ASTM E23-12b
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods of impact testing relate specifically to the behavior of metal when subjected to a single application of a force resulting in multi-axial stresses associated with a notch, coupled with high rates of loading and in some cases with high or low temperatures. For some materials and temperatures the results of impact tests on notched specimens, when correlated with service experience, have been found to predict the likelihood of brittle fracture accurately. Further information on significance appears in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the Izod (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for: test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see Annex A1) verifying Charpy impact machines (see Annex A2), optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), designation of test specimen orientation (see Terminology E1823), and determining the percent of shear fracture on the surface of broken impact specimens (see Annex A4). In addition, information is provided on the significance of notched-bar impact testing (see Appendix X1), and methods of measuring the center of strike (see Appendix X2).
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associated with impact testing at temperatures below –196 °C (77 K).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Section 8 and Annex A4 provide inch-pound units for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 5.
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An American National Standard
Designation: E23 – 12b
Standard Test Methods for
1
Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E23; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing
E604 Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic
of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the
Materials
Izod (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for:
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
AnnexA1) verifying Charpy impact machines (seeAnnexA2),
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Test-
optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), desig-
ing
nation of test specimen orientation (see Terminology E1823),
E2298 Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of
and determining the percent of shear fracture on the surface of
Metallic Materials
broken impact specimens (see Annex A4). In addition, infor-
mation is provided on the significance of notched-bar impact
3. Summary of Test Method
testing (see Appendix X1), and methods of measuring the
3.1 The essential features of an impact test are: a suitable
center of strike (see Appendix X2).
specimen(specimensofseveraldifferenttypesarerecognized),
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associ-
a set of anvils, and specimen supports on which the test
atedwithimpacttestingattemperaturesbelow–196°C(77K).
specimen is placed to receive the blow of the moving mass, a
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
moving mass that has sufficient energy to break the specimen
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
placed in its path, and a device for measuring the energy
standard.
absorbed by the broken specimen.
1.3.1 Exception—Section 8 and Annex A4 provide inch-
pound units for information only.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 These test methods of impact testing relate specifically
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to the behavior of metal when subjected to a single application
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of a force resulting in multi-axial stresses associated with a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
notch, coupled with high rates of loading and in some cases
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
with high or low temperatures. For some materials and
tionary statements are given in Section 5.
temperatures the results of impact tests on notched specimens,
2. Referenced Documents when correlated with service experience, have been found to
2 predict the likelihood of brittle fracture accurately. Further
2.1 ASTM Standards:
information on significance appears in Appendix X1.
B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder
Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
5. Precautions in Operation of Machine
5.1 Safety precautions should be taken to protect personnel
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
from the swinging pendulum, flying broken specimens, and
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on
hazards associated with specimen warming and cooling media.
Impact Testing.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published January 2013. Originally
6. Apparatus
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved 2012 as E23 – 12a. DOI:
10.1520/E0023-12B.
6.1 General Requirements:
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1.1 The testing machine shall be a pendulum type of rigid
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
construction.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E23 – 12b
6.1.2 The testing machine shall be designed and built to may not be equally satisfactory for soft nonferrous metals and
conform with the requirements given in Annex A1. hardened steels; therefore, many types of specimens are
6.2 Inspection and Verification recognized.Ingeneral,sharperanddeepernotchesarerequired
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E23–12a Designation: E23 – 12b
Standard Test Methods for
1
Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E23; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the Izod
(cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for: test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (seeAnnexA1)
verifying Charpy impact machines (see Annex A2), optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), precracking Charpy
V-notch specimens (see Annex A4), designation of test specimen orientation (see Terminology ), designation of test specimen
orientation(seeTerminologyE1823),anddeterminingthepercentofshearfractureonthesurfaceofbrokenimpactspecimens(see
AnnexA4). In addition, information is provided on the significance of notched-bar impact testing (seeAppendix X1), and methods
of measuring the center of strike (see Appendix X2).
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associated with impact testing at temperatures below –196 °C (77 K).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Section 8 and Annex A4 provide inch-pound units for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 5.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E604 Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic Materials
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
E2298 Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The essential features of an impact test are: a suitable specimen (specimens of several different types are recognized), a set
of anvils, and specimen supports on which the test specimen is placed to receive the blow of the moving mass, a moving mass
that has sufficient energy to break the specimen placed in its path, and a device for measuring the energy absorbed by the broken
specimen.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods of impact testing relate specifically to the behavior of metal when subjected to a single application of
a force resulting in multi-axial stresses associated with a notch, coupled with high rates of loading and in some cases with high
or low temperatures. For some materials and temperatures the results of impact tests on notched specimens, when correlated with
service experience, have been found to predict the likelihood of brittle fracture accurately. Further information on significance
appears in Appendix X1.
5. Precautions in Operation of Machine
5.1 Safety precautions should be taken to protect personnel from the swinging pendulum, flying broken specimens, and hazards
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on Impact
Testing.
Current edition approved JuneJuly 1, 2012. Published January 2013. Originally approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved 2012 as E23 – 12a. DOI:
10.1520/E0023-12AB.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E23 – 12b
associated with specimen warming and cooling media.
6. Apparatus
6.1 General Req
...
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