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Refers: ASTM F439-24 - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Refers: ASTM D2855-20 - Standard Practice for the Two-Step (Primer and Solvent Cement) Method of Joining Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and Piping Components with Tapered Sockets
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2020
• Refers: ASTM F412-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020
• Refers: ASTM D1784-20 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM F439-19 - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D2846/D2846M-19a - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM D2846/D2846M-19 - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM F412-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM D1599-18 - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Refers: ASTM F3328-18 - Standard Practice for the One-Step (Solvent Cement Only) Method of Joining Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and Piping Components with Tapered Sockets
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2018
• Refers: ASTM D2846/D2846M-17b - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2017
• Refers: ASTM D2846/D2846M-17be1 - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2017
• Refers: ASTM D2846/D2846M-17a - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM F412-17a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2017

Overview

ASTM F493-22 defines the standard specification for solvent cements used to join chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic pipe, tubing, and socket-type fittings. This internationally recognized standard published by ASTM International applies to cements designed specifically for CPVC pipeline systems, ensuring product uniformity, safety, and performance. The specification covers quality and performance requirements including resin content, viscosity, dissolution, shelf stability, hydrostatic burst strength, and sustained pressure strength. It is intended for manufacturers, installers, and inspectors involved in CPVC piping, supporting both regulatory compliance and industry best practices.

Key Topics

Solvent Cement Composition

• The cement must be a CPVC resin-based solution, free-flowing, with no gelation, stratification, or foreign matter.
• May contain compatible inert fillers and colorants without compromising specification requirements.

Viscosity and Types

• Solvent cements are classified as regular-bodied, medium-bodied, or heavy-bodied, based on minimum viscosity to suit various pipe or fitting sizes and applications.

Physical and Chemical Requirements

• Requirements include a minimum resin content, capability to dissolve additional CPVC resin, and specific viscosity levels per cement type.
• The cement must maintain shelf stability, showing no gelation or stratification over time.

Hydrostatic Strength Testing

• Ensures joints made with the cement meet minimum burst and sustained pressure strengths under defined conditions.
• Test methods are referenced to ensure consistency and repeatability.

Labeling and Quality Control

• Detailed labeling is required, covering manufacturer identity, ASTM F493 designation, intended use, cement type, instructions, lot number, and warnings.
• Certification may be required for potable water contact, confirming compliance with NSF standards for health and safety.

Applications

Typical Use Cases

• Joining CPVC pipes and fittings in hot- and cold-water distribution systems, industrial piping, and other fluid conveyance systems.
• Suitable for use with pipes, tubing, and fittings that meet specific ASTM CPVC material standards (including those defined in ASTM D1784).

Industry Sectors

• Used extensively in residential, commercial, and industrial plumbing and piping systems, especially where high temperature or corrosion resistance is needed.
• Meets requirements for potable water systems, provided it is tested and certified per NSF/ANSI standards.

Installation and Handling

• Includes recommended procedures for preparing and assembling CPVC joints using solvent cement, emphasizing cleanliness, dry fitting, proper cement application, and safe handling practices.
• Solvent cements are flammable and may emit vapors, so safety precautions as per Practice F402 must be followed.

Related Standards

• ASTM D1784 – Classification for Rigid PVC and CPVC Compounds
• ASTM D2846/D2846M – Specification for CPVC Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems
• ASTM D2855 – Practice for the Two-Step Method of Joining PVC or CPVC Pipe and Components
• ASTM F3328 – Practice for the One-Step Solvent Cement Method for Thermoplastic Pipe Joints
• ASTM F439 – Specification for CPVC Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
• NSF/ANSI Standard 14 – Plastic Piping Components and Related Materials
• NSF/ANSI Standard 61 – Drinking Water System Components – Health Effects

ASTM F493-22 is pivotal for ensuring the reliability and safety of CPVC pipelines and is an essential reference for manufacturers, installers, and quality inspectors in plastic piping systems. Compliance with this standard increases installation integrity and reduces risk in residential, commercial, and industrial piping applications.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F493 −22 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
(CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF493;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification provides requirements for chlorinated
2.1 ASTM Standards:
poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) solvent cements to be used in
D1084Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
joining chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and
D1598Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe
socket-type fittings.
Under Constant Internal Pressure
D1599Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic
1.2 CPVC solvent cements are used with CPVC 41 chlori-
Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
nated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and fittings, which
D1784Classification System and Basis for Specification for
meet Class 23447 as defined in Specification D1784.
Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlo-
1.3 A recommended procedure for joining CPVC pipe and
rinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds
fittings is given in Appendix X1. See also Practices F3328 and
D2846/D2846MSpecification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl
D2855.
Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribu-
1.4 Thetextofthisspecificationreferencesnotes,footnotes,
tion Systems
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These
D2855Practice for the Two-Step (Primer and Solvent Ce-
notesandfootnotes(excludingthoseintablesandfigures)shall
ment) Method of Joining Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or
not be considered as requirements of the specification.
Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and
Piping Components with Tapered Sockets
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
F402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Pipe and Fittings
and are not considered standard.
F412Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
F439Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This
(CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
F3328Practice for the One-Step (Solvent Cement Only)
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
Method of Joining Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlo-
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
rinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and Piping
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
Components with Tapered Sockets
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
2.2 NSF Standards:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Standard No. 14for Plastic Piping Components and Related
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Materials
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
StandardNo.61forDrinkingWaterSystemsComponents—
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Health Effects
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as F493–20. DOI: Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd.,Ann
10.1520/F0493-22. Arbor, MI 48113-0140, http://www.nsf.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F493−22
TABLE 1 Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Strength Requirements for
3. Terminology
Nominal 2 in. CPVC Solvent-Cemented Joints After2hDryingat
3.1 Definitions—The definitions in this specification are in
Test Temperature
accordance with Terminology F412.
Temperature, °F (°C) Burst Pressure, psi (MPa)
73 (23) 400 (2.76)
4. General Requirements
180 (82) 200 (1.38)
4.1 ThesolventcementshallbeasolutionofthebaseCPVC
resin used to make Class 23447, chlorinated poly(vinyl chlo-
ride) molding or extrusion compound as defined in Specifica-
5.6 Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure Strength—Joints made
tion D1784.
using ⁄2in. CPVC tubing and this cement shall meet the
requirements of Table 2 when tested in accordance with 6.4.
4.2 When rework material is used, the manufacturer shall
use only his own clean rework material that is compatible with
6. Test Methods
virgin material and produces a cement that meets the require-
6.1 Solid Contents:
ments of this specification.
6.1.1 Apparatus:
4.3 The cement shall be free-flowing and shall not contain
6.1.1.1 Ointment Tins,StyleNo.12,1oz(30mL),allmetal,
lumps, undissolved resin, or any foreign matter that will
6.1.1.2 Analytical Balance,
adversely affect the ultimate joint strength or chemical resis-
6.1.1.3 Vacuum Oven,
tance of the cement.
6.1.1.4 Desiccator, and
4.4 The cement shall show no gelation or stratification that
6.1.1.5 Centrifuge.
cannot be removed by stirring.
6.1.2 Procedure—Stir the sample thoroughly with a spatula
beforeweighing(Note3).Weigh0.106oz 60.123oz(3.0g 6
4.5 When inert fillers and colorants are added, the resulting
-5
0.5 g) of the sample to the nearest 3.53 × 10 oz (1 mg) into
cement shall meet all requirements of this specification.
a tared ointment tin with cover. Place the tin into the vacuum
NOTE 1—It is recommended that CPVC solvent cement be orange in
oven (Note 4), and heat at 248°F (120°C) for 45min to 60
color to facilitate identification and minimize unintentional use of other
min. Discard specimens left in for more than 60 min. The
cements that may fail at elevated service temperatures.
vacuummustbecontinuallyinoperationtodrawoffflammable
4.6 The particular solvent system to be used in the formu-
solvents and shall be maintained below 0.29 psi (15 mm Hg)
lation of this solvent cement is not specified, since it is
pressure. Remove the tin from the oven and cap immediately.
recognized that a number of adequate solvent systems for
Place in a desiccator until cooled to room temperature. Weigh
CPVC exist. Solvent systems consisting of blends of tetrahy-
-5
the tin and dried sample to the nearest 3.53 × 10 oz (1 mg).
drofuranandcyclohexanonehavebeenfoundtomakecements
NOTE 3—This material is usually nonhomogeneous and shall be
that meet the requirements of this specification.
thoroughly stirred before weighing. The weighing shall also be accom-
plished quickly to avoid loss of solvent by evaporation.
5. Detail Requirements
NOTE 4—The use of a vacuum oven is mandatory for drying the
5.1 Resin Content—The CPVC resin content shall be 10%
specimen,becausethisovenhasneitheranexposedheatingsurfacenoran
open flame, thus avoiding the danger of flashing. The oven also provides
minimum when tested in accordance with 6.1.
an open vacuum to exhaust solvent fumes.
5.2 Dissolution—The cement shall be capable of dissolving
6.1.3 Inert Filler Determination—Dissolve most of the
an additional 3% by weight of CPVC 41 compound (either
dried sample by adding 0.507 oz (15 mL) of tetrahydrofuran
powder or granular) or equivalent CPVC resin at 73°F 6
(THF)tothesampleintheointmenttinandstirringwithaglass
3.6°F (23°C 6 2°C) without evidence of gelation.
rod for 15 min. Collect the liquid decanted from this step, plus
5.3 Viscosity—Cements are classified as regular-, medium-,
theliquidfromthenexttwosteps.Dissolvetheremainderwith
orheavy-bodiedtypes,basedontheirminimumviscositywhen
a second addition of 0.507 oz (15 mL) of THF, followed by a
tested in accordance with 6.2.
third addition of 0.17 oz (5 mL) of THF to rinse the ointment
5.3.1 Regular-bodied cements shall have a minimum vis-
tin. Centrifuge the entire volume at 20 000 rpm for 15 min.
cosity of 90 cP (90 MPa·s).
Discard the supernatant liquid.Add 0.507 oz (15 mL) of THF
5.3.2 Medium-bodied cements shall have a minimum vis-
to the tube, mix thoroughly, and transfer the tube contents to
cosity of 500 cP (500 MPa·s). -2
the ointment tin. Use 6.76 ×10 (2 mL) more ofTHF to wash
5.3.3 Heavy-bodied cements shall have a minimum viscos-
ity of 1600 cP (1600 MPa·s).
TABLE 2 Minimum Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure Requirements
NOTE 2—Refer to Appendix X2 for guidelines in selecting CPVC 1
for Nominal ⁄2 in. CPVC Solvent-Cemented Joints Tested in
solvent cements for joining different pipe sizes.
Water or Air External Environment at 180 °F ± 3.6 °F (82 °C ±
2°C)
5.4 Shelf Stability—The cement, in the container in which it
Test Hydrostatic Test Pressure, psi (MPa)
is supplied, shall show no gelation or stratification that cannot
Test Duration
Condition Water Bath Air Bath
be removed by stirring after aging 30 days at 120°F (49°C).
A 6 min 521 551
(3.59) (3.80)
5.5 Hydrostatic Burst Strength—Joints made using 2in. (63
B 4 h 364 403
mm)CPVCpipingandthiscementshallmeettherequirements
(2.51) (2.78)
of Table 1 when tested in accordance with 6.3.
F493−22
downthetube,andpourintotheointmenttin.Evaporateoffthe 6.4.3 The dimensions of the tubing and fitting socket shall
THF in the vacuum oven at 248°F (120°C) for 45 min. Cool be such that the tubing will enter the socket from one third to
-5
indesiccator,weighthetintothenearest3.53×10 oz(1mg), two thirds of the full socket depth dry when assembled by
and determine the weight of inert filler present in the cement. hand.
6.4.4 Prepare the pipe and fittings for joining in accordance
6.1.4 Calculation—Calculate the percentage of CPVC resin
with X1.1, X1.2 and X1.3 of the recommended solvent
as follows:
cementing procedure given in Appendix X1. Do not apply
Resin,% 5 ~B 2 A 2 D!/~C 2 A! 3100
cleaner or primer and do not sand. Apply a very light coat of
where: CPVC cement to the socket and a heavy coat to the pipe end.
Immediately insert the pipe into the fitting with a slight
A = weight of ointment tin,
twisting motion until it bottoms in the socket. Hold the joint
B = weight of tin and specimen after drying,
C = weight of tin and specimen before drying, and together until the cement has set. Remove any excess cement
D = weight of inert filler, if present.
from the joint.
NOTE 5—Other methods for determination of resin and inert filler
NOTE6—Thepurposeofthetestmethodistoevaluatetheperformance
contentmaybeusedprovidedthattheresultsofthealternativemethodare
of the CPVC cement alone, and therefore applying cleaner or primer or
as accurate and consistent as the above method.
sanding, in accordance with X1.4, is not required for this purpose.
6.2 Viscosity:
6.4.5 Dry the solvent-cemented joints in air at 73.4°F 6
6.2.1 MeasuretheviscosityinaccordancewithMethodBof
3.6°F (23°C 6 2°C) for 336h 6 2 h. Then dry the
Test Methods D1084, except that conditioning to temperature
solvent-cememtedjointsat180°F 63.5°F(82°C 62°C)for
equilibrium only is required. For qualification purposes, use a
48h 62h.
Model RVF viscometer, a speed of 10 r/min, and the spindle
6.4.6 Attach suitable end closures and fill the test assembly
that, by trial, gives the closest reading to center range of scale
withwater,purgingallair,andconditionatthetesttemperature
for the cement being tested. Other speeds may be used for
for 30min 6 5 min if using a water bath or 120min 6 5 min
quality control purpose
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F493 − 20 F493 − 22 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
(CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F493; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification provides requirements for chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) solvent cements to be used in joining
chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and socket-type fittings.
1.2 CPVC solvent cements are used with CPVC 41 chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) pipe, tubing, and fittings, which meet Class
23447 as defined in Specification D1784.
1.3 A recommended procedure for joining CPVC pipe and fittings is given in Appendix X1. See also PracticePractices F3328 and
D2855.
1.4 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1084 Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
D1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure
D1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020Oct. 1, 2022. Published August 2020October 2022. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20142020 as
F493 – 14.F493 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/F0493-20.10.1520/F0493-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F493 − 22
D1784 Classification System and Basis for Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds
D2846/D2846M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems
D2855 Practice for the Two-Step (Primer and Solvent Cement) Method of Joining Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and Piping Components with Tapered Sockets
F402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements, Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F439 Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
F3328 Practice for the One-Step (Solvent Cement Only) Method of Joining Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated Poly
(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and Piping Components with Tapered Sockets
2.2 NSF Standards:
Standard No. 14 for Plastic Piping Components and Related Materials
Standard No. 61 for Drinking Water Systems Components—Health Effects
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions in this specification are in accordance with Terminology F412.
4. General Requirements
4.1 The solvent cement shall be a solution of the base CPVC resin used to make Class 23447, chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)
molding or extrusion compound as defined in Specification D1784.
4.2 When rework material is used, the manufacturer shall use only his own clean rework material that is compatible with virgin
material and produces a cement that meets the requirements of this specification.
4.3 The cement shall be free-flowing and shall not contain lumps, undissolved resin, or any foreign matter that will adversely affect
the ultimate joint strength or chemical resistance of the cement.
4.4 The cement shall show no gelation or stratification that cannot be removed by stirring.
4.5 When inert fillers and colorants are added, the resulting cement shall meet all requirements of this specification.
NOTE 1—It is recommended that CPVC solvent cement be orange in color to facilitate identification and minimize unintentional use of other cements that
may fail at elevated service temperatures.
4.6 The particular solvent system to be used in the formulation of this solvent cement is not specified, since it is recognized that
a number of adequate solvent systems for CPVC exist. Solvent systems consisting of blends of tetrahydrofuran and cyclohexanone
have been found to make cements that meet the requirements of this specification.
5. Detail Requirements
5.1 Resin Content—The CPVC resin content shall be 10 % minimum when tested in accordance with 6.1.
5.2 Dissolution—The cement shall be capable of dissolving an additional 3 % by weight of CPVC 41 compound (either powder
or granular) or equivalent CPVC resin at 7373 °F 6 3.6 °F (23(23 °C 6 2 °C) without evidence of gelation.
5.3 Viscosity—Cements are classified as regular-, medium-, or heavy-bodied types, based on their minimum viscosity when tested
in accordance with 6.2.
5.3.1 Regular-bodied cements shall have a minimum viscosity of 90 cP (90 MPa·s).
5.3.2 Medium-bodied cements shall have a minimum viscosity of 500 cP (500 MPa·s).
Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0140, http://www.nsf.org.
F493 − 22
5.3.3 Heavy-bodied cements shall have a minimum viscosity of 1600 cP (1600 MPa·s).
NOTE 2—Refer to Appendix X2 for guidelines in selecting CPVC solvent cements for joining different pipe sizes.
5.4 Shelf Stability—The cement, in the container in which it is supplied, shall show no gelation or stratification that cannot be
removed by stirring after aging 30 days at 120°F (49°C).120 °F (49 °C).
5.5 Hydrostatic Burst Strength—Joints made using 2-in.2 in. (63 mm) CPVC piping and this cement shall meet the requirements
of Table 1 when tested in accordance with 6.3.
5.6 Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure Strength—Joints made using ⁄2-in. in. CPVC tubing and this cement shall meet the
requirements of Table 2 when tested in accordance with 6.4.
6. Test Methods
6.1 Solid Contents:
6.1.1 Apparatus:
6.1.1.1 Ointment Tins, Style No. 12, 1-oz (30-mL),1 oz (30 mL), all metal,
6.1.1.2 Analytical Balance,
6.1.1.3 Vacuum Oven,
6.1.1.4 Desiccator, and
6.1.1.5 Centrifuge.
6.1.2 Procedure—Stir the sample thoroughly with a spatula before weighing (Note 3). Weigh 0.1060.106 oz 6 0.123 oz (3.0(3.0 g
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6 0.5 g) of the sample to the nearest 3.53 × 10 oz (1 mg) into a tared ointment tin with cover. Place the tin into the vacuum oven
(Note 4), and heat at 248°F (120°C)248 °F (120 °C) for 4545 min to 60 min. Discard specimens left in for more than 60 min. The
vacuum must be continually in operation to draw off flammable solvents and shall be maintained below 0.29 psi (15 mm Hg)
pressure. Remove the tin from the oven and cap immediately. Place in a desiccator until cooled to room temperature. Weigh the
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tin and dried sample to the nearest 3.53 × 10 oz (1 mg).
NOTE 3—This material is usually nonhomogeneous and shall be thoroughly stirred before weighing. The weighing shall also be accomplished quickly
to avoid loss of solvent by evaporation.
NOTE 4—The use of a vacuum oven is mandatory for drying the specimen, because this oven has neither an exposed heating surface nor an open flame,
thus avoiding the danger of flashing. The oven also provides an open vacuum to exhaust solvent fumes.
6.1.3 Inert Filler Determination—Dissolve most of the dried sample by adding 0.507 oz (15 mL) of tetrahydrofuran (THF) to the
sample in the ointment tin and stirring with a glass rod for 15 min. Collect the liquid decanted from this step, plus the liquid from
the next two steps. Dissolve the remainder with a second addition of 0.507 oz (15 mL) of THF, followed by a third addition of
0.17 oz (5 mL) of THF to rinse the ointment tin. Centrifuge the entire volume at 20 000 rpm for 15 min. Discard the supernatant
liquid. Add 0.507 oz (15 mL) of THF to the tube, mix thoroughly, and transfer the tube contents to the ointment tin. Use 6.76 ×10
-2 (2 mL) more of THF to wash down the tube, and pour into the ointment tin. Evaporate off the THF in the vacuum oven at 248 °F
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(120 °C) for 45 min. Cool in desiccator, weigh the tin to the nearest 3.53 × 10 oz (1 mg), and determine the weight of inert filler
present in the cement.
TABLE 1 Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Strength Requirements for
Nominal 2 in. CPVC Solvent-Cemented Joints After 2 h Drying at
Test Temperature
Temperature, °F (°C) Burst Pressure, psi (MPa)
73 (23) 400 (2.76)
180 (82) 200 (1.38)
F493 − 22
TABLE 2 Minimum Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure Requirements
for Nominal ⁄2 in. CPVC Solvent-Cemented Joints Tested in
Water or Air External Environment at 180180 °F ± 3.6 °F (82(82 °C
± 2 °C)
Test Hydrostatic Test Pressure, psi (MPa)
Test Duration
Condition Water Bath Air Bath
A 6 min 521 551
(3.59) (3.80)
B 4 h 364 403
(2.51) (2.78)
6.1.4 Calculation—Calculate the percentage of CPVC resin as follows:
Resin,%5 B 2 A 2 D / C 2 A 3100
~ ! ~ !
where:
A = weight of ointment tin,
B = weight of tin and specimen after drying,
C = weight of tin and specimen before drying, and
D = weight of inert filler, if present.
NOTE 5—Other methods for determination of resin and inert filler content may be used provided that the results of the alternative method are as accurate
and consistent as the above method.
6.2 Viscosity:
6.2.1 Measure the viscosity in accordance with Method B of Test Methods D1084, except that conditioning to temperature
equilibrium only is required. For qualification purposes, use a Model RVF viscometer, a speed of 10 r/min, and the spindle that,
by trial, gives the closest reading to center range of scale for the cement being tested. Other speeds may be used for quality control
purposes.
6.3 Hydrostatic Burst Strength:
6.3.1 Test in accordance with Test Method D1599, except as herein specified.
6.3.2 Prepare a test assembly containing at least six nominal 2-in.2 in. (63 mm) solvent-cemented joints using CPVC 41 SDR 11
pipe and fittings meeting the requirements of Specification D2846/D2846M. Cut the pipe into suitable lengths. The socket depth
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of the fittings shall be 1 ⁄2 in. to 1 ⁄16 in. (38.1(38.1 mm to 38.50 mm) (Schedule 80 in accordance with Specification F439).
6.3.3 The dimensions of the pipe and fitting socket shall be such that the pipe will enter the socket from one third to two thirds
of the full socket depth dry when assembled by hand.
6.3.4 Cement the joints in accordance with the recommended solvent cementing procedure given in Appendix X1 except for X1.7.
6.3.5 Attach suitable end closures and fill the test assembly with water, purging all air, and condition in water or air at the test
temperature for 120120 min 6 5 min, then test immediately.
6.3.6 Increase the internal pressure at a constant rate so as to reach the minimum burst requirement in 6060 s to 70 s.
6.3.7 Leakage or separation at any of the joints tested at less than the minimum hydrostatic burst strength requi
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