ASTM D5409/D5409M-93(2010)e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a Groundwater Site; Part TwoPhysical Descriptors (Withdrawn 2019)
Standard Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a Groundwater Site; Part Two<char: emdash>Physical Descriptors (Withdrawn 2019)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Data at groundwater sites are gathered for many purposes. Each of these purposes generally requires a specific set of data elements. For example, when the groundwater quality is of concern not only are the ‘minimum set of data elements’ required for the site, but information concerning the sample collection depth interval, method of collection, and date and time of collection are needed to fully qualify the data. Another group of elements are recommended for each use of the data, such as aquifer characteristics or water-level records. Normally the more information that is gathered about a site by field personnel, the easier it is to understand the groundwater conditions and to reach valid conclusions and interpretations regarding the site.
The data elements listed in this guide and Guides D5408 and D5410 should assist in planning what information can be gathered for a groundwater site and how to document these data.
Note 6—Some important data elements may change during the existence of a site. For example, the elevation of the measuring point used for the measurement of water levels may be modified because of repair or replacement of equipment. This frequently occurs when the measuring point is an opening in the pump and the pump is modified or replaced. Because changes cannot always be anticipated, it is preferable to reference the height of the measuring point to a permanent nearby altitude datum. The measuring point is referenced by being the same altitude (zero correction) or above (negative correction) or below (plus correction) the altitude datum. All appropriate measurements should be corrected in reference to the altitude datum before entry into the permanent record. Care must be exercised to keep the relationship of these data elements consistent throughout the duration of the site.
Some data elements have an extensive list of components or possible entries. For example, the aquifer identification list described in 6.1.8 has over 5000 entries. Length...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers Part Two of three guides to be used in conjunction with Practice D5254 that delineates the data desirable to describe a groundwater data collection or sampling site. This guide identifies physical descriptors, such as construction and geologic elements, for a site. Part One (Guide D5408) describes additional information beyond the minimum set of data elements that may be specified to identify any individual groundwater site, while Part Three identifies usage descriptors, such as monitoring, for an individual groundwater site.
Note 1—A groundwater site is defined as any source, location, or sampling station capable of producing water or hydrologic data from a natural stratum from below the surface of the earth. A source or facility can include a well, spring or seep, and drain or tunnel (nearly horizontal in orientation). Other sources, such as excavations, driven devices, bore holes, ponds, lakes, and sinkholes, that can be shown to be hydraulically connected to the groundwater are appropriate for the use intended.
Note 2—Part One (Guide D5408) includes data confidence classification descriptor (one element), geographic location descriptors (four elements), political regime descriptor (one element), source identifier descriptors (four elements), legal descriptors (nine elements), owner descriptors (two elements), site visit descriptors (three elements), other identification descriptors (two elements), other data descriptors (three elements), and remarks descriptors (three elements). Part Three (Guide D5410) includes monitoring descriptors (77 data elements), irrigation descriptors (four data elements), waste site descriptors (nine data elements), and decommissioning descriptors (eight data elements). For a list of descriptors in this guide, see Section 3.
1.2 These data elements are described in terms used by groundwater hydrologists. Standard references, such as the Glossary of Geology (1...
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5409/D5409M − 93 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Guide for
Set of Data Elements to Describe a Groundwater Site; Part
Two—Physical Descriptors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5409/D5409M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—The units statement in 1.4 and the designation were revised editorially in August 2010.
1. Scope U.S. Geological Survey and used in the National Water
Information Systems computerized data base (1-19).
1.1 ThisguidecoversPartTwoofthreeguidestobeusedin
conjunction with Practice D5254 that delineates the data
NOTE 3—The purpose of this guide is to suggest data elements that can
desirabletodescribeagroundwaterdatacollectionorsampling be collected for groundwater sites. This does not uniquely imply a
computer data base, but rather data elements for entry into any type of
site. This guide identifies physical descriptors, such as con-
permanent file.
struction and geologic elements, for a site. Part One (Guide
NOTE 4—Component and code lists given with some of the data
D5408) describes additional information beyond the minimum
elements, for example “Type of Spring,” are only suggestions. These lists
set of data elements that may be specified to identify any
can be modified, expanded, or reduced for the purpose intended by the
company or agency maintaining the groundwater data file.
individual groundwater site, while Part Three identifies usage
NOTE 5—Use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposes
descriptors, such as monitoring, for an individual groundwater
only and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.
site.
1.3 This guide includes the data elements desirable to
NOTE 1—A groundwater site is defined as any source, location, or
document a groundwater site beyond those given in the
sampling station capable of producing water or hydrologic data from a
“Minimum Set of Data Elements.” Some examples of the data
natural stratum from below the surface of the earth. A source or facility
can include a well, spring or seep, and drain or tunnel (nearly horizontal elements are well depth, contributing aquifer, and permanence
in orientation). Other sources, such as excavations, driven devices, bore
of spring. No single site will need every data element, for
holes, ponds, lakes, and sinkholes, that can be shown to be hydraulically
example, springs do not need well depth and well casing data.
connected to the groundwater are appropriate for the use intended.
Each record (group of related data elements) for a site has
NOTE 2—Part One (Guide D5408) includes data confidence classifica-
mandatory data elements, such as the type of lift for the lift
tion descriptor (one element), geographic location descriptors (four
elements), political regime descriptor (one element), source identifier
record.However,theseelementsareconsiderednecessaryonly
descriptors (four elements), legal descriptors (nine elements), owner
when that specific record is gathered for the site.
descriptors (two elements), site visit descriptors (three elements), other
identification descriptors (two elements), other data descriptors (three
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
elements), and remarks descriptors (three elements). Part Three (Guide
[presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as
D5410) includes monitoring descriptors (77 data elements), irrigation
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
descriptors (four data elements), waste site descriptors (nine data
equivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependently
elements), and decommissioning descriptors (eight data elements). For a
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
list of descriptors in this guide, see Section 3.
result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2 These data elements are described in terms used by
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
groundwater hydrologists. Standard references, such as the
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
Glossary of Geology (1) and various hydrogeologic profes-
(lbf)representsaunitofforce(weight),whiletheunitformass
sional publications, are used to determine these definitions.
isslugs.Therationalizedslugunitisnotgiven,unlessdynamic
Many of the suggested elements and their representative codes
(F = ma) calculations are involved.
are those established by the Water Resources Division of the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5409–93(2004).
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information
DOI: 10.1520/D5409_D5409M-93R10E01.
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
the text. course of action. This document cannot replace education or
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5409/D5409M − 93 (2010)
experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional 4. Summary of Guide
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
4.1 This guide includes the following physical descriptor
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
data elements to describe a groundwater site. Single elements
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
usually need one entry for a site, while repeated elements
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
commonly require several records to fully describe the condi-
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
tions and history of the site.
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
Single Elements:
document means only that the document has been approved
Individual Site Characteristics:
through the ASTM consensus process.
Land Use (in vicinity of site)
Drainage Basin/Watershed
Relationship to Surface Stream/Lake, etc.
2. Referenced Documents
Hole Depth
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Well Depth
Source of Depth Data
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Primary Aquifer
Fluids
Repeated Elements:
D2488Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
Construction Record Group:
Construction Record:
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
Date Construction Began
D5254Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements to
Date Construction Ended
Identify a Ground-Water Site
Name of Contractor
Source of Construction Data
D5408Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a
Method of Construction
Groundwater Site; Part One—Additional Identification
Type of Drilling Fluid
Descriptors Volume of Drilling Fluid
Type of Finish
D5410Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a
Type of Seal
Ground-Water Site;Part Three—Usage Descriptors
Depth to Bottom of Seal
Method of Development
Length of Time of Development
3. Terminology
Volume of Liquid Removed During Development
3.1 Definitions: Special Treatment
Hole Record:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms applicable to this guide, see
Depth to Top of the Hole Interval
Terminology D653.
Depth to Bottom of the Hole Interval
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Diameter of the Hole Interval
Casing Record:
3.2.1 code—a suggested abbreviation for a component, for
Depth to Top of the Cased Interval
example, “G” is the code suggested for the galvanized iron
Depth to Bottom of the Cased Interval
Diameter of the Cased Interval
component of data element casing material.
Casing Material
3.2.2 component—a subdivision of a data element, for
Casing Thickness
Opening or Screen Record:
example, galvanized iron is one of 30 components suggested
Depth to Top of the Open Interval
for data element casing material.
Depth to Bottom of the Open Interval
Diameter of the Open Interval
3.2.3 data element—an individual segment of information
Type of Material in the Open/Screened Interval
about a groundwater site, for example, casing material. The
Type of Openings in the Open Interval
data element is in the Casing Record record.
Length of Openings
Width of Openings
3.2.4 record—asetofrelateddataelementsthatmayneedto
Mesh of Screen
be repeated to fully describe a groundwater site. For example,
Packing Material
Size of Packing Material
a well that consists of several diameters of casing from the top
Thickness of Packing Material
end to the bottom will need more than one Casing Record
Depth to Top and Bottom of Packing Material
record(therecordincludesdataelementsdepthtotop,depthto
Repairs Record:
Date of Repairs
bottom, diameter, casing material, and casing thickness) to
Nature of Repairs
fully describe the construction of the well. However, if only a
Name of Contractor Who Made Repairs
single size of casing is used in the well, the record is utilized
Percent Change in Performance After Repairs
Special Cases Record:
once.
Well Clusters:
3.2.5 record group—a set of related records. For example,
Number of Wells in Cluster
Depth of Deepest Well in Cluster
the lift record group includes the lift record, power record, and
Depth of Shallowest Well in Cluster
standbyrecord.Somerecordgroupsconsistofonlyonerecord,
Diameter of Well Cluster
for example, the spring record group includes only the spring
Collector Well/Laterals:
Number of Laterals in Collector Well
record.
Depth of Laterals in Collector Well
Length of Laterals in Collector Well
Diameter of Laterals in Collector Well
Mesh of Screen in Laterals
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Ponds:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Length of Pond
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Width of Pond
the ASTM website.
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D5409/D5409M − 93 (2010)
Depth of Pond Barometric or Tidal Efficiency
Volume of Pond Porosity
Tunnel or Drain: Specific Capacity
Length of Tunnel or Drain Method Used to Determine Aquifer Characteristics
Width of Tunnel or Drain Availability of File of Detailed Results
Depth of Tunnel or Drain Spring Record Group:
Bearing (Azimuth) Tunnel or Drain Spring Record:
Dip of Tunnel or Drain Name of Spring
Lift Record Group: Type of Spring
Lift Record: Permanence of Spring
Type of Lift Sphere of Discharge
Date Permanent Lift was Installed Discharge
Depth of Intake Date of Discharge
Manufacturer of Lift Device Improvements
Serial Number Number of Spring Openings
Pump Rating Flow Variability
Power Record: Accuracy of Flow Variability
Type of Power Magnitude of Spring
Horsepower Rating
Name of Power Company 5. Significance and Use
Power-Company Account Number
5.1 Data at groundwater sites are gathered for many pur-
Power-Meter Number
Standby Lift Record:
poses. Each of these purposes generally requires a specific set
Additional Lift
of data elements. For example, when the groundwater quality
Name of Company that Maintains Lift
is of concern not only are the ‘minimum set of data elements’
Rated Pump Capacity
Type of Standby Power
required for the site, but information concerning the sample
Horsepower of Standby Power Source
collection depth interval, method of collection, and date and
Geologic Record Group:
time of collection are needed to fully qualify the data.Another
Geophysical Log Record:
Date of Log
group of elements are recommended for each use of the data,
Type of Log
suchasaquifercharacteristicsorwater-levelrecords.Normally
Depth to Top of Logged Interval
the more information that is gathered about a site by field
Depth to Bottom of Logged Interval
Source of Log Data
personnel, the easier it is to understand the groundwater
Geohydrologic Unit Record:
conditions and to reach valid conclusions and interpretations
Aquifer Unit(s)
Contributing Unit regarding the site.
Depth to Top of Interval
5.2 ThedataelementslistedinthisguideandGuidesD5408
Depth to Bottom of Interval
Lithology and D5410 should assist in planning what information can be
Description of Material
gathered for a groundwater site and how to document these
Sample/Unconsolidated Material Record:
data.
Sample Weight
Sample Interval
NOTE 6—Some important data elements may change during the
Particle Size
existenceofasite.Forexample,theelevationofthemeasuringpointused
Percent of Total Sample
for the measurement of water levels may be modified because of repair or
Particle Shape
Mineralogy replacement of equipment. This frequently occurs when the measuring
Sample/Consolidated Material Record:
point is an opening in the pump and the pump is modified or replaced.
Drill Cuttings or Core
Becausechangescannotalwaysbeanticipated,itispreferabletoreference
Sample Size (Weight)
the height of the measuring point to a permanent nearby altitude datum.
Sample Interval
The measuring point is referenced by being the same altitude (zero
Mineralogy
correction) or above (negative correction) or below (plus correction) the
Core Length
altitude datum. All appropriate measurements should be corrected in
Core Diameter
reference to the altitude datum before entry into the permanent record.
Core Recovery-Percent
Care must be exercised to keep the relationship of these data elements
Bedding
Structure consistent throughout the duration of the site.
Porosity
5.3 Some data elements have an extensive list of compo-
Hydraulic Record Group:
Hydraulics Record: nents or possible entries. For example, the aquifer identifica-
Hydraulic/Aquifer Unit
tion list described in 6.1.8 has over 5000 entries. Lengthy lists
Hydraulic/Aquifer Unit Type
of possible entries are not included in this guide, however,
Depth to Top of Unit
Depth to Bottom of Unit information on where to obtain these components is included
Static Water Level
with the specific data element.
Measurement Date and Time
Unit Contribution
NOTE 7—This guide identifies other sources, lists, etc., of information
Aquifer Parameters Record:
required to completely document information about any groundwater site.
Transmissivity
Horizontal Hydraulic Conductivity
6. Documentation of Individual Site Characteristics
Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity
Coefficient of Storage
6.1
...
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