ASTM D4317-16

Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emulsion Adhesives

ABSTRACT
This specification covers polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl acetate copolymer resin emulsion adhesives suitable for use on wood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates. This does not cover the group of polyvinyl-based adhesives suitable for bonding flexible films. Adhesives are classified on the basis of water resistance at three performance levels, namely wet-use (Type 1), intermediate use (Type 2), and dry-use (Type 3). Adhesives shall conform to test requirements as performed under the following exposure conditions and treatments: dry shear at specified temperatures; two-cycle boil; 48-hour soak; humidity exposure; freeze-thaw stability; and storage life. Materials shall also adhere to physical properties such as density, nonvolatile matter, and pH.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl acetate copolymer resin emulsion adhesives suitable for use on wood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates. It does not cover the group of polyvinyl-based adhesives which are suitable for bonding flexible films.  
1.2 The adhesives are classified at three performance levels in accordance with water-resistance as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. See Section 5 for a description of the expected exposure conditions for each class of adhesive. See Table X1.1 for a classification of typical end products that are manufactured using adhesives at the three performance levels covered by this specification.  (A) Or 40 % of dry value at 75°F (24°C), whichever is larger.(B) Testing and certification for freeze-thaw stability is optional. To classify a test adhesive as freeze-thaw stable, test an initial lot of the adhesive brand in accordance with 6.2 and 10.3.3.7.(C) Testing of an initial lot of the adhesive brand in accordance with 6.3 and 10.3.3.8 is required.  (A) See Table 9 in Interim Voluntary Product Standard for Hardwood and Decorative Plywood, HP-1, 1993.  
1.3 The following index is provided as a guide to the test methods portion of this specification:    
Section  
Tests for Physical Properties  
9  
Viscosity  
9.1.1  
Density  
9.1.2  
Nonvolatiles  
9.1.3  
pH  
9.1.4  
Tests for Adhesive Bond  
10  
Block Shear Strength, Compression  
10.2  
Plywood Shear Tests  
10.3  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesis are for information purposes only.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 9 and 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2016
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• Technical Committee: D14 - Adhesives
• Drafting Committee: D14.30 - Wood Adhesives

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4317 − 16
Standard Specification for
1
Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emulsion Adhesives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This specification is a replacement for Federal Specification MMM-A-180C, Class B, August 6,
1979, Adhesive, Vinyl Acetate Resin Emulsion, which superseded MMM-A-193C, October 26, 1967.
It has been expanded to include the more water-resistant polyvinyl acetate-based adhesives now on the
market, in addition to the less water-resistant ones formerly covered by the Federal Specification.
1. Scope* concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
1.1 This specification covers polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
acetate copolymer resin emulsion adhesives suitable for use on
limitations prior to use.
wood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates. It does not
cover the group of polyvinyl-based adhesives which are
2. Referenced Documents
suitable for bonding flexible films.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 The adhesives are classified at three performance levels
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
in accordance with water-resistance as shown in Table 1 and
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
Table 2. See Section 5 for a description of the expected
D906 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in
exposure conditions for each class of adhesive. See Table X1.1
Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
for a classification of typical end products that are manufac-
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
tured using adhesives at the three performance levels covered
D1084 Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
by this specification.
D1490 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Urea-
1.3 The following index is provided as a guide to the test Formaldehyde Resin Solutions
methods portion of this specification: D1875 Test Method for Density of Adhesives in Fluid Form
D2556 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives
Section
Tests for Physical Properties 9
Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties Using Ro-
Viscosity 9.1.1
tational Viscometry
Density 9.1.2
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Nonvolatiles 9.1.3
pH 9.1.4
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
Tests for Adhesive Bond 10
Glass Electrode
Block Shear Strength, Compression 10.2
E1953 Practice for Description of Thermal Analysis and
Plywood Shear Tests 10.3
Rheology Apparatus
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parenthesis are for information
purposes only.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
test method portion, Sections 9 and 10, of this specification:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood
2
Adhesives. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4317 – 98 (2011). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4317-16. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4317 − 16
TABLE 1 Test Requirements
Test Requirement, Required Tests
Test Section Number
min, psi (kPa)
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
Block shear (compression) dry at 75°F (24°C) 10.2 2800 (19 306) X X X
Plywood (tension):
dry at 75°F (24°C) 10.3.3.1 400 (2758) X X X
A
dry at 160°F (71.1°C) 10.3.3.2 or 10.3.3.3 250 (1724) X X X
Two-cycle boil 10.3.3.4 see Table 2 X
48-h soak 10.3.3.5 250 (1724) X X
A
Humidity exposure 10.3.3.6 250 (1724) X
B B B B
Freeze-thaw stability 10.3.3.7 optional optional optional
C C C C
Storage life 10.3.3.8 X X X
A
Or 40 % of dry value at 75°F (24°C), whichever is larger.
B
Testing and certification for freeze-thaw stability is optional. To classify a test adhesive as freeze-thaw stable, test an initial lot of the adhesive brand in accordance with
6.2 an
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4317 − 98 (Reapproved 2011) D4317 − 16
Standard Specification for
1
Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emulsion Adhesives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This specification is a replacement for Federal Specification MMM-A-180C, Class B, August 6,
1979, Adhesive, Vinyl Acetate Resin Emulsion, which superseded MMM-A-193C, October 26, 1967.
It has been expanded to include the more water-resistant polyvinyl acetate-based adhesives now on the
market, in addition to the less water-resistant ones formerly covered by the Federal Specification.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl acetate copolymer resin emulsion adhesives suitable for use on
wood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates. It does not cover the group of polyvinyl-based adhesives which are suitable for
bonding flexible films.
1.2 The adhesives are classified at three performance levels in accordance with water-resistance as shown in Table 1 and Table
2. See Section 5 for a description of the expected exposure conditions for each class of adhesive. See Table X1.1 for a classification
of typical end products that are manufactured using adhesives at the three performance levels covered by this specification.
1.3 The following index is provided as a guide to the test methods portion of this specification:
Section
Tests for Physical Properties 9
Viscosity 9.1.1
Density 9.1.2
Nonvolatiles 9.1.3
pH 9.1.4
Tests for Adhesive Bond 10
Block Shear Strength, Compression 10.2
Plywood Shear Tests 10.3
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesis are for information purposes
only.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 9 and 10, of this specification: This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
D906 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
D1084 Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
D1490 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Solutions
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood Adhesives.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011May 1, 2016. Published January 2011May 2016. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20042011 as
D4317 – 98 (2004).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D4317-98R11.10.1520/D4317-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.org,www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4317 − 16
TABLE 1 Test Requirements
Test Requirement, Required Tests
Test Section Number
min, psi (kPa)
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
Block shear (compression) dry at 75°F (24°C) 10.2 2800 (19 306) X X X
Plywood (tension):
dry at 75°F (24°C) 10.3.3.1 400 (2758) X X X
A
dry at 160°F (71.1°C) 10.3.3.2 or 10.3.3.3 250 (1724) X X X
Two-cycle boil 10.3.3.4 see Table 2 X
48-h soak 10.3.3.5 250 (1724) X X
A
Humidity exposure 10.3.3.6 250 (1724) X
B B B B
Freeze-thaw stability 10.3.3.7 optional optional optional
C C C C
Storage life 10.3.3.8 X X X
A
Or 40 % of dry value at 75°F (24°C), whichever is larger.
B
Testing and certification for freeze-thaw stability is optional. To classify a test adhesive as freeze-thaw stable, test an initial lot of the adhesive brand in accordance with
6.2 and 10.3.3.7.
C
...