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ASTM C1790-14

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Fly Ash Facing Brick

Standard Specification for Fly Ash Facing Brick

ABSTRACT
This specification covers fly ash brick intended for use in masonry, which are made from fly ash, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, and without the use of portland cement. Units that fall under this specification include a fly ash binder that undergoes hydraulic, pozzolanic, alkali-activated, or geopolymer reactions, or any combination thereof. These chemical reactions, in conjunction with the other materials in the units, provide the strength and durability necessary to meet the requirements of this specification. The specification includes cementitious materials, aggregates, and pigments for integrally colored concrete; physical requirements, strength, durability, and shrinkage; permissible variation in dimensions; finish and appearance; sampling and testing; and compliance. A table presents the strength, absorption, and density classification requirements addressed by this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers fly ash brick intended for use in masonry, which are made from fly ash, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, and without the use of portland cement. This specification covers units intended for use in masonry, in both structural and facing applications.  
1.2 Units covered under this specification include a fly ash binder that undergoes hydraulic, pozzolanic, alkali-activated, or geopolymer reactions, or any combination thereof. These chemical reactions, in conjunction with the other materials in the units, provide the strength and durability necessary to meet the requirements of this specification.  
Note 1: This specification addresses properties of units formed using fly ash, aggregates, and other allowed binders. Although not required by this standard, users may request tests that establish assembly performance such as unit-mortar bond and fire resistance. As an alternative to tests, evidence of successful use in similar applications could be provided to establish assembly performance.  
1.3 This specification references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2014
ICS
91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
Technical Committee
C15 - Masonry – Manufactured Masonry Units, Mortars and Grouts
Drafting Committee
C15.03 - Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1790-14a - Standard Specification for Fly Ash Facing Brick
Effective Date
15-Dec-2014

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ASTM C1790-14 - Standard Specification for Fly Ash Facing BrickASTM C1790-14 - Standard Specification for Fly Ash Facing Brick
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ASTM C1790-14 - Standard Specification for Fly Ash Facing Brick
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1790 −14
StandardSpecification for
Fly Ash Facing Brick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C331 Specification for LightweightAggregates for Concrete
Masonry Units
1.1 This specification covers fly ash brick intended for use
C426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of Concrete
in masonry, which are made from fly ash, water, and suitable
Masonry Units
mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
materials, and without the use of portland cement. This
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
specification covers units intended for use in masonry, in both
C979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Con-
structural and facing applications.
crete
1.2 Units covered under this specification include a fly ash
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and
binder that undergoes hydraulic, pozzolanic, alkali-activated,
Mortars
or geopolymer reactions, or any combination thereof. These
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
chemical reactions, in conjunction with the other materials in
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious
the units, provide the strength and durability necessary to meet
Mixtures
the requirements of this specification.
C1645 Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt
Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
NOTE 1—This specification addresses properties of units formed using
fly ash, aggregates, and other allowed binders. Although not required by
this standard, users may request tests that establish assembly performance
3. Terminology
such as unit-mortar bond and fire resistance. As an alternative to tests,
evidence of successful use in similar applications could be provided to 3.1 TermsdefinedinTerminologyC1232shallapplyforthis
establish assembly performance.
specification.
1.3 This specification references notes and footnotes, which
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-
3.2.1 fly ash brick, n—a masonry unit made from fly ash,
cluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as
water, and suitable aggregates with or without the inclusion of
requirements of the standard.
other materials and specifically without the inclusion of port-
land cement.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
4. Materials
information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Cementitious Materials—No portland cement shall be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the used. Materials shall conform to the following applicable
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specifications:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 4.1.1 Pozzolans—Specification C618.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.2 Slag Cement—Specification C989.
4.1.3 Silica Fume—Specification C1240.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the following
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specifications, except that grading requirements shall not
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
necessarily apply:
C140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete
4.2.1 Normal Weight Aggregates—Specification C33.
Masonry Units and Related Units
4.2.2 Lightweight Aggregates—Specification C331.
4.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete—
1 Specification C979.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.4 Other Constituents—Otherconstituentmaterialsshallbe
C15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
previously established as suitable for use in fly ash units and
Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published July 2014. DOI: 10.1520/
C1790-14 shall conform to applicableASTM standards or shall be shown
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1790−14
by test or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of measured in the same plane. No part of any hole shall be less
the fly ash units or any material customarily used in masonry than ⁄4 in. (19.1 mm) from any edge of the unit.
construction.
7. Finish and Appearance
5. Physical Properties
7.1 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, no more than
5.1 Physical Requirements—At the time of delivery to the
5 % of the units in the shipment shall have finished face(s) that
purchaser, units shall conform to the physical requirements
exhibit one or more of the characteristics described in 7.1.1
prescribed in Table 1. All units shall be sound and free of
through 7.1.3.
cracks or other defects that interfere with the proper placement
7.1.1 Units containing chips larger than ⁄2 in. (12.5 mm) in
of the units or significantly impair the strength or permanence
any dimension.
of the construction. Minor cracks incidental to the usual
7.1.2 Units containing cracks wider than 0.02 in. (0.5 mm)
method of manufacture or minor chipping resulting from
and longer than 25 % of the nominal height of the unit.
customary methods of handling in shipment and delivery are
7.1.3 Broken units.
not grounds for rejection.
NOTE 5—Units specified to have particular features or finishes, such as
5.2 Strength—When bricks are required having strengths split face and tumbled units, should not be rejected based on the
conformance of such features to the requirements of 7.1.1.
greaterthanprescribedbythisspecification,thepurchasershall
specify the desired minimum compressive strength.
7.2 The finished face(s) of units shall not show imperfec-
tions except as permitted in 7.1.1 though 7.1.2 when viewed
5.3 Durability—Freeze-thaw durability shall be demon-
from a distance of 20 ft under diffused lighting.
strated by test.The units shall be tested in accordance with 8.5.
The average mass loss of al
...

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1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ABSTRACT
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SCOPE
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1.5.1 This standard and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.  
1.6 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C652-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hollow building brick and hollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion. Hollow brick shall be understood to mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cross-sectional area (solid area) in any plane parallel to the surface, containing the cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. The bricks are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements specified. Bricks that are colored by flashing or textured by sanding, where sand does not form a continuous coating, shall not be considered as surface-colored brick. Hollow bricks require greater shell and web thicknesses and higher minimum compressive strength than structural clay tile, but permit greater void area and lesser distance from exposed edge to core hole than solid brick. Therefore, environmental and structural performance may be different in elements constructed of hollow brick from those constructed of structural clay tile or solid brick. The hollow bricks can be classified into Grades SW and MW according to their degree of resistance to frost action and disintegration by weathering. According to their physical properties, the bricks can be classified into Types HBS, HBX, HBA, and HBB. In terms of size of void areas or hollow spaces, the bricks can be designated into Classes H40V and H60V. The brick shall be free of defects, deficiencies, and surface treatments, including coatings, that would interfere with the proper laying of the brick or significantly impair the strength or performance of the construction. Physical properties like compressive strength, water absorption, saturation coefficient, breakage, and cracks shall be determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hollow building brick and hollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion; intended for use in masonry supplying structural and/or facing components to the structure. In this specification, the term hollow brick shall be understood to mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cross-sectional area (solid area) in any plane parallel to the surface containing the cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane (see 4.3).  
1.2 The requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining compliance with the requirements of this specification is beyond the intent of this standard.  
1.3 This specification does not cover brick intended for use as paving brick (see Specification C902).  
1.4 Brick covered by this specification are ceramic products manufactured primarily from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. Additives or recycled materials are permitted to be included at the option of the manufacturer. (See “firing” and “firing bond” in Terminology C1232.)  
1.4.1 This specification and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.  
1.5 Four types of hollow brick in each of two grades and two classes are covered.  
1.6 Hollow brick differ from unglazed structural clay tile (Specifications C34 and C212) and solid brick (Specifications C62 and C216). Hollow brick require greater...

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