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ASTM D6081-98(2004)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation

Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice gives techniques to use in the preparation of lubricants or lubricant components for acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests. Most lubricants and lubricant components are difficult to evaluate in toxicity tests because they are mixtures of chemical compounds with varying and usually poor solubility in water. Lubricants or lubricant component mixtures should not be added directly to aquatic systems for toxicity testing because the details of the addition procedure will have a large effect on the results of the toxicity test. Use of the techniques described in this practice will produce well-characterized test systems that will lead to tests with meaningful and reproducible results.
The toxicity of mixtures of poorly soluble components cannot be expressed in the usual terms of lethal concentration (or the similar terms of effect concentration or inhibition concentration) because the mixtures may not be completely soluble at treat levels that lead to toxic effects. The test material preparation techniques given in this practice lead to test results expressed in terms of loading rate, which is a practical and meaningful concept for expressing the toxicity of this type of material.
One of the recommended methods of material preparation for lubricants or their components is the mechanical dispersion technique. This particular technique generates turbulence, and thus, it should not be used for poorly swimming organisms.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures to be used in the preparation of lubricants or their components for toxicity testing in aquatic systems and in the interpretation of the results of such tests.
1.2 This practice is suitable for use on fully-formulated lubricants or their components that are not completely soluble at the intended test treat rates. It is also suitable for use with additives, if the additive is tested after being blended into a carrier fluid at the approximate concentration as in the intended fully formulated lubricant. The carrier fluid shall meet the above solubility criterion, be known to be minimally toxic in the toxicity test in which the material will be tested, and be known to have a chemical composition similar to the rest of the intended fully formulated lubricant.
1.3 Samples prepared in accordance with this practice may be used in acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests conducted in fresh water or salt water with fish, large invertebrates, or algae. This practice does not address preparation of samples for plant toxicity testing other than algae.
1.4 Standard acute and chronic aquatic toxicity procedures are more appropriate for lubricants with compositions that are completely soluble at the intended test treat rates (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
1.5 This practice is intended for use with lubricants or lubricant components of any volatility.
1.6 This practice does not address any questions regarding the effects of any lubricant or lubricant component on human health.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2004
ICS
13.020.40 - Pollution, pollution control and conservation
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.12 - Environmental Standards for Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6081-98 - Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D6081-98(2009) - Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8029-18 - Standard Specification for Biodegradable, Low Aquatic Toxicity Hydraulic Fluids
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6046-18 - Standard Classification of Hydraulic Fluids for Environmental Impact
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004

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ASTM D6081-98(2004) - Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results InterpretationASTM D6081-98(2004) - Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation
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ASTM D6081-98(2004) - Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6081–98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Practice for
Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation
1
and Results Interpretation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6081; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This practice covers procedures to be used in the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
preparation of lubricants or their components for toxicity D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
testinginaquaticsystemsandintheinterpretationoftheresults D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
of such tests. E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test
1.2 This practice is suitable for use on fully-formulated Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphib-
lubricants or their components that are not completely soluble ians
at the intended test treat rates. It is also suitable for use with E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-
additives, if the additive is tested after being blended into a ronmental Fate
carrierfluidattheapproximateconcentrationasintheintended
3. Terminology
fully formulated lubricant. The carrier fluid shall meet the
above solubility criterion, be known to be minimally toxic in 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 acute toxicity test, n—a comparative toxicity test in
the toxicity test in which the material will be tested, and be
knowntohaveachemicalcompositionsimilartotherestofthe which a representative subpopulation of organisms is exposed
to different treat rates of a test material and is observed for a
intended fully formulated lubricant.
1.3 Samples prepared in accordance with this practice may short period, usually not constituting a substantial portion of
their life span.
be used in acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests conducted in
fresh water or salt water with fish, large invertebrates, or algae. 3.1.2 chronic toxicity test, n—a comparative toxicity test in
which a representative subpopulation of organisms is exposed
This practice does not address preparation of samples for plant
to different treat rates of a test material and is observed for a
toxicity testing other than algae.
1.4 Standard acute and chronic aquatic toxicity procedures periodoftimethatconstitutesamajorportionoftheirlifespan.
3.1.3 ecotoxicity, n—propensity of a test material to pro-
are more appropriate for lubricants with compositions that are
2
completelysolubleattheintendedtesttreatrates(1,2,3,4,5). duce adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiological effects
in non-human organisms or populations.
1.5 This practice is intended for use with lubricants or
lubricant components of any volatility. 3.1.4 effect load XX (ELXX), n—a statistically or graphi-
cally estimated loading rate of test material that is expected to
1.6 This practice does not address any questions regarding
the effects of any lubricant or lubricant component on human causeoneormorespecifiedeffectsinXX %ofarepresentative
subpopulation of organisms under specified conditions.
health.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.4.1 Discussion—This terminology should be used in-
stead of the standard ECXX when the test material is not
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- completely soluble at the test treat rates.
3.1.5 inhibition load XX (ILXX), n—astatisticallyorgraphi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. cally estimated loading rate of test material that is expected to
cause a XX % inhibition of a biological process (such as
growth or reproduction) that has an analog as opposed to a
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
digital measure.
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.12 on
Environmental Standards for Lubricants.
Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
3
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D6081 - 98. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D6081-98R04. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D6081–98 (2004)
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Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice gives techniques to use in the preparation of lubricants or lubricant components for acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests. Most lubricants and lubricant components are difficult to evaluate in toxicity tests because they are mixtures of chemical compounds with varying and usually poor solubility in water. Lubricants or lubricant component mixtures should not be added directly to aquatic systems for toxicity testing because the details of the addition procedure will have a large effect on the results of the toxicity test. Use of the techniques described in this practice will produce well-characterized test systems that will lead to tests with meaningful and reproducible results.  
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5.3 One of the recommended methods of material preparation for lubricants or their components is the mechanical dispersion technique. This particular technique generates turbulence, and thus, it should not be used for poorly swimming organisms.
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1.1 This practice covers procedures to be used in the preparation of lubricants or their components for toxicity testing in aquatic systems and in the interpretation of the results of such tests.  
1.2 This practice is suitable for use on fully-formulated lubricants or their components that are not completely soluble at the intended test treat rates. It is also suitable for use with additives, if the additive is tested after being blended into a carrier fluid at the approximate concentration as in the intended fully formulated lubricant. The carrier fluid shall meet the above solubility criterion, be known to be minimally toxic in the toxicity test in which the material will be tested, and be known to have a chemical composition similar to the rest of the intended fully formulated lubricant.  
1.3 Samples prepared in accordance with this practice may be used in acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests conducted in fresh water or salt water with fish, large invertebrates, or algae. This practice does not address preparation of samples for plant toxicity testing other than algae.  
1.4 Standard acute and chronic aquatic toxicity procedures are more appropriate for lubricants with compositions that are completely soluble at the intended test treat rates (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).2  
1.5 This practice is intended for use with lubricants or lubricant components of any volatility.  
1.6 This practice does not address any questions regarding the effects of any lubricant or lubricant component on human health.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice gives techniques to use in the preparation of lubricants or lubricant components for acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests. Most lubricants and lubricant components are difficult to evaluate in toxicity tests because they are mixtures of chemical compounds with varying and usually poor solubility in water. Lubricants or lubricant component mixtures should not be added directly to aquatic systems for toxicity testing because the details of the addition procedure will have a large effect on the results of the toxicity test. Use of the techniques described in this practice will produce well-characterized test systems that will lead to tests with meaningful and reproducible results.  
5.2 The toxicity of mixtures of poorly soluble components cannot be expressed in the usual terms of lethal concentration (or the similar terms of effect concentration or inhibition concentration) because the mixtures may not be completely soluble at treat levels that lead to toxic effects. The test material preparation techniques given in this practice lead to test results expressed in terms of loading rate, which is a practical and meaningful concept for expressing the toxicity of this type of material.  
5.3 One of the recommended methods of material preparation for lubricants or their components is the mechanical dispersion technique. This particular technique generates turbulence, and thus, it should not be used for poorly swimming organisms.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures to be used in the preparation of lubricants or their components for toxicity testing in aquatic systems and in the interpretation of the results of such tests.  
1.2 This practice is suitable for use on fully-formulated lubricants or their components that are not completely soluble at the intended test treat rates. It is also suitable for use with additives, if the additive is tested after being blended into a carrier fluid at the approximate concentration as in the intended fully formulated lubricant. The carrier fluid shall meet the above solubility criterion, be known to be minimally toxic in the toxicity test in which the material will be tested, and be known to have a chemical composition similar to the rest of the intended fully formulated lubricant.  
1.3 Samples prepared in accordance with this practice may be used in acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests conducted in fresh water or salt water with fish, large invertebrates, or algae. This practice does not address preparation of samples for plant toxicity testing other than algae.  
1.4 Standard acute and chronic aquatic toxicity procedures are more appropriate for lubricants with compositions that are completely soluble at the intended test treat rates (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).2  
1.5 This practice is intended for use with lubricants or lubricant components of any volatility.  
1.6 This practice does not address any questions regarding the effects of any lubricant or lubricant component on human health.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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