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ASTM D3453-20

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Urethane for Furniture and Automotive Cushioning, Bedding, and Similar Applications

Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Urethane for Furniture and Automotive Cushioning, Bedding, and Similar Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible cellular urethane materials intended for such uses as inserts for furniture cushions, mattresses, and similar applications. The material and dimensional requirements and methods of tests for specific properties of load bearing, compression set, humid age resistance, pounding fatigue resistance, support factor and resilience are prescribed. This specification covers eight grades of flexible cellular material that may be selected for use in accordance with load bearing and general physical properties, four grades based on pounding-fatigue properties, and three grades based on cushioning performance properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible cellular urethane materials intended for such uses as inserts for furniture cushions, mattresses, and similar applications.  
1.2 This specification provides material and dimensional requirements and methods of tests for specific properties of load bearing, compression set, humid age resistance, pounding fatigue resistance, support factor and resilience.  
1.3 This specification includes references to government regulations for burning characteristics of flexible cellular material used in specified applications.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no equivalent ISO standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2020
ICS
83.100 - Cellular materials
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.22 - Cellular Materials - Plastics and Elastomers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D1968-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper Products
Effective Date
01-Sep-2020

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ASTM D3453-20 - Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Urethane for Furniture and Automotive Cushioning, Bedding, and Similar ApplicationsASTM D3453-20 - Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Urethane for Furniture and Automotive Cushioning, Bedding, and Similar Applications
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REDLINE ASTM D3453-20 - Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Urethane for Furniture and Automotive Cushioning, Bedding, and Similar ApplicationsREDLINE ASTM D3453-20 - Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Urethane for Furniture and Automotive Cushioning, Bedding, and Similar Applications
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REDLINE ASTM D3453-20 - Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Urethane for Furniture and Automotive Cushioning, Bedding, and Similar Applications
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D3453 −20
Standard Specification for
Flexible Cellular Materials—Urethane for Furniture and
1
Automotive Cushioning, Bedding, and Similar Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3453; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab,
Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
1.1 This specification covers flexible cellular urethane ma-
D3675 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Flexible
terials intended for such uses as inserts for furniture cushions,
Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
mattresses, and similar applications.
3
2.2 Federal Documents:
1.2 This specification provides material and dimensional
16CFR1632 (Previously Doc FF4-72) Standard for the
requirements and methods of tests for specific properties of
Flammability of Mattresses and Mattress Pads
load bearing, compression set, humid age resistance, pounding
16CFR1633 Standard for the Flammability (Open Flame) of
fatigue resistance, support factor and resilience.
Mattress Sets
49CFR571.302 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards,
1.3 This specification includes references to government
regulations for burning characteristics of flexible cellular Flammability of Interior Materials
14CFR25.853 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category
material used in specified applications.
Airplanes, Compartment Interiors (DOT Federal Aviation
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Regulation, (FAR), Part 25.853), Paragraph (b), and Ap-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
pendix F
only.
Simplified Practice Recommendations R2-62 Bedding Prod-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ucts and Components (Mattresses, Springs, Bedsteads,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4
and Cots)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3. Classification
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Thisspecificationcoverseightgradesofflexiblecellular
material that have been selected for use in accordance with
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
load bearing and general physical properties, Table 1; four
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
grades based on pounding-fatigue properties, Table 2; three
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
grades based on cushioning performance properties, Table 3.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Basis of Purchase
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 Any product represented as complying with this speci-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fication shall meet all the requirements listed herein for its
particular classification.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Burning Characteristics
5.1 Several fire performance requirements applicable to
flexible cellular materials can be found in regulations, codes
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
and specifications, including the following (which is provided
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular
for information purposes but is not intended to be a compre-
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally
hensive list).
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3453 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/D3453-20.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromtheSuperintendentofDocuments,U.S.GovernmentPublishing
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Office, Washington, DC 20402, http://www.govinfo.gov, http://www.ecfr.gov.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the Clearing House for Federal Scientific and Technical
the ASTM website. Information, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22151.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3453−
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3453 − 12 D3453 − 20
Standard Specification for
Flexible Cellular Materials—Urethane for Furniture and
1
Automotive Cushioning, Bedding, and Similar Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3453; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers flexible cellular urethane materials intended for such uses as inserts for furniture cushions,
mattresses, and similar applications.
1.2 This specification provides material and dimensional requirements and methods of tests for specific properties of load bearing,
compression set, humid age resistance, pounding fatigue resistance, support factor and resilience.
1.3 This specification includes references to government regulations for burning characteristics of flexible cellular material used
in specified applications.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
D3675 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plastics
and Elastomers.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012Sept. 1, 2020. Published November 2012September 2020. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20072012
as D3453 - 07.D3453 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D3453-12.10.1520/D3453-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3453 − 20
3
2.2 OtherFederal Documents:
16CFR1632 (Previously DoC FF4-72),Doc FF4-72) Standard for the Flammability of Mattresses and Mattress Pads
16CFR1633 Standard for the Flammability (Open Flame) of Mattress Sets
FMVSS 30249CFR571.302 DoTFederal Motor Vehicle Safety StandardStandards, Flammability of Interior Materials
DOT Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR), Part 25.853,14CFR25.853 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes,
Compartment Interiors (DOT Federal Aviation Regulation, (FAR), Part 25.853), Paragraph (b), and Appendix F
4
Simplified Practice Recommendations R2-62 Bedding Products and Components (Mattresses, Springs, Bedsteads, and Cots)
3. Classification
3.1 This specification covers eight grades of flexible cellular material that have been selected for use in accordance with load
bearing and general physical properties, Table 1; four grades based on pounding-fatigue properties, Table 2; three grades based on
cushioning performance properties, Table 3.
4. Basis of Purchase
4.1 Any product represented as complying with this specification shall meet all the requirements listed herein for its particular
classification.
5. Burning Characteristics
5.1 Table 4 lists applicable government regulations on burning characteristics of material used in specified applications. Several
fire performance requirements applicable to flexible cellular materi
...

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5.1 Tests made on materials herein prescribed have the potential to give considerable value in comparing physical properties of different materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, and as a basis for writing specifications.  
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This test method establishes standard procedure for determining the tensile and tensile adhesion properties of rigid cellular plastics in the form of test specimens of standard shape under defined conditions of temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed. Tensile properties shall be measured using any of three types of specimens: Type A shall be the preferred specimen in those cases where enough sample material exists to form the necessary specimen; Type B shall be the preferred specimen when only smaller specimens are available, as in sandwich panels, etc.; Type C shall be the preferred specimen for the determination of tensile adhesive properties of a cellular plastic to a substrate as in a sandwich panel or the bonding strength of a cellular plastic to a single substrate. This test method requires the use of the following apparatuses: a constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement type testing machine; self-aligning type grips for holding test specimens; an extension indicator; and a lathe specimen cutter.
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1.2.3 Type C shall be the preferred specimen for the determination of tensile adhesive properties of a cellular plastic to a substrate as in a sandwich panel (top and bottom substrate) or the bonding strength of a cellular plastic to a single substrate.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides information regarding the behavior of cellular materials under compressive loads. Test data is obtained, and from a complete load-deformation curve it is possible to compute the compressive stress at any load (such as compressive stress at proportional-limit load or compressive strength at maximum load) and to compute the effective modulus of elasticity.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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ASTM D3675-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use when measuring surface flammability of flexible cellular materials exposed to fire. The test method provides a laboratory test procedure for measuring and comparing the surface flammability of materials when exposed to a prescribed level of radiant heat energy. The test is conducted using specimens that are representative, to the extent possible, of the material or assembly being evaluated. For example, if an assembly is required to be tested, such specimens shall replicate the type and thickness of all the layers present in the assembly being evaluated.  
5.2 The rate at which flames will travel along surfaces depends upon the physical and thermal properties of the material, product, or assembly under test, the specimen mounting method and orientation, the type and level of fire or heat exposure, the availability of air, and properties of the surrounding enclosure. (1-6)4, 5  
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5.3.1 The pilot burner in this test method is different from the pilot burner in Test Method E162.  
5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory fire test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.  
5.5 If the test results obtained by this test method are to be considered as part of an overall assessment of fire hazard in a building or structure, then the criteria, concepts and procedures incorporated into Guide E1546 shall be taken into consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire test response standard.  
1.2 This test method describes the measurement of surface flammability of flexible cellular materials.  
1.3 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not, by itself, incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 Specific information about hazards is given in Section 7.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units, in parentheses, are for information only and are approximations (see also IEEE/ASTM SI-10).  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D3768-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Microcellular Urethanes—Flexural Recovery

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to indicate the ability of a material to recover after a 180° bend around a 12.7-mm (0.5-in.) diameter mandrel at room temperature.  
4.2 Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to any specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, or dimensions, or combination thereof, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in these test methods. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
Note 2: This test method is applicable to solid urethanes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure and apparatus for measuring the flexural recovery of microcellular urethanes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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