ASTM D5574-94(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Establishing Allowable Mechanical Properties of Wood-Bonding Adhesives for Design of Structural Joints
Standard Test Methods for Establishing Allowable Mechanical Properties of Wood-Bonding Adhesives for Design of Structural Joints
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Safe and reliable mechanical properties for adhesives are necessary to achieve the full structural benefit of adhesives in bonded structural components and assemblies.
An adhesive's properties exhibit a natural variation or distribution of values. The allowable design stress for an adhesive must be adjusted to allow for variability and environmental effects to ensure human safety and prevent premature failure of costly structures.
Modification factors can be applied to the allowable design stress by the design engineer as deemed appropriate for the expected service conditions of the adhesive, or in accordance with the requirements of a building code.
The allowable properties developed under these methods apply only to the actual adhesive formulation tested and analyzed.
The allowable properties developed for a given adhesive shall apply only to adhesive bondlines with thicknesses in the range for which data is available.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the principles for establishing allowable mechanical properties for adhesives that can be used to design adhesive-bonded joints for structural components and assemblies of wood or wood with other materials. These test methods are modeled after Practice D245.
1.2 The properties determined are allowable shear stress, allowable tensile stress, and allowable shear modulus.
1.3 In determination of allowable shear- and tensile-stress levels, these test methods are limited by the horizontal shear and tension perpendicular-to-the-grain capacity of the wood adherends (hard maple, Acer saccharum, Marsh.). The adhesives so tested may actually have shear or tensile allowable stresses exceeding the wood, but the determined allowable design stress levels are limited (upper bounded) by the wood in these test methods. If a wood other than hard maple is used for testing the adhesive, then the allowable strengths are upper bounded by the properties of that particular wood.
1.4 The strength properties are determined by standard ASTM test methods. As a result, only procedural variations from the standards and special directions for applying the results are given in these test methods.
1.5 Time-to-failure data derived from creep-rupture testing (see Test Method D4680) provide a measure of the ultimate strength of an adhesive bond as a function of time at various levels of temperature and moisture.
1.5.1 With proper caution, useful service life at a given shear stress level may be extrapolated from relatively short loading periods.
1.6 The resistance of the adhesive to permanent loss of properties due to aging (permanence) is assessed by means of strength tests after constant elevated-temperature and moisture aging of test specimens.
1.6.1 If the subject adhesives will be used to bond wood that has been treated with a preservative, fire retardant, or any other chemical to modify its properties, then the permanence of the adhesive shall be tested using wood adherends treated in the same manner.
1.7 Factors for durability, permanence, and creep derived by shear tests and analysis, are assumed to apply to tension (normal-to-the-bond) strength as well.
1.8 Requirements for production, inspection, and certification of adhesives evaluated under these test methods are not included.
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5574 − 94 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Methods for
Establishing Allowable Mechanical Properties of Wood-
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Bonding Adhesives for Design of Structural Joints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5574; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6.1 Ifthesubjectadhesiveswillbeusedtobondwoodthat
has been treated with a preservative, fire retardant, or any other
1.1 These test methods cover the principles for establishing
chemical to modify its properties, then the permanence of the
allowable mechanical properties for adhesives that can be used
adhesive shall be tested using wood adherends treated in the
todesignadhesive-bondedjointsforstructuralcomponentsand
same manner.
assemblies of wood or wood with other materials. These test
1.7 Factorsfordurability,permanence,andcreepderivedby
methods are modeled after Practice D245.
shear tests and analysis, are assumed to apply to tension
1.2 The properties determined are allowable shear stress,
(normal-to-the-bond) strength as well.
allowable tensile stress, and allowable shear modulus.
1.8 Requirements for production, inspection, and certifica-
1.3 In determination of allowable shear- and tensile-stress
tion of adhesives evaluated under these test methods are not
levels, these test methods are limited by the horizontal shear
included.
and tension perpendicular-to-the-grain capacity of the wood
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
adherends (hard maple, Acer saccharum, Marsh.). The adhe-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
sives so tested may actually have shear or tensile allowable
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
stresses exceeding the wood, but the determined allowable
and are not considered standard.
design stress levels are limited (upper bounded) by the wood in
these test methods. If a wood other than hard maple is used for
2. Referenced Documents
testing the adhesive, then the allowable strengths are upper
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bounded by the properties of that particular wood.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-
1.4 The strength properties are determined by standard
lated Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber
ASTM test methods. As a result, only procedural variations
D897 Test Method for Tensile Properties ofAdhesive Bonds
from the standards and special directions for applying the
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
results are given in these test methods.
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
1.5 Time-to-failure data derived from creep-rupture testing
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
(see Test Method D4680) provide a measure of the ultimate
D1101 Test Methods for Integrity of Adhesive Joints in
strength of an adhesive bond as a function of time at various
Structural Laminated Wood Products for Exterior Use
levels of temperature and moisture.
D1151 Practice for Effect of Moisture and Temperature on
1.5.1 With proper caution, useful service life at a given
Adhesive Bonds
shear stress level may be extrapolated from relatively short
D2555 PracticeforEstablishingClearWoodStrengthValues
loading periods.
D2559 Specification for Adhesives for Bonded Structural
Wood Products for Use Under Exterior Exposure Condi-
1.6 The resistance of the adhesive to permanent loss of
tions
properties due to aging (permanence) is assessed by means of
D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Struc-
strength tests after constant elevated-temperature and moisture
tural Wood and Wood-Based Products
aging of test specimens.
D3931 Test Method for Determining Strength of Gap-Filling
Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
Adhesives and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on Construc-
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tion Adhesives. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5574 – 94 (2005). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5574-94R12. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5574 − 94 (2012)
D3983 Test Method for Measuring Strength and Shear 3.2.3 basic shear strength, n—a near minimum value of the
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