ASTM D5995-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Environmental Site Investigation in Cold Regions
Standard Guide for Environmental Site Investigation in Cold Regions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide, when used in conjunction with Guide D5730, provides direction to the selection of the various ASTM standards that are available for the investigation of soil, rock, the vadose zone, groundwater, and other media where the investigations have an environmental purpose and are conducted in cold regions of the world. It is intended to improve consistency of practice and to encourage rational planning of a site characterization program by providing information to assist in the design of an environmental reconnaissance or investigation plans. This guide is intended to provide information that will help reduce as much as possible the effect of site investigation operations on areas of frozen ground or permafrost and increase the safety of environmental operations in cold regions.
4.2 This guide presents information and references for site characterization for environmental purposes in cold regions of the world.
SCOPE
1.1 Understanding environmental processes that occur in soil and rock systems in cold regions of the world depends on adequate characterization of not only the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil and rock but also the climatic factors under which they exist. Processes of interest may include, but are not limited to, surface and subsurface hydrology, contaminant mobilization, distribution, fate and transport, chemical and biological degradation of wastes, geomorphological, and ecological processes in general.
1.2 This guide should be used in conjunction with Guide D5730.
1.3 This guide describes special problems to be considered when planning field investigations in cold regions. The primary focus of this guide is presenting the special problems and concerns of site characterization in the cold regions of the world.
1.4 Laboratory testing of soil, rock, and groundwater samples is specified by other ASTM standards that are not specifically discussed in this guide. Laboratory methods for measurement of physical properties relevant to environmental investigations are included in Guide D5730.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This guide emphasizes the care that must be taken by all field personnel during operations in tundra and permafrost areas of the world.
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5995 − 18
Standard Guide for
1
Environmental Site Investigation in Cold Regions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5995; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
1.1 Understanding environmental processes that occur in
document means only that the document has been approved
soil and rock systems in cold regions of the world depends on
through the ASTM consensus process.
adequate characterization of not only the physical, chemical,
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and biological properties of soil and rock but also the climatic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
factors under which they exist. Processes of interest may
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
include, but are not limited to, surface and subsurface
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
hydrology, contaminant mobilization, distribution, fate and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
transport, chemical and biological degradation of wastes,
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
geomorphological, and ecological processes in general.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 This guide should be used in conjunction with Guide
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D5730.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3 This guide describes special problems to be considered
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
whenplanningfieldinvestigationsincoldregions.Theprimary
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
focus of this guide is presenting the special problems and
concerns of site characterization in the cold regions of the
2. Referenced Documents
world.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 Laboratory testing of soil, rock, and groundwater
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
samples is specified by other ASTM standards that are not
Fluids
specifically discussed in this guide. Laboratory methods for
D4083 Practice for Description of Frozen Soils (Visual-
measurement of physical properties relevant to environmental
Manual Procedure)
investigations are included in Guide D5730.
D5254/D5254M Practice for Minimum Set of Data Ele-
ments to Identify a Groundwater Site
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D5408 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a
standard.
Groundwater Site; Part One—Additional Identification
1.6 This guide emphasizes the care that must be taken by all
Descriptors
field personnel during operations in tundra and permafrost
D5409/D5409M Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe
areas of the world.
a Groundwater Site; Part Two—Physical Descriptors
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information D5410 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
Groundwater Site;Part Three—Usage Descriptors (With-
3
course of action. This document cannot replace education or drawn 2016)
experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional
D5730 Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone
3
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
and Groundwater (Withdrawn 2013)
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of D5781/D5781M Guide for Use of Dual-Wall Reverse-
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
Circulation Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration
1 2
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoilandRock For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Characterization. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5995–98(2010). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D5995-18. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Bar
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5995 − 98 (Reapproved 2010) D5995 − 18
Standard Guide for
Environmental Site CharacterizationInvestigation in Cold
1
Regions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5995; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Understanding environmental processes that occur in soil and rock systems in cold regions of the
world depends on adequate characterization of not only the physical, chemical, and biological
properties of soil and rock but also the climatic factors under which they exist. Processes of interest
may include, but are not limited to, surface and subsurface hydrology, contaminant mobilization,
distribution, fate and transport, chemical and biological degradation of wastes, geomorphological, and
ecological processes in general.
1. Scope
1.1 Understanding environmental processes that occur in soil and rock systems in cold regions of the world depends on adequate
characterization of not only the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil and rock but also the climatic factors under
which they exist. Processes of interest may include, but are not limited to, surface and subsurface hydrology, contaminant
mobilization, distribution, fate and transport, chemical and biological degradation of wastes, geomorphological, and ecological
processes in general.
1.2 Use this guide This guide should be used in conjunction with Guide D5730.
1.3 This guide describes special problems to be considered when planning field investigations in cold regions. The primary
focus of this guide is presenting the special problems and concerns of site characterization in the cold regions of the world.
1.4 Laboratory testing of soil, rock, and groundwater samples is specified by other ASTM standards that are not specifically
discussed in this guide. Laboratory methods for measurement of physical properties relevant to environmental investigations are
included in Guide D5730.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This guide emphasizes the care that must be taken by all field personnel during operations in tundra and permafrost areas
of the world.
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface
Characterization.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Dec. 15, 2018. Published September 2010December 2018. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20042010
as D5995–98(2004).D5995–98(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D5995-98R10.10.1520/D5995-18.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5995 − 18
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D4083 Practice for Description of Frozen Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)
D5254D5254/D5254M Practice for Minimum Set o
...
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