ASTM D1230-94(2001)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles (Withdrawn 2010)
Standard Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles (Withdrawn 2010)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the flammability of textile fabrics as they reach the consumer for or from apparel other than children's sleepwear or protective clothing.
1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. Note 1—This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations require that fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is found in 9.2.1.3.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard; inch-pound units are provided for information only.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the evaluation of the flammability of textile fabrics as they reach the consumer for or from apparel other than children's sleepwear or protective clothing.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles and the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability, this test method was withdrawn in January 2010 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D1230–94 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Flammability of Apparel Textiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1230; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the flamma-
of a Lot or Process
bility of textile fabrics as they reach the consumer for or from
2.2 AATCC Test Method:
apparel other than children’s sleepwear or protective clothing.
135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering
1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe
of Durable Press Woven or Knit Fabrics
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
3. Terminology
should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or
3.1 Definitions:
fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
3.1.1 combustible textile, n—a textile that will ignite and
conditions. However, results of this test may be used as
burn or that will give off vapors that ignite and burn when
elements of a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all
subjected to external sources of ignition.
of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire
3.1.2 flame spread, n—the propagation of a flame away
hazard of a particular end use.
from the source of ignition.
NOTE 1—This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610,
3.1.3 flame-spread time, n—the time taken by a flame on a
Flammability of ClothingTextiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission
burning material to travel a specified distance under specified
regulations require that fabrics introduced into commerce meet the
conditions.
requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.
3.1.4 flammability, n—those characteristics of a material
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
that pertain to its relative ease of ignition and relative ability to
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sustain combustion.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.5 flame retardant, n—a chemical used to impart flame
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
resistance.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
3.1.6 flame-retardant-treated, adj—having received a
tionary information is found in 9.2.1.3.
flame-retardant treatment.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.6.1 The term “flame-retardant-treated” does not apply to
standard; inch-pound units are provided for information only.
textiles that are inherently flame resistant due to the intrinsic
properties of the material or the fiber-forming polymer.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.7 interlining, n—any textile which is intended for incor-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
poration into an article of wearing apparel as a layer between
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
an outer shell and an inner lining.
D484 Discontinued 1983; Specification for Hydrocarbon
3.1.8 raised fiber surface, n—in textile fabrics, intentionally
Dry Cleaning Solvents; Replaced by D 235
lifted fibers or yarns such as pile, napped, tufted, flocked, or
D2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated
similar surfaces.
Apparel Fabrics
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
refer to Terminology D123 and to the Technical Manual of the
American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
4. Summary of Test Method
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.
Current edition approved June 15, 1994. Published August 1994. Originally
4.1 The standard provides methods of testing the flamma-
published as D1230 – 52 T. Last previous edition D1230 – 92. DOI: 10.1520/
bility of textiles from or intended to be used for apparel,
D1230-94R01.
explains three classes of flammability, sets forth the require-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ments for classifying textiles, and warns against the use of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced Available from the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists,
on www.astm.org. P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1230–94 (2001)
single or multilayer textile fabrics that have burning character- or product falling into any one of the flammability classes will
istics considered by the trade to make them unsuitable for not be hazardous under some conditions.
apparel. 5.3.1 Because of the sensitivity of fabrics to ambient atmo-
4.2 Specimens cut from the textile are prepared by brushing spheric conditions, technique of specimen preparation, and
if they have a raised fiber surface, by drycleaning and laun- inherentvariabilityintheclothitself,testresultsarenotalways
dering if they have been flame-retardant-treated. A dried closely reproducible either in the same laboratory or among
specimen is inserted in a frame and held in a special apparatus several laboratories.
atanangleof45°,astandardizedflameisappliedtothesurface 5.4 Finishes and fabric surface changes can exert a large
near the lower end for 1 s, and the timerequired for the flame effect on flammability. Therefore, some fabrics are tested
to proceed up the fabric a distance of 127 mm (5 in.) is before as well as after laundering or drycleaning or both (see
recorded. Notation is made as to whether the base of a Section 9).
raised-surface fabric ignites, chars, or melts. 5.5 This standard is not applicable to hats, gloves, footwear,
or interlining fabrics.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Test Method D1230 for the determination of the flam-
6. Apparatus and Materials
mability of apparel textiles cannot be recommended for the
6.1 Flammability Tester , with a separate timer capable of
acceptance testing of commercial shipments since Federal
providingflameimpingementonthespecimenfor1 + 0.05sas
regulations require apparel fabrics to meet the criteria of 16
shown in Fig. 1 or an equivalent electrically operated tester
CFR 1610 and correlation of test results with actual perfor-
equipped with an automatic electric timer, as described in
mance has not been established.Although Test Method D1230
Annex A1. Testers are normally supplied with specimen
is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because
holders.
it provides a less expensive and time consuming research tool 5
6.2 Brushing Device , as shown in Fig. 2, and described in
than 16 CFR 1610. Also, since the Consumer Product Safety
Annex A1.
Commission is presently considering action to allow alternate
6.3 Drycleaning Machine—Single unit, coin-operated type
test methods to 16 CFR 1610, and has shown a willingness to
capable of providing a complete automatic dry-to-dry cycle
consider changes to it, Test Method D1230 should serve as the
using perchlorethylene (see 6.1 of Test Methods D2724).
industry standard and as a guide for needed changes to federal
6.4 Laboratory Drying Oven.
regulations. See 1.2 and Note 1.
6.5 Desiccator, 250 mm (10 in.) diameter.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
6.6 Calcium Chloride, anhydrous.
reported test results when using Test Method D1230 for
6.7 Butane,CP.
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
6.8 AATCC Standard Detergent 124.
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
6.9 Perchlorethylene, commercial grade.
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
6.10 Drycleaning Detergent , amine sulfonate type.
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
6.11 Cotton Sewing Thread, No. 50, mercerized.
bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which
7. Sampling
are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for testing, take at random
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
the number of primary sampling units directed in an applicable
to each laboratory for testing.The average results from the two
material specification or other agreement between the pur-
laboratories should be compared using a nonparametric test for
chaserandthesupplier.Forfabric,considerrollsoffabrictobe
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
the primary sampling units. For garments, consider shipping
two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its
cartons to be the primary sampling units.
cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the
NOTE 2—A realistic specification or other agreement between the
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
known bias.
between primary sampling units and within primary sampling units so as
5.2 All fabrics made of natural or regenerated cellulose, as
to provide a sampling plan which has a meaningful producer’s risk,
well as many made from other natural or man-made fibers, are
consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.Alot
combustible. Some combustible fabrics when used for clothing
sample normally consists of a very small fraction of the total primary
are potentially dangerous to the wearer because of such factors
sampling units.
as ease of ignition, flame spread time, amount of heat released,
and design of the garment.This test measures two such factors:
ease of ignition and flame spread time.
The FlammabilityTester and Brushing Device can be obtained from Instrument
5.3 In order to place fabrics in one of the three flammability
Marketing Services, Inc., (IMS) 291 FairfieldAvenue, Fairfield, NJ 07004; Custom
classes, arbitrary limits have been selected for time of appli-
Scientific Instruments, Inc., 13 Wing Drive, Whippany, NJ 07981; and The
cation of the flame and for time of flame spread. These limits
Govmark Organization, Inc., P.O. Box 807, Bellmore, NY 11710.
Butane, cp. No. 4 cylinders, containing 2 lb may be obtained from Matheson
are based on extensive testing experience and are believed to
Co., Inc., East Rutherford, NJ.
beausefulguideinjudgingtherelativeflammabilityofapparel
Staticol, amine sulfonate type, available from R. R. Street, Inc., 561W. Monroe
textiles. It must be understood, however, that no guarantee can
St., Chicago, IL; or Perksheen 324, amine sulfonate type, available fromAdco, Inc.,
be given and none is implied that garments made from a fabric 900 W. Main St., Sedalia MO, have been found suitable for this purpose.
D1230–94 (2001)
FIG. 1 Flammability Tester
FIG. 2 Brushing Device
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for testing, 7.2.2 For garments, take the number of garments per ship-
proceed as follows:
ping carton in the lot sample directed in an applicable material
1 1
7.2.1 For fabric take a full-width swatch ⁄2m( ⁄2 yd) long
specification or other agreement between the purchaser and
from the end of each roll of fabric in the lot sample, after first
supplier.
discarding any fabric from the very outside of the roll that
7.3 Test Specimens:
contains folds, creases, or any evidence of displaced weave.
D1230–94 (2001)
7.3.1 Use exploratory tests as directed in 8.2 to select the for shrinkage in dry cleaning and washing, and subject the
orientation of specimens, the face of the fabric to be tested, and swatch to drycleaning and washing procedures as follows: If
the part of any pattern to be tested so as to maximize the rate labeled “Dry Clean Only” use 9.2.1. If labeled “Washable” use
of flame spread. 9.2.1 followed by 9.2.2 (unless labeled “Do Not Dry Clean,”
7.3.2 For fabric, cut final test specimens from each swatch then use 9.2.2 only). If labeled “Not Refurbishable” no
in the laboratory sample as directed in 9.1. For fabrics that can cleaning procedure is necessary.
be refurbished, cut additional final test specimens from each 9.2 Refurbishing:
swatch in the lot sample after the swatches have been refur- 9.2.1 Drycleaning:
bished as directed in 9.2. Identify the specimens as coming 9.2.1.1 Option A—Dryclean the fabric (one cycle) as di-
from a swatch before or after refurbishing. rected in 9.2.1.2-9.2.1.4.
7.3.3 For garments, cut final test specimens from each 9.2.1.2 Solvent Preparation—Prepare the drycleaning solu-
garment in the laboratory sample as directed in 9.1. For tion by mixing 60 mL of the amine sulfonate detergent and 4
garments that can be refurbished, cut additional final test mL of water for each gallon of perchlorethylene solvent
specimens from each garment in the lot sample after the required for the drycleaning machine. Put this solvent in the
garments have been refurbished as directed in 9.2. Identify the machine storage tank. The same solution may be used for
specimens as coming from a garment before or after refurbish- repeated cleanings until it becomes dirty. The solution then
ing. Specimens from multi-layered garments should include all should be replaced.
of the layers held in the same relative position they occupy in 9.2.1.3 Perchlorethylene is toxic and a suspected carcino-
the garment. Test the outer surface of the garment unless the gen, and the usual precautions for handling chlorinated sol-
inner surface of the lining yields a faster flame spread in vents should be taken. It should be used only under well-
exploratory tests. See 7.3.1. ventilated conditions. The solvent is nonflammable.
9.2.1.4 Sample and Dummy Load Preparation—Prepare a
8. Preparation of Specimens load consisting of all specimens to be tested and made up to 8
lb(3.6kg)totalwithdummyloadofapproximately380by380
8.1 Perform tests on the fabric as it will reach the consumer.
mm (15 by 15 in.) fabric pieces of similar material.
Process any partially finished fabrics first in accordance with a
9.2.1.5 Drycleaning Procedure—Run through the complete
manufacturer’s instructions.
dry-to-dry cycle in the single unit coin-operated type dryclean-
8.2 Accomplish exploratory testing to determine the proper
ing machine. Run the solvent phase
...
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