ASTM D710-13
(Specification)Standard Specification for Vulcanized Fibre Sheets, Rods, and Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation
Standard Specification for Vulcanized Fibre Sheets, Rods, and Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation
ABSTRACT
This specification covers vulcanized fibres in sheet, round rod, and round tube forms of bone, commercial, and electrical insulation grades. Fibres shall be tested appropriatedly and consequently conform to specified color, chemical composition, flexural strength, impact strength, tearing strength, compressive strength, water absorption, dielectric strength, bursting strength, density, Rockwell hardness, and dimensional and size requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vulcanized fibre (Note 1) sheets, round rods, and round tubes of such grades suitable for use as electrical insulation. Note 1—The variant spelling “fibre” has been approved by Committee D09 for use in this standard.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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Designation:D710 −13
Standard Specification for
Vulcanized Fibre Sheets, Rods, and Tubes Used for
1
Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D710; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 vulcanized fibre, n—a material made from chemically
gelatinized cellulosic paper or board using zinc chloride as the
1.1 This specification covers vulcanized fibre (Note 1)
gelatinizing agent.
sheets, round rods, and round tubes of such grades suitable for
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The zinc chloride is subsequently re-
use as electrical insulation.
moved by leaching. The resulting product, after being dried
NOTE 1—The variant spelling “fibre” has been approved by Committee
and finished by calendering, is a material of partially regener-
D09 for use in this standard.
ated cellulose in which the fibrous structure is retained in
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
varying degrees depending on the grade of paper used and on
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
the processing conditions. Material up to about 25 mm in
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
thickness is produced by bonding multiple layers of paper (or
and are not considered standard.
board) after chemical treatment. Vulcanized fibre does not
contain vulcanized rubber or sulfur as the name might imply.
2. Referenced Documents
Thin vulcanized fibre has sometimes been termed “fish paper.”
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D495Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArc
4. Grades
Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
4.1 Threegradesofvulcanizedfibrearecovered,asfollows:
D619Test Methods forVulcanized Fibre Used for Electrical
Insulation 4.1.1 Bone Grade—This grade is characterized by the
D696TestMethodforCoefficientofLinearThermalExpan- greater hardness and stiffness associated with higher density. It
sion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous machinesmoresmoothlyandwithlesstendencytoseparatethe
Silica Dilatometer plies in difficult machining operations than the other grades. It
1 1
D952Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of Sheet is made in thickness of ⁄32 to ⁄4in. (0.79 to 6.35 mm).
Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
4.1.2 Commercial Grade—This grade is considered as the
D3636Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid
general-purpose grade and is sometimes referred to as me-
Electrical Insulating Materials
chanical and electrical grade. It possesses good physical and
3
2.2 Other Documents:
electrical properties and can be fabricated satisfactorily by
IEEE Publication No. 1,“General Principles for Tempera-
punching, turning, and forming operations. It is made in
1
ture Limits in the Rating of Electrical Equipment.”
thicknesses from 0.010 to ⁄4 in. (0.25 to 6.35 mm).
4.1.3 Electrical Insulation Grade—This grade is intended
3. Terminology
primarily for electrical applications and others involving diffi-
3.1 Definitions:
cult bending or forming operations. It is made in thicknesses
1
from 0.004 to ⁄8 in. (0.10 to 3.2 mm). Thin material of this
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
grade is sometimes referred to as “fish paper.”
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.
4.2 Thethreegradesoffibreareavailableinlaminatedsheet
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally
form in greater thicknesses than those listed in 4.1.1 to 4.1.3.
ε1
approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D710–97(2009) .
Laminated (or built-up) fibre is composed of a number of plies
DOI: 10.1520/D0710-13.
2
bondedtogetherwithasuitableadhesive.Itretainsallthebasic
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
properties of solid fibre, including high arc resistance on edges
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and faces, and in addition has better dimensional stability and
the ASTM website.
3 less warpage. Laminated fibre is usually furnished when the
Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),
1
445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http://www.ieee.org. thickness is over ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm), and is potentially be
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM Int
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D710 − 97 (Reapproved 2009) D710 − 13 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Vulcanized Fibre Sheets, Rods, and Tubes Used for
1
Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D710; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—The units statement in 1.2 was revised editorially in May 2009.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers vulcanized fibre (Note 1) sheets, round rods, and round tubes of such grades suitable for use as
electrical insulation.
NOTE 1—The variant spelling “fibre” has been approved by Committee D09 for use in this standard.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)
3
D619 Test Methods for Vulcanized Fibre Used for Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)
D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous Silica
Dilatometer
D952 Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of Sheet Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
4
2.2 Other Documents:
IEEE Publication No. 1, “General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of Electrical Equipment.”
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 vulcanized fibre, n—a material made from chemically gelatinized cellulosic paper or board using zinc chloride as the
gelatinizing agent.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009Nov. 1, 2013. Published September 2009November 2013. Originally approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 20022009
ε1
as D710 – 97(2002).(2009) . DOI: 10.1520/D0710-97R09E01.10.1520/D0710-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), 445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http://www.ieee.org.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The zinc chloride is subsequently removed by leaching. The resulting product, after being dried and finished by calendering, is a
material of partially regenerated cellulose in which the fibrous structure is retained in varying degrees depending on the grade of
paper used and on the processing conditions. Material up to about 25 mm in thickness is produced by bonding multiple layers of
paper (or board) after chemical treatment. Vulcanized fibre does not contain vulcanized rubber or sulfur as the name might imply.
Thin vulcanized fibre has sometimes been termed “fish paper.”
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D710 − 13
4. Grades
4.1 Three grades of vulcanized fibre are covered, as follows:
4.1.1 Bone Grade—This grade is characterized by the greater hardness and stiffness associated with higher density. It machines
more smoothly and with less tendency to separate the plies in difficult machining operations than the other grades. It is made in
1 1
thickness of ⁄32 to ⁄4 in. (0.79 to 6.35 mm).
4.1.2 Commercial Grade—This grade is considered as the general-purpose grade and is sometimes referred to as mechanical
and electrical grade. It possesses good physical and electrical properties and can be fabricated satisfactorily by punching, turning,
1
and forming operations. It is made in thicknesses from 0.010 to ⁄4 in. (0.2
...
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