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ASTM C109/C109M-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)

Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means of determining the compressive strength of hydraulic cement and other mortars and results may be used to determine compliance with specifications. Further, this test method is referenced by numerous other specifications and test methods. Caution must be exercised in using the results of this test method to predict the strength of concretes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars, using 2-in. or [50-mm] cube specimens.
Note 1 - Test Method C 349 provides an alternative procedure for this determination (not to be used for acceptance tests).
1.2 This test method covers the application of the test using either inch-pound or SI units. The values stated in either system shall be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ( Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Aug-2007
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C01 - Cement
Drafting Committee
C01.27 - Strength
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C109/C109M-05 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars(Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Replaced By
ASTM C109/C109M-07e1 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C989/C989M-22 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C348-21 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C183/C183M-23 - Standard Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C719-22 - Standard Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elastomeric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (Hockman Cycle)
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM F1741-22 - Standard Practice for Installation of Machine Spiral Wound Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Liner Pipe for Rehabilitation of Existing Sewers and Conduits
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1093-23 - Standard Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C91/C91M-23 - Standard Specification for Masonry Cement
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C802-14(2022) - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Program to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for Construction Materials
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1928/C1928M-23 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Cementitious Material Mortars (Using 2-in. [50 mm] Cube Specimens)
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1866/C1866M-22 - Standard Specification for Ground-Glass Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1600/C1600M-23 - Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5050-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Commercial Use of Lime Kiln Dusts and Portland Cement Kiln Dusts
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1012/C1012M-18b - Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution
Effective Date
15-Aug-2007

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ASTM C109/C109M-07 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)ASTM C109/C109M-07 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
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ASTM C109/C109M-07 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 109/C 109M – 07
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using
1
2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 109/C 109M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
Cement
1.1 This test method covers determination of the compres-
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
sive strength of hydraulic cement mortars, using 2-in. or
C 230/C 230M SpecificationforFlowTableforUseinTests
[50-mm] cube specimens.
of Hydraulic Cement
NOTE 1—Test Method C 349 provides an alternative procedure for this
C 305 PracticeforMechanicalMixingofHydraulicCement
determination (not to be used for acceptance tests).
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
1.2 This test method covers the application of the test using
C 349 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic-
eitherinch-poundorSIunits.Thevaluesstatedineithersystem
Cement Mortars (Using Portions of Prisms Broken in
shall be regarded separately as standard.Within the text, the SI
Flexure)
units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
independently of the other. Combining values from the two
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in
C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
10, of measurements made in other units.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C 778 Specification for Standard Sand
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C 1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
Testing of Hydraulic Cements
2
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
C 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C 1328 Specification for Plastic (Stucco) Cement
2. Referenced Documents
C 1329 Specification for Mortar Cement
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
C91 Specification for Masonry Cement
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement
3. Summary of Test Method
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.27 on Strength.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2007. Published September 2007. Originally
3.1 Themortarusedconsistsof1partcementand2.75parts
approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 109/C 109M – 05.
of sand proportioned by mass. Portland or air-entraining
2
See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM
portland cements are mixed at specified water/cement ratios.
Standards, Vol 04.01.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Water content for other cements is that sufficient to obtain a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
flow of 110 6 5 in 25 drops of the flow table. Two-inch or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
[50-mm] test cubes are compacted by tamping in two layers.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C 109/C 109M – 07
The cubes are cured one day in the molds and stripped and 1 in. or [13 by 25 mm] and a convenient length of about 5 to
immersed in lime water until tested. 6 in. or [120 to 150 mm]. The tamping face shall be fla
...

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ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
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1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
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ASTM C114-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Specific chemical test methods are grouped as reference test methods and alternative test methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements and are also required for referee analysis in those cases where conformance to chemical specification requirements are questioned. Apparatus and materials for the test method include balance, weights, glassware and laboratory containers, desiccators, filter paper, crucibles, and muffle furnace. Standard reagents for the test method shall be used within the limits of the specification. These reagents shall include purity agents, water, repackaged reagents, concentrated acids and ammonium hydroxide, nonstandardized solutions, and indicator solutions. Sample preparation and general test procedures shall be followed according to the specification. General procedures include sample weighing, taring of crucibles, weighing of ignited residues, volatilization of platinum, chemical analyses, and calculation. Reporting of analyses shall be of the following order: major components, minor components, and separate determinations. Reference test methods and procedures include determination of insoluble residue, silicon dioxide, ammonium hydroxide group, ferric oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur, loss on ignition, sodium and potassium oxides, manganic oxide, chloride, chloroform-soluble organic substances. Alternative test methods and procedures include determination of calcium oxide, calcium dioxide, magnesium oxide, loss on ignition, titanium dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, manganic oxide, and free calcium oxide. The standardization used for qualification and for analysis of each constituent shall be determined by valid curve-fitting procedures.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Any test methods of demonstrated acceptable precision and bias may be used for analysis of hydraulic cements, including analyses for referee and certification purposes, as explained in Section 4. Specific chemical test methods are provided for ease of reference for those desiring to use them. They are grouped as Reference Test Methods and Alternative Test Methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements. The alternative test methods generally provide individual determination of specific analytes and may be used alone or as alternates and determinations within the basic scheme at the option of the analyst and as indicated in the individual method.  
1.2 Contents:    
Section  
Subject    
2  
Referenced Documents  
4  
Description of Referee Analyses  
4.1  
Referee Analyses  
5  
Qualification for Different Analyses  
5.1  
Certified Reference Materials  
5.2  
Requirements for Qualification Testing  
5.3  
Alternative Analyses  
5.4  
Performance Requirements for Rapid Test Methods  
6  
General  
6.1  
Interferences and Limitations  
6.2  
Apparatus and Materials  
6.3  
Reagents  
6.4  
Sample Preparation  
6.5  
General Procedures  
6.6  
Recommended Order for Reporting Analyses    
Reference Test Methods    
7  
Insoluble Residue  
8  
Silicon Dioxide  
8.2  
Cements with Insoluble Residue Less Than 1 %  
8.3  
Cements with Insoluble Residue Greater Than 1 %  
9  
Ammonium Hydroxide Group  
10  
Ferric Oxide  
11  
Phosphorus Pentoxide  
12  
Titanium Dioxide  
13  
Zinc Oxide  
14  
Aluminum Oxide  
15  
Calcium Oxide  
16  
Magnesium Oxide  
17  
Sulfur  
17.1  
Sulfur Trioxide  
17.2  
Sulfide  
18  
Loss On Ignition  
18.1  
Portland Cement  
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ASTM C1157/C1157M-23(Specification)
Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement

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1.1 This performance specification covers hydraulic cements for both general and special applications. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents (see Note 1).
Note 1: There are two related hydraulic cement standards, Specification C150/C150M for portland cement and Specifications C595/C595M for blended cements, both of which contain prescriptive and performance requirements  
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ABSTRACT
This specification pertains to blended hydraulic cements for both general and special applications, using slag or pozzolan, or both, with portland cement or portland cement clinker or slag with lime. These cements are classified into two types: Type IS which is portland blast-furnace slag cement and Type IP which is portland-pozzolan cement. They can also be described according to air-entraining, moderate sulfate resistance, moderate heat of hydration, high sulfate resistance, or low heat of hydration properties. The cement shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed. In addition, the cement shall undergo different tests to determine the following properties: chemical analysis, fineness by sieving, fineness by air-permeability, autoclave expansion, time of setting, air content of mortar, compressive strength, heat of hydration, normal consistency, specific gravity, water requirement, mortar expansions of blended cement and pozzolan, drying shrinkage, activity index with Portland cement, and sulfate resistance.
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This specification covers the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether a processing addition meets the requirement. When proposed addition is accepted for general use in Portland cement, tests shall be made on cements prepared from at least five different clinkers. These clinkers shall represent two Type I cements, one Type II cement, and two Type III cements. Processing additions shall be evaluated by comparing cements containing the addition to otherwise identical cements from the same source without the addition, or containing a processing addition. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete made with cement containing the addition shall be compared with strengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The properties of the materials shall be determined through the following tests in accordance with the following standard: chemical analysis of the cement, compound composition, fineness of cement, normal consistency, time of setting, autoclave expansion, air content of mortar, compressive strength of mortar, and drying shrinkage of mortar.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether a(n) organic or inorganic processing addition, when used in the recommended amount at the option of the cement producer in the manufacture of hydraulic cements, meets the requirements as prescribed by definition in Specifications C150/C150M, C1157/C1157M, C845/C845M, and C595/C595M. The materials listed in the following former ASTM Specifications shall be considered as meeting the organic processing additions requirements of this specification:    
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4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Test Methods C1910/C1910M or other specifications for cements that require carbonation curing. These test methods are based on standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job conditions. All tests are performed with mortar and therefore, the results may not provide a direct correlation of how the tested cementitious material will perform in concrete.  
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1.4 If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide, Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, www.astm.org/COMMIT/Blue_Book.pdf.  
1.5 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement

ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. There are no restrictions on the compositions of the cement or its constituents. The specification classifies cements by type based on specific requirements for very early compressive strength development. The following are the four types of rapid hardening cement: (1) Type URH, ultra rapid hardening for use where high early strength is desired; (2) Type VRH, very rapid hardening for use where very high early strength is desired; (3) Type MRH, medium rapid hardening for use where mid-range hardening high early strength is desired; and (4) Type GRH, general rapid hardening for use when the higher strength properties of a Type VRH or a Type MRH cement is not required. Cement of the type specified shall conform to all of the applicable standard physical requirements for compressive strength and drying shrinkage. Cement shall be tested using the following methods: autoclave expansion; time of setting; compressive strength; drying shrinkage of mortar; heat of hydration; surface resistance; alkali silica resistivity; and expansion in water.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. This is a specification giving performance requirements. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents.  
1.2 The specification classifies cements by type based on specific requirements for very early compressive strength development.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1905/C1905M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Cements that Require Carbonation Curing

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cements that require controlled exposure to carbon dioxide to achieve strength, referred to as carbonation curing. These cements are for use in concrete that does not contain steel reinforcement. There are no restrictions on the constituents of the cement. The producer is required to demonstrate that carbon dioxide is chemically bound by the cement.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.3 If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide, Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, www.astm.org/COMMIT/Blue_Book.pdf.  
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C187-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes with normal consistency, as required for certain standard tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the normal consistency of hydraulic cement.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 1.4 for a specific warning statement.  
1.4 Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C183/C183M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sampling procedures described are intended for use in the procurement of samples of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale. They are not intended as sampling procedures for quality control purposes during manufacturing. The testing procedures outlined cover the amount of testing to be done and provide guidance for reporting on conformance or non-conformance of cements with requirements of purchase specifications.  
4.2 This practice is referenced as the procedure for sampling natural cement (Specification C10/C10M), masonry cement (Specification C91/C91M), portland cement (Specification C150/C150M), blended hydraulic cement (Specification C595/C595M), expansive hydraulic cement (Specification C845/C845M), hydraulic cement based on a performance specification (Specification C1157/C1157M), plastic stucco cement (Specification C1328/C1328M), and mortar cement (Specification C1329/C1329M), and  
4.3 Most building codes and construction specifications require that hydraulic cement to be used in the work meet the applicable requirements of the relevant purchase specifications, such as Specifications C10/C10M, C91/C91M, C150/C150M, C595/C595M, C1157/C1157M, C1328/C1328M, C1329/C1329M, or C845/C845M. If the code or specification requires sampling of the manufactured cement, the provisions given in 4.4 are applicable. Not much cement is sold on the basis of such sampling and testing. A useful discussion of sampling and testing cement is contained in ACI 225.1R.  
4.4 The procedures covered in this practice should be done by or for purchasers of hydraulic cement who are using a code or specification that requires sampling and testing to determine if the samples conform to the relevant acceptance specifications. The testing is done using specified methods to determine whether the samples yield test results that conform to the specification, and the tests serve as a basis for acceptance or rejection of the lot of material ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and for the amount of testing of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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