ASTM G73-10(2021)

Standard Test Method for Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Erosion Environments—This test method may be used for evaluating the erosion resistance of materials for service environments where solid surfaces are subjected to repeated impacts by liquid drops or jets. Occasionally, liquid impact tests have also been used to evaluate materials exposed to a cavitating liquid environment. The test method is not intended nor applicable for evaluating or predicting the resistance of materials against erosion due to solid particle impingement, due to “impingement corrosion” in bubbly flows, due to liquids or slurries “washing” over a surface, or due to continuous high-velocity liquid jets aimed at a surface. For background on various forms of erosion and erosion tests, see Refs (1) through (2).4 Ref (3) is an excellent comprehensive treatise.  
5.2 Discussion of Erosion Resistance—Liquid impingement erosion and cavitation erosion are, broadly speaking, similar processes and the relative resistance of materials to them is similar. In both, the damage is associated with repeated, small-scale, high-intensity pressure pulses acting on the solid surface. The precise failure mechanisms in the solid have been shown to differ depending on the material, and on the detailed nature, scale, and intensity of the fluid-solid interactions (Note 1). Thus, “erosion resistance” should not be regarded as one precisely-definable property of a material, but rather as a complex of properties whose relative importance may differ depending on the variables just mentioned. (It has not yet been possible to successfully correlate erosion resistance with any independently measurable material property.) For these reasons, the consistency between relative erosion resistance as measured in different facilities or under different conditions is not very good. Differences between two materials of say 20 % or less are probably not significant: another test might well show them ranked in reverse order. For bulk materials such as metals and structural plastics, the...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers tests in which solid specimens are eroded or otherwise damaged by repeated discrete impacts of liquid drops or jets. Among the collateral forms of damage considered are degradation of optical properties of window materials, and penetration, separation, or destruction of coatings. The objective of the tests may be to determine the resistance to erosion or other damage of the materials or coatings under test, or to investigate the damage mechanisms and the effect of test variables. Because of the specialized nature of these tests and the desire in many cases to simulate to some degree the expected service environment, the specification of a standard apparatus is not deemed practicable. This test method gives guidance in setting up a test, and specifies test and analysis procedures and reporting requirements that can be followed even with quite widely differing materials, test facilities, and test conditions. It also provides a standardized scale of erosion resistance numbers applicable to metals and other structural materials. It serves, to some degree, as a tutorial on liquid impingement erosion.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2021
• ICS: 19.060 - Mechanical testing
• ICS: 77.060 - Corrosion of metals
• Technical Committee: G02 - Wear and Erosion
• Drafting Committee: G02.10 - Erosion by Solids and Liquids

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: G73 − 10 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
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Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG73;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 This test method covers tests in which solid specimens 2.1 ASTM Standards:
are eroded or otherwise damaged by repeated discrete impacts D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
of liquid drops or jets. Among the collateral forms of damage of Transparent Plastics
considered are degradation of optical properties of window E92Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hard-
materials, and penetration, separation, or destruction of coat- ness of Metallic Materials
ings. The objective of the tests may be to determine the E140Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship
resistance to erosion or other damage of the materials or Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
coatings under test, or to investigate the damage mechanisms Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-
and the effect of test variables. Because of the specialized scope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
natureofthesetestsandthedesireinmanycasestosimulateto E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
some degree the expected service environment, the specifica- ASTM Test Methods
tionofastandardapparatusisnotdeemedpracticable.Thistest E179Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for
method gives guidance in setting up a test, and specifies test Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties
andanalysisproceduresandreportingrequirementsthatcanbe of Materials
followed even with quite widely differing materials, test G1Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
facilities, and test conditions. It also provides a standardized sion Test Specimens
scale of erosion resistance numbers applicable to metals and G32Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory
other structural materials. It serves, to some degree, as a Apparatus
tutorial on liquid impingement erosion. G40Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
G134Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavi-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
tating Liquid Jet
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
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2.2 Military Standards:
providedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard.
MIL-C-83231Coatings, Polyurethane, Rain Erosion Resis-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tance for Exterior Aircraft and Missile Plastic Parts
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
MIL-P-8184Plastic Sheet, Acrylic, Modified
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 See Terminology G40 for definitions of terms that are
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
notdefinedbelowineither3.2or3.3.Definitionsappearin3.2
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
that are taken from Terminology G40 for important terms
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
related to the title, Scope, or Summary of this test method.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Definitions of Terms Specific to this Test Method are given in
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.3 that are not in Terminology G40.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.10 on Erosion by contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Solids and Liquids. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
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approvedin1982.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2017asG73–10(2017).DOI: Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
10.1520/G0073-10R21. Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
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G73 − 10 (2021)
3.2 Definitions: a specified reference mat
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