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ASTM D229-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation

Standard Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides useful engineering information for evaluating the mechanical behavior of rigid electrical insulation at elevated temperature. When the proper exposure and test temperatures are chosen, depending on the material and end-use operating temperature, the test method may be used as one means of indicating relative thermal degradation of rigid insulating materials.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing rigid electrical insulation normally manufactured in flat sheet or plate form. They are generally used as terminal boards, spacers, voltage barriers, and circuit boards.
Note 1—For tests applying to vulcanized fibre reference should be made to Test Methods D 619. Note 2—This standard resembles IEC 60893-2, Specification for Rigid Industrial Laminated Sheets Based On Thermosetting Resins for Electrical Purpose, Methods of Tests.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:TestSectionsASTM Test MethodAcetone extractable matter 83 to 84D 494Arc resistance47 D 495Ash56 to 60 ...Bonding strength49 to 54...Burning rate and flame resistance61 to 75...Compressive strength25 D 695Conditioning4 D 6054Dissipation factor34 to 40D 669Dielectric strength28 to 33D 149Expansion (linear thermal)76D 696Flexural properties12 to 24D 790Hardness (Rockwell)55 D 785Insulation resistance and resistivity41 to 46D 257Permittivity34 to 40D 150Resistance to impact26 D 256Tensile properties7 to 11D 638Thickness5 to 6D 374Tracking resistance48 D 2132Warp or twist77 to 82...Water absorption27 D 570
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units given in these test methods may be approximate.
1.4 This is a fire-test-response standard. See Sections 61 through 75, which are the procedures for burning rate and flame resistance.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 31.1 and 61.5.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2001
ICS
29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general
Technical Committee
D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
Drafting Committee
D09.07 - Electrical Insulating Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D229-96 - Standard Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D229-09 - Standard Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM D638-22 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM D709-17 - Standard Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM F3131-14(2023) - Standard Specification for Epoxy / Cotton Raw Materials for the Use in Bearing Cages
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5948-05(2020) - Standard Specification for Molding Compounds, Thermosetting
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM D619-21 - Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Fibre Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM D2304-23 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Rigid Electrical Insulating Materials
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM D1636-21 - Standard Specification for Allyl Molding Compounds
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5025-20a - Standard Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001

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ASTM D229-01 - Standard Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical InsulationASTM D229-01 - Standard Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation
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ASTM D229-01 - Standard Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D229–01
Standard Test Methods for
Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical
1
Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D229; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing rigid
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
electrical insulation normally manufactured in flat sheet or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
plateform.Theyaregenerallyusedasterminalboards,spacers,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
voltage barriers, and circuit boards.
tionary statements are given in 31.1 and 61.5.
NOTE 1—For tests applying to vulcanized fibre reference should be
made to Test Methods D619.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 2—ThisstandardresemblesIEC60893-2,SpecificationforRigid
2.1 ASTM Standards:
IndustrialLaminatedSheetsBasedOnThermosettingResinsforElectrical
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
Purpose, Methods of Tests.
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:
2
at Commercial Power Frequencies
ASTM
D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-
Test
mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-
Test Sections Method
2
Acetone extractable matter 83 to 84 D 494
tion
Arc resistance 47 D 495
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
Ash 56 to 60 .
3
Impact Resistance of Plastics
Bonding strength 49 to 54 .
Burning rate and flame resistance 61 to 75 .
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
Compressive strength 25 D 695
2
Insulating Materials
Conditioning 4 D 6054
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
Dissipation factor 34 to 40 D 669
2
Dielectric strength 28 to 33 D 149
lation
Expansion (linear thermal) 76 D 696
D494 Test Method for Acetone Extraction of Phenolic
Flexural properties 12 to 24 D 790
4
Hardness (Rockwell) 55 D 785 Molded or Laminated Products
Insulation resistance and resistivity 41 to 46 D 257
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry
Permittivity 34 to 40 D 150
2
Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
Resistance to impact 26 D 256
3
D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
Tensile properties 7 to 11 D 638
Thickness 5 to 6 D 374
D617 TestMethodforPunchingQualityofPhenolicLami-
Tracking resistance 48 D 2132
2
nated Sheets
Warp or twist 77 to 82 .
Water absorption 27 D 570 D619 Test Methods for Vulcanized Fibre Used for Electri-
2
cal Insulation
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
3
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units
D669 Test Method for Dissipation Factor and Permittivity
given in these test methods may be approximate.
Parallel with Laminations of Laminated Sheet and Plate
1.4 This is a fire-test-response standard. See Sections 61
2
Materials
through 75, which are the procedures for burning rate and
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
flame resistance.
3
Plastics
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
3
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2001. Published January 2002. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
4
published as D229–25T. Last previous edition D229–96. Discontinued; see 1991 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D229–01
D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Ex- 3.2.1.4 lengthwise (LW), adj—in the direction of the sheet
pansion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C With a whichisstrongestinflexure.Forsomematerials,includingthe
3
Vitreous Silica Dilatometer rawmaterialsusedforthemanufactureofmaterialsconsidered
D785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and herein, this direction may be designated as the machine
3
Electrical Insulating Materials direction or the warp direction.
D790 TestMethodsforFlexuralPropertiesofUnreinforced 3.2.2 In referring to bonding strength, the foll
...

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5.1 Some electrical properties, such as dielectric strength, vary with the thickness of the material. Determination of certain properties, such as relative permittivity (dielectric constant) and volume resistivity, usually require a knowledge of the thickness. Design and construction of electrical machinery require that the thickness of insulation be known.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the thickness of several types of solid electrical insulating materials employing recommended techniques. Use these test methods except as otherwise required by a material specification.  
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6.1 Method—It is possible that electrical insulation in service will fail as a result of tracking, erosion, or a combination of both, if exposed to high relative humidity and contamination environments. This is particularly true of organic insulations in outdoor applications where the surface of the insulation becomes contaminated by deposits of moisture and dirt, for example, coal dust or salt spray. This test method is an accelerated test that simulates extremely severe outdoor contamination. It is believed that the most severe conditions likely to be encountered in outdoor service in the United States will be relatively mild compared to the conditions specified in this test method.  
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Erosion-susceptible  
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1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate solid electrical insulating materials with respect to their resistance to the action of electric arcs produced by conduction through surface films of a specified contaminant containing moisture. Test Methods D2302, D2303, D3638, and D5288 are also useful to evaluate materials.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no equivalent ISO standard.  
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ASTM D5424-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with smoke obscuration and resulting from burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner.  
5.2 Smoke obscuration quantifies the visibility in fires.  
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5.5.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test method is an adequate representation of the fire behavior of cables in confined spaces, without abundant circulation of air.  
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1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the smoke obscuration resulting from burning electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions.  
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1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.  
1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 Thermal degradation is often a major factor affecting the life of insulating materials and the equipment in which they are used. The temperature index provides a means for comparing the thermal capability of different materials in respect to the degradation of a selected property (the aging criterion). This property needs to directly or indirectly represent functional needs in application. For example, it is possible that a change in dielectric strength will be of direct, functional importance. However, more often it is possible that a decrease in dielectric strength will indirectly indicate the development of undesirable cracking (embrittlement). A decrease in flexural strength has the potential to be of direct importance in some applications, but also has the potential to indirectly indicate a susceptibility to failure in vibration. Often, it is necessary that two or more criteria of failure be used; for example, dielectric strength and flexural strength.  
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1.1 This test method2 provides procedures for evaluating the thermal endurance of rigid electrical insulating materials. Dielectric strength, flexural strength, or water absorption are determined at room temperature after aging for increasing periods of time in air at selected-elevated temperatures. A thermal-endurance graph is plotted using a selected end point at each aging temperature. A means is described for determining a temperature index by extrapolation of the thermal endurance graph to a selected time.  
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5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with heat and smoke release and resulting from burning the materials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables, when made into cables and installed on a vertical cable tray. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner. The ignition source used in this test method is also described as a premixed flame flaming ignition source in Practice E3020, which contains an exhaustive compilation of ignition sources.  
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5.4 Test Limitations:  
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1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of materials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test method nor does it measure the contribution of the materials in those cables to a developing fire condition.  
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.  
1.6 This test equipment is suitable for measuring the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases (see Appendix X4).  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10). The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 During operation of electrical equipment, including wires, resistors, and other conductors, it is possible for overheating to occur under certain conditions of operation, or when malfunctions occur. When this happens, a possible result is ignition of the adjacent insulation material.  
5.2 This test method assesses the susceptibility of electrical insulating materials to ignition as a result of exposure to a glowing wire.  
5.3 This test method determines the minimum temperature required to ignite a material by the effect of a glowing heat source, under the specified conditions of test.  
5.4 This method is suitable, subject to the appropriate limitations of an expected precision of ±15 %, to categorize materials.  
5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
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1.1 This test method covers the minimum temperature required to ignite insulating materials using a glowing heat source. In a preliminary fashion, this test method differentiates between the susceptibilities of different materials with respect to their resistance to ignition due to an electrically-heated source.  
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 mm to 6.4 mm.  
1.3 This test method is not valid for determining the ignition behavior of complete electrotechnical equipment, since the design of the electrotechnical product influences the heat transfer between adjacent parts.  
1.4 This test method measures and describes the response or materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.)For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.  
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 1: Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-12 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) using either test method are technically similar. Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-13 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) using either test method are technically similar.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5374-22a(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Forced-Convection Laboratory Ovens for Evaluation of Electrical Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Ovens used for thermal evaluation of insulating materials are to be capable of maintaining uniform conditions of temperature and air circulation over the extended periods of time that are required for conducting these tests. Specification D5423 specifies the permissible variations from absolute uniformity that have been accepted internationally for these ovens. These test methods include procedures for measuring these variations and other specified characteristics of the ovens.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for evaluating the characteristics of forced-convection ventilated electrically-heated ovens, operating over all or part of the temperature range from 20 °C above the ambient temperature to 500 °C and used for thermal endurance evaluation of electrical insulating materials.  
1.2 These test methods are based on IEC Publication 60216-4-1, and are technically identical to it. This compilation of test methods and an associated specification, D5423, have replaced Specification D2436.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1711-22(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation

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1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of technical terms associated with testing and specifying solid electrical and electronic insulating materials.  
1.2 This terminology standard shall contain all definitions that are balloted specifically through Subcommittee D09.94 and through D09 main committee and that are of general interest to standards associated with electrical and electronic insulating materials. Those definitions shall be of importance to electrical and electronic insulating materials issues but need not be directly associated with a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials.  
1.3 It is intended that all definitions in this terminology standard originating in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 be identical to definitions of the same terms as printed in standards of originating technical subcommittees, with the exceptions of: (1) deletion of any part of the Discussion included in another standard that refers specifically to the use of a term in that standard; (2) figure numbers and corresponding references; and (3) in this terminology standard, a parenthetical addition of a reference to one or more technical standards in which the term is used and the year in which the term was added to this compilation.  
1.3.1 Definitions contained in this terminology standard which did not originate in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09, or which originated in a standard that has since been revised or withdrawn, and that have been appropriately balloted, shall also be included in this terminology standard.  
1.4 It is permissible to include symbols as part of the representation of terms, where appropriate.  
1.5 It is not intended that this terminology standard include symbols (except as noted in 1.4). It is also permissible to include acronyms and abbreviations referring directly to defined terms.  
1.6 Revisions and additions to those definitions in this terminology standard which originate in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 are to be made as a product of a collaborative effort between Subcommittee D09.94 and the corresponding technical subcommittee of Committee D09, with Subcommittee D09.94 providing editorial advice to the technical subcommittees.  
1.7 Each definition in this terminology standard shall be accompanied by the year in which it was first incorporated into the standard, placed at the end in parentheses. All discussions shall also carry a date; it is possible that the discussion date is different from the definition date.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4063-99(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Pressboard for Electrical Insulating Purposes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers pressboard for electrical insulating purposes as well as for dielectrical or structural purposes in transformers and other electrical apparatus. Pressboards under this specification are of three types: Type 1 consists of high-purity (Grade 1.1) calendered pressboards, while Type 2 consists of normal-purity (Grades 2.1.1, 2.2.1, 2.3.1, and 2.3.2) calendered pressboards. Precompressed pressboards (Grades 3.1.1, 3.2.1, and 3.3) fall under Type 3. Not included in this specification, however, are pressboards comprised of two or more sheets laminated together using an adhesive. Pressboards shall be manufactured from unbleached kraft pulp, cotton pulp, or a combination of both, and shall conform to the thickness, density, surface texture (smooth calendered surface for Types1 and 2, and fine-textured finish for Type 3), and color (from tan to blue-gray, depending on the pressboard's grade) requirements specified. The pressboard must also be free of dirt, metal particles, and other foreign material. Tests for apparent density, thickness, moisture and ash content, aqueous extract conductivity, chloride content, tensile strength, pH of aqueous extract, dielectric strength in air and in oil, shrinkage, and compressibility shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers pressboard for electrical insulating purposes, manufactured from kraft, cotton, or kraft and cotton pulps. This board is intended for dielectrical or structural purposes in transformers and other electrical apparatus.  
1.2 Electrical insulating boards are most commonly referred to (and will be referred to herein) as pressboard. Other terms used for pressboard include transformer board, fuller board, and presspan.  
1.3 This specification covers pressboard having a nominal thickness of 0.030 to 0.315 in. (0.8 to 8.0 mm). For thinner material refer to Specification D1305.  
1.4 The maximum thickness available will differ with the type and the manufacturer. The maximum sheet size will differ with the thickness, type, and manufacturer.  
1.5 Pressboard shall normally be plied wet without pasting. Unless specified by the purchaser, this specification does not include pressboard comprised of two or more sheets that have been laminated together using an adhesive.
Note 1: The materials described in this specification are similar to corresponding types of pressboard described in IEC Specification 641-3, Sheet 1, Types B.0.1, B.2.1, B.2.3, B.3.1, and B.3.3.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3394-16(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
19.1 Apparent density affects the dielectric and physical characteristics of insulating board and is a factor in the economics of its use in apparatus. This test is useful for specification, design, and quality control purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of electrical insulating boards. These boards are porous, usually fibrous sheets used for dielectric and structural purposes in electrical apparatus.  
1.2 These test methods are not intended for testing vulcanized fibre or molded laminated sheets.  
1.3 These test methods are applicable to board materials having a nominal thickness of at least 0.030 in. (0.76 mm).  
Note 1: For materials thinner than 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) see Test Methods D202.  
1.4 The test methods appear in the following sections:    
Sections  
ASTM Method
Reference  
Apparent Density  
18 – 23  
Aqueous Extract Characteristics  
36 – 42  
D202  
Ash Content  
43 – 46  
T 413  
Compatibility with Dielectric
Liquids  
47 – 52  
D664, D877, D924,
D971, D974, D1169,
D1500, D1816,
D3455, D3487  
Compressibility  
79 – 85  
Conditioning  
11  
D685  
Degree of Polymerization  
86 – 89  
D4243  
Dielectric Strength in Air  
53 – 59  
D149  
Dielectric Strength in Oil  
60 – 65  
D149, D2413, D3426  
Dimensions of Sheets  
12 – 17  
Moisture Content  
31 – 35  
D644  
Oil Absorption  
72 – 78  
Reports  
10  
Sampling  
6 – 9  
D3636  
Shrinkage  
24 – 30  
D644  
Tensile Properties  
66 – 71  
D202  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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