ASTM C1067-20
(Practice)Standard Practice for Conducting a Ruggedness Evaluation or Screening Program for Test Methods for Construction Materials
Standard Practice for Conducting a Ruggedness Evaluation or Screening Program for Test Methods for Construction Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of a ruggedness evaluation, or screening program, is to determine the sensitivity of the test method to changes in levels of pertinent operating factors using a small number of tests. Normally, operating conditions for a test method are defined along with allowable tolerances. A ruggedness analysis determines the effect of “worst-case” variation in operating conditions within the specified tolerances. If the ruggedness evaluation indicates that the factors have a statistically significant effect on test results, the method can be revised with smaller tolerances on operating conditions to reduce variation among test results.
5.2 This practice evaluates the effects of seven factors using eight testing conditions (treatments). The disadvantage of this approach is that it only estimates the main effects of the factors and does not detect the effects of interactions among factors. For this reason, this is a screening program and additional investigation is required to determine whether there are interaction effects.
5.3 A major reason for poor precision in test methods is the lack of adequate control over the sources of variation in testing procedures or testing environments. These sources of variation often are not controlled adequately because they were not identified during the development of the test procedures as having a large effect on test results. This practice provides a systematic procedure to establish the required degree of control for different testing parameters.
5.4 All new test methods must be subjected to an interlaboratory program to develop a precision and bias statement. These programs can be expensive and time-consuming, and the result may show that the method is too variable and should not be published without further revision. Interlaboratory studies may give the subcommittee an indication that the method is too variable, but they do not usually give a clear picture of the causes of the high variation. Application of this ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating the ruggedness of a test method by determining the effects of different experimental factors on the variation of test results. The procedure is intended for use during the development of a test method before the interlaboratory study is executed, such as those described in Practices C802 and E691.
1.2 This practice covers, in general terms, techniques for planning, collecting data, and analyzing results from a few laboratories. Appendix X1 provides the details of the procedure with an example and Appendix X2 provides additional information on the methodology.
1.3 The practice is not intended to give information pertinent to estimating multilaboratory precision.
1.4 The system of units for this practice is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only in illustrations of calculation methods.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1067 − 20
Standard Practice for
Conducting a Ruggedness Evaluation or Screening Program
1
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating the
C802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Pro-
ruggedness of a test method by determining the effects of
gram to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for
different experimental factors on the variation of test results.
Construction Materials
The procedure is intended for use during the development of a
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
test method before the interlaboratory study is executed, such
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
as those described in Practices C802 and E691.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 This practice covers, in general terms, techniques for
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
planning, collecting data, and analyzing results from a few
laboratories. Appendix X1 provides the details of the proce- 3. Terminology
dure with an example and Appendix X2 provides additional
3.1 Definitions:
information on the methodology.
3.1.1 For definitions of statistical terms used in this
standard, refer to Terminology E456.
1.3 The practice is not intended to give information perti-
nent to estimating multilaboratory precision.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 determination, n—numerical value of a characteristic
1.4 The system of units for this practice is not specified.
Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only in of a test specimen measured in accordance with the given the
test method.
illustrations of calculation methods.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2.2 effect, n—of a factor, the difference in the measured
characteristics at each level of a factor averaged over all levels
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- of other factors in the experiment.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.3 factor, n—a condition or element in the test procedure
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or laboratory environment that can be controlled and that is a
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
potential source of variation of test results.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.4 level, n—the value or setting of a factor associated
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
with a determination.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.5 replication, n—the act of obtaining, under specified
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
conditions,twoormoredeterminationsonidenticalspecimens.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—Replicate determinations are typically
required to be obtained by the same operator, using the same
2. Referenced Documents
apparatus, on specimens that are as similar as possible, and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
during a short time interval.
3.2.6 ruggedness, n—the degree to which a test method is
1 able to produce test results that are not influenced, to a
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.94 statistically significant degree, by small changes in testing
on Evaluation of Data (Joint C09 and C01).
procedure or environment.
Current edition approved April 15, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally
3.2.6.1 Discussion—Statistical significance is evaluated by
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1067 – 12. DOI:
comparing the observed variation in test results due to a factor
10.1520/C1067-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
with the expected variation due to chance alone.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.7 screening, n—a planned experiment using a low num-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ber of determinations to detect among many factors those that
*A Summary
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1067 − 12 C1067 − 20
Standard Practice for
Conducting a Ruggedness Evaluation or Screening Program
1
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating the ruggedness of a test method by determining the effects of different
experimental factors on the variation of test results. The procedure is intended for use during the development of a test method
before the interlaboratory study is executed, such as those described in Practices C802 and E691.
1.2 This practice covers, in general terms, techniques for planning, collecting data, and analyzing results from a few laboratories.
Appendix X1 provides the details of the procedure with an example and Appendix X2 provides additional information on the
methodology.
1.3 The practice is not intended to give information pertinent to estimating multilaboratory precision.
1.4 The system of units for this practice is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only in illustrations
of calculation methods.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Program to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for Construction
Materials
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.94 on
Evaluation of Data (Joint C09 and C01).
Current edition approved July 1, 2012April 15, 2020. Published September 2012August 2020. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20072012
as C1067 – 00 (2007). 12. DOI: 10.1520/C1067-12.10.1520/C1067-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1067 − 20
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of statistical terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology E456.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 determination, n—numerical value of a characteristic of a test specimen measured in accordance with the given the test
method.
3.2.2 effect, n—of a factor, the difference in the measured characteristics at each level of a factor averaged over all levels of other
factors in the experiment.
3.2.3 factor, n—a condition or element in the test procedure or laboratory environment that can be controlled and that is a potential
source of variation of determinations.test results.
3.2.4 level, n—the value or setting of a factor associated with a determination.
3.2.5 replication, n—the act of obtaining, under specified conditions, two or more determinations on identical specimens.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—
Replicate determinations are typically required to be obtained by the same operator, using the same apparatus, on specimens that
are as similar as possible, and during a short time interval.
3.2.6 ruggedness, n—the characteristic o
...
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