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ASTM D7008-08(2022)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers

Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for reusable and nonreusable geosynthetic alternate daily covers (ADCs) used on the working face of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLF). Geosynthetic ADCs include a wide range of products including, but not limited to, reinforced film, unreinforced film, reinforced sheet, unreinforced sheet, coated geotextile and uncoated geotextile. Geosynthetic ADC are classified as nonreusable geosynthetic ADC, and reusable geosynthetic ADC. The breaking factor, tear resistance, and puncture strength of the nonreusable ADC shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The grab strength, trapezoidal tear, and puncture resistance of the reusable ADC shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for reusable and nonreusable geosynthetic alternate daily covers (ADCs) used on the working face of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLFs). Geosynthetic ADCs include a wide range of products including, but not limited to: reinforced film, unreinforced film, reinforced sheet, unreinforced sheet, coated geotextile, and uncoated geotextile.  
1.2 This standard addresses the base ADC materials and does not address grommets, straps, or other fabricated parts.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2022
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.06 - Geosynthetic Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E96/E96M-24 - Standard Test Methods for Gravimetric Determination of Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2024
Refers
ASTM D4439-24 - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024
Refers
ASTM E96/E96M-23 - Standard Test Methods for Gravimetric Determination of Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Materials
Effective Date
15-Nov-2023
Refers
ASTM D4833/D4833M-07(2020) - Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM D4439-18 - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
15-Apr-2018
Refers
ASTM D4439-17 - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Aug-2017
Refers
ASTM D4439-15a - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM D4439-15 - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Refers
ASTM E96/E96M-15 - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2015
Refers
ASTM D4632/D4632M-15 - Standard Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of Geotextiles
Effective Date
01-Jan-2015
Refers
ASTM E96/E96M-14 - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
Effective Date
15-Oct-2014
Refers
ASTM D4355/D4355M-14 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus
Effective Date
15-Jul-2014
Refers
ASTM D4439-14 - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Refers
ASTM E96/E96M-13 - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Refers
ASTM D4632/D4632M-08(2013)e2 - Standard Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of Geotextiles
Effective Date
01-May-2013

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ASTM D7008-08(2022) - Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Alternate Daily CoversASTM D7008-08(2022) - Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers
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ASTM D7008-08(2022) - Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7008 −08 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Specification for
Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4533/D4533M Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for reusable
Strength of Geotextiles
and nonreusable geosynthetic alternate daily covers (ADCs)
D4632/D4632M Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and
used on the working face of municipal solid waste landfills
Elongation of Geotextiles
(MSWLFs). Geosynthetic ADCs include a wide range of
D4833/D4833M Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance
products including, but not limited to: reinforced film, unrein-
of Geomembranes and Related Products
forced film, reinforced sheet, unreinforced sheet, coated
E96/E96M Test Methods for Gravimetric Determination of
geotextile, and uncoated geotextile.
Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Materials
1.2 This standard addresses the base ADC materials and
2.2 Other Standards:
does not address grommets, straps, or other fabricated parts.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 701 Standard
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles
standard.
Geosynthetic Research Institute (GRI) Specification
GM11 Accelerated Weathering of Geomembranes using a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Fluorescent UVA-Condensation Exposure Device
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms related to
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D4439.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.1 alternate daily cover, n—an alternative to the tradi-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tional 15-cm (6-in.) soil cover required by the USEPA for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
landfill working faces to “control disease vectors, fires, odors,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
blowing litter, and scavenging, without presenting a threat to
human health and the environment.”
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 fire retardant, adj—in geosynthetic ADCs, meeting the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
requirementsofNFPA701,Method1,StandardMethodofFire
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films.
Sheeting
D1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of 3.2.3 nonreusable, adj—in geosynthetics, a fabric or film
Plastic Film and Sheeting intended to be placed once and then disposed of, discarded, or
D4355/D4355M Test Method for Deterioration of Geotex- left in place.
tiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture, and Heat in a Xenon
3.2.4 reusable, adj—in geosynthetics, a fabric or membrane
Arc-Type Apparatus
material intended to be retrieved and installed more than once
to perform the cover function.
3.2.5 working face, n—the area of a landfill in which waste
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.06 on Geosyn- is actively being deposited.
thetic Specifications.
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally
4. Classification of Geosynthetic ADCs
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D7008 – 08 (2018).
DOI: 10.1520/D7008-08R22.
4.1 Nonreusable—Nonreusable geosynthetic ADCs consist
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of disposable films or geotextiles, intended to be left in place
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
without retrieval. Special equipment exists to facilitate the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. placement and anchoring of these materials to cover the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7008 − 08 (2022)
TABLE 2 Classes for Reusable ADCs
workingfaceoflandfills.Thecovermaycontainpro-degradant
additives to accelerate degradation within the waste to allow Test
Property Units Class 1R Class 2R Class 3R
Method
the free flow of fluids and gases within the waste mass. Three
Grab ASTM N (lb) 1400 (320) 900 (200) 500 (110)
classes of nonreusable ADCs are specified based on tensile,
Strength D4632/
tear, and puncture properties (see Table 1).
D4632M
Trapezoi- ASTM N (lb) 500 (110) 320 (72) 180 (40)
4.2 Reusable—Reusable geosyntheticADCs consist of vari-
dal Tear D4533/
ous types of fabric or plastic membranes that have either been
D4533M
Puncture ASTM N (lb) 500 (110) 320 (72) 180 (40)
developed or adapted for use as a daily cover material. Panels
Resistance D4833/
fabricated from these materials are placed over the working
D4833M
face at the end of the day, and retrieved prior to the start of the
next operating day. Special mechanized equipment can be used
tofacilitatetheplacementandretr
...

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SCOPE
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ASTM
ASTM D7747/D7747M-11(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for Reinforced Geomembranes by the Strip Tensile Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
1.2 The types of thermal field and factory seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top and bottom geomembrane to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual tracks separated by a non-bonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
1.2.3 Extrusion—This technique encompasses extruding molten resin between two geomembranes or at the edge of two overlapped geomembranes to effect a continuous bond.  
1.2.4 Radio Frequency (RF) or Dielectric—High-frequency dielectric equipment is used to generate heat and pressure to form an overlap seam in factory fabrication.  
1.2.5 Impulse—Clamping bars heated by wires or a ribbon melt the sheets clamped between them. A cooling period while still clamped allows the polymer to solidify before being released.  
1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM
ASTM D5101-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of specific on-site soils and geotextiles at the design stage of a project, or to provide qualitative data that may help identify causes of failure (for example, clogging, particle loss). It is not appropriate for acceptance testing of geotextiles. It is also improper to utilize the results from this test for job specifications or manufacturers' certifications.  
5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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