Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged turnbuckles with and without jam nuts.
1.2 A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, etc.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information purposes only and may be approximate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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Publication Date
14-Aug-1992
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ASTM F1145-92(1996) - Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F 1145 – 92 (Reapproved 1996) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1145; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.4 Military Standards:
MIL-STD-1186 Cushioning, Anchoring, Bracing, Blocking,
1.1 This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged
and Waterproofing; with Appropriate Test Methods
turnbuckles with and without jam nuts.
MIL-STD-2073-1 DoD Material Procedures for Develop-
1.2 A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve
ment and Application of Packaging Requirements
intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw
2.5 Military Specification:
at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, etc.
MIL-P-116 Preservation, Methods of
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
MIL-L-19140 Lumber and Plywood, Fire-Retardant Treated
as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for informa-
2.6 Federal Specifications:
tion purposes only and may be approximate.
PPP-B-636 Boxes, Shipping, Fiberboard
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
PPP-F-320 Fiberboard: Corrugated and Solid Sheet Stock
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(Container Grade) and Cut Shapes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.7 Federal Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
FED-STD-123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Classification
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the following types and grades, as specified (see 4.1.3 and
A 29 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-
2 4.1.7):
Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirements for
3.1.1 Type I—Open turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.4–5.2.7)
A 153 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and
Grade
Steel Hardware
1 Forged
B 633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc
2 Spread
on Iron and Steel
3 Resistance welded
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
4 Arc or gas welded
2.2 AWS Standards:
3.1.2 Type II—Pipe turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.8).
A5.1 Covered Carbon Steel Arc Welding Electrodes
3.1.3 Type III—Rigging turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.9).
A5.2 Iron and Steel Oxyfuel Gas Welding Rods
3.2 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be of
A5.5 Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrodes
the following classes and sizes, as specified (see 4.1.3):
2.3 ANSI Standards:
3.2.1 Classes:
B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread
A—turnbuckle, body only without end pulls, heads not
Form)
drilled.
B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts
B—turnbuckle, body only without end pulls, heads threaded
right and left hand.
C—turnbuckle with stub and stub end pulls, complete.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-25 on D—turnbuckle with eye and eye end pulls, complete.
Shipbuilding and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on General
E—turnbuckle with hook and hook end pulls, complete.
Requirements.
F—turnbuckle with hook and eye end pulls, complete.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1992. Published October 1992. Originally
G—turnbuckle with jaw and jaw end pulls, complete.
published as F 1145 – 88. Last previous edition F 1145 – 88.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
H—turnbuckle with jaw and eye end pulls, complete.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.
3.2.1.1 The arrangement of turnbuckle bodies and end pulls
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
5 for Classes C, D, E, F, G, and H shall be similar to Fig. 1.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Available from American Welding Society, 550 NW LeJeune Road, Miami, FL
33126.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1145
TABLE 1 Turnbuckle Bodies, Classes A and B, and Turnbuckles,
Class C
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
Size
Thread,
Clear Opening Between Head, in.
Nominal
Outside
Diameter,
4412 6 9 1218243648
/
in.
1 4 X . . . . . . . .
/
5 16 . X . . . . . . .
/
3 8 . . X . . . . . .
/
1 2 . . X X X . . . .
/
58 . . XXXX . . .
/
34 . . XXXXX . .
/
7 8 . . X . X X X . .
/
1 . . X . XXXX .
114 . . X . XXXX .
/
13 8 . . X . . . . . .
/
112 . . X . XXXXX
/
134 . . X . . XXXX
/
2 . . X . . . X X X
21 4 . . X . . . X X X
/
21 2 . . X . . . X X X
/
23 4 . . X . . . . . X
/
3 . . X . . . . . X
31 2 . . X . . . . . X
/
4 . . X . . . . . X
TABLE 2 Turnbuckles, Classes D, E, F, G, and H.
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm
Size
Thread,
Clear Opening Between Heads, in.
Nominal
Outside
Diameter,
4412 6 9 1218243648
FIG. 1 Classes of Turnbuckles
/
in.
1 4 X . . . . . . . .
/
5 16 . X . . . . . . .
3.2.2 Sizes—Shall be as listed in Table 1 and Table 2. /
3 8 . . X . . . . . .
/
1 2 . . X X X . . . .
/
4. Ordering Information
58 . . XXXX . . .
/
34 . . XXXXX . .
/
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
7 8 . . . . X X X . .
/
the following information:
1 . . . . XXXX .
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue, 114 . . . . XXXX .
/
112 . . . . XXXXX
/
4.1.2 Quantity required,
134 . . . . . XXXX
/
4.1.3 Type, class, and size (see 3.1, 3.2, and 8.1),
2 . . . . . . X X X
21 4 . . . . . . X X X
4.1.4 Material, if different (see 5.1.1),
/
21 2 . . . . . . X X X
/
4.1.5 Type thread required (see 7.3),
4.1.6 Type finish required (see 9.3),
4.1.7 Grade required, if Type I is specified (see 3.1.1),
4.1.8 Optional requirements, if any (see S1 and S2).
selected from Groups 1016 to 1020, inclusive in accordance
with Specification A 29.
5. Materials and Manufacture 5
5.1.4 Jaw end pulls ⁄8 in. (16 mm) and smaller shall be
5.1 Materials: provided with a steel hexagon head bolt and nut of commercial
5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified (see 4.1.4), turnbuckle and quality. Jaw end pulls ⁄4 in. (19 mm) and larger shall be
end pulls shall be made from steel of a grade which will meet provided with a round head steel pin and cotter of commercial
the requirements of Table 3. value.
5.1.2 For materials used for welded turnbuckle bodies, eye 5.2 Manufacture:
and jaw end pulls, the carbon shall be 0.25 % maximum, sulfur 5.2.1 Eye End Pulls—Eye end pulls shall be forged, resis-
0.05 % maximum, and phosphorus 0.05 % maximum. tance welded, or arc or gas welded, at the option of the
5.1.3 Heavy jam nuts shall be right-hand or left-hand producer, except that when forged bodies are specified, forged-
threaded, as required, and made of carbon steel of a type eye end pulls shall be required.
F 1145
TABLE 3 Breaking Strength of Turnbuckles (Complete With End Pulls)
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
NOTE 2—1 lb = 0.45 kg.
Size, Nominal Strength Breaking, min, lbf (N) Recommended Working Loads, lbf (N)
Outside
Type I, Grade 1 All Others Type I, Grade 1 All Others
Diameter
of Thread, in.
Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye,
Hook Hook Hook Hook
or Stub or Stub or Stub or Stub
End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls
End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls
1 4 2 500 (11) 1 500 (7) 1 550 (7) 1 050 (5) 500 (2) 300 (1.3) 310 (1.4) 210 (0.9)
/
5 16 3 500 (16) 2 500 (11) 2 700 (12) 1 650 (7.3) 700 (3) 500 (2.2) 540 (2.4) 330 (1.5)
/
3 8 5 200 (23) 3 500 (16) 4 100 (18) 2 300 (10) 1 040 (4.6) 700 (3.1) 820 (3.6) 460 (2)
/
1 2 9 000 (40) 5 200 (23) 7 550 (34) 3 700 (16.4) 1 800 (8) 1 040 (8) 1 500 (7) 740 (3.3)
/
5 8 13 500 (60) 8 000 (36) 12 100 (54) 5 400 (24) 2 700 (12) 1 600 (7.1) 2 400 (11) 1 080 (4.8)
/
3 4 20 000 (89) 10 000 (44) 18 100 (81) 7 500 (33) 4 000 (18) 2 000 (9) 3 600 (16) 1 500 (7)
/
7 8 29 000 (129) 12 000 (53) 25 100 (112) 10 000 (44) 5 800 (26) 2 400 (11) 5 000 (22) 2 000 (9)
/
1 38 000 (169) 14 500 (64) 33 100 (147) 12 800 (57) 7 600 (34) 2 900 (13) 6 600 (29) 2 560 (11.4)
11 4 60 000 (267) 23 000 (102) 53 600 (238) 20 600 (92) 12 000 (53) 4 600 (20) 10 700 (48) 4 120 (18.3)
/
13 8 72 000 (320) 29 000 (129) 63 400 (282) 24 300 (108) 14 400 (64) 5 800 (26) 12 600 (56) 4 860 (22)
/
11 2 85 000 (378) 36 000 (160) 77 700 (345) 29 300 (130) 17 000 (76) 7 200 (32) 15 500 (69) 5 860 (26.1)
/
13 4 115 000 (511) . . . 105 000 (467) . . . 23 000 (102) . . . 21 000 (93) . . .
/
2 150 000 (667) . . . 138 000 (614) . . . 30 000 (133) . . . 27 600 (122) . . .
21 4 197 000 (876) . . . 181 000 (805) . . . 39 400 (175) . . . 36 200 (161) . . .
/
21 2 242 000 (1076) . . . 223 000 (992) . . . 48 400 (215) . . . 44 600 (198) . . .
/
23 4 304 000 (1352) . . . 277 000 (1232) . . . 60 800 (270) . . . 55 400 (246) . . .
/
3 350 000 (1556) . . . 337 000 (1499) . . . 70 000 (311) . . . 67 400 (300) . . .
31 4 400 000 (1779) . . . 400 000 (1779) . . . 80 000 (356) . . . 80 000 (356) . . .
/
31 2 475 000 (2112) . . . 475 000 (2113) . . . 95 000 (423) . . . 95 000 (423) . . .
/
33 4 550 000 (2446) . . . 550 000 (2446) . . . 110 000 (489) . . . 110 000 (489) . . .
/
4 635 000 (2824) . . . 635 000 (2824) . . . 127 000 (565) . . . 127 000 (565) . . .
5.2.1.1 Each forged-eye end pull shall be forged at elevated
temperature to final shape and size and shall be similar to Fig.
2. The shape of the eye may be either oval or round.
5.2.1.2 Resistance-welded eye end pulls shall be similar to
Fig. 3. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material by
bending the material to form the eye and joined by resistance
welding process.
5.2.1.3 Arc- or gas-welded eye end pulls shall be similar to
Fig. 4. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material by
FIG. 3 Resistance-Welded-Eye End Pull
FIG. 4 Arc or Gas Welded-Eye End Pull
bending the material to form the eye and joined by welding.
The cross-sectional area through the weld shall be not less than
the cross-sectional area of the bar.
5.2.2 Jaw End Pulls—Jaw end pulls shall be forged, arc or
gas welded, or upset, at the option of the producer, except that
if forged bodies are specified, forged-jaw end pulls shall be
provided.
5.2.2.1 Forged-jaw end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 5.
5.2.2.2 Arc- or gas-welded end pulls shall be similar to Fig.
FIG. 2 Forged-Eye End Pull 6.
F 1145
FIG. 7 Upset Jaw End Pull
FIG. 5 Forged-Jaw End Pull
FIG. 8 Hook End Pull
FIG. 6 Arc or Gas Welded-Jaw End Pull
FIG. 9 Type I, Grade 1, Open Turnbuckle Body, Forged
5.2.2.3 Upset jaw end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 7. near one end to the other end by any suitable means, such as an
5.2.3 Hook End Pulls—Hook end pulls shall be forged and oxyacetylene cutting torch; the resulting reins shall then be
be similar to Fig. 8. spread apart at elevated temperatures to final shape and size.
5.2.4 Type I, Grade 1 Turnbuckles—Each forged turnbuckle The bodies shall be similar to Fig. 10. The shape of the cross
body shall be forged at elevated temperature to final shape and section of the material shall be at the option of the producer.
size and shall be similar to Fig. 9. The shape of the head of the 5.2.6 Type I, Grade 3 Turnbuckles—Each resistance-welded
turnbuckle shall be either round or hexagonal. turnbuckle body shall be fabricated by joining two formed
5.2.5 Type I, Grade 2 Turnbuckles—For each spread turn- pieces of material by either the flash or upset welding process.
buckle body, one piece of material shall be cut lengthwise from The welds shall be parallel to the long axis of the piece. The
F 1145
FIG. 10 Type I, Grade 2, Open Turnbuckle Body, Spread
FIG. 12 Type I, Grade 4, Open Turnbuckle Body, Arc or Gas
Welded
surfaces to be joined shall be held in intimate contact by
external forces, an electric current passed through the surfaces,
and the weld consolidated by the forces. The bodies shall be
similar to Fig. 11. The shape of the cross section of the pieces
shall be at the option of the producer.
5.2.7 Type I, Grade 4 Turnbuckles—The welds shall be
either electric arc or oxyacetylene (gas) at the option of the
producer. Arc- or gas-welded turnbuckle bodies shall be
fabricated by joining four pieces of material by welds similar
FIG. 13 Type II, Pipe Turnbuckle Body
to Fig. 12. The faces of the welds shall not be concave but may
be somewhat convex.
5.2.8 Type II, Pipe—Pipe turnbuckle bodies shall be forged,
swaged, spun, drawn, or upset in way of the threaded ends, and
shall be similar to Fig. 13.
5.2.9 Type III, Rigging—Rigging turnbuckle bodies shall be
forged, similar to Fig. 14, and shall be provided with a heavy
jam nut (see 5.1.3) of a type which does not depend upon
deformation of the threads for security.
FIG. 14 Type III, Rigging Turnbuckle Body
6. Mechanical Properties
6.1 The breaking strength of turnbuckles, equipped with end
ANSI B 1.1 (see 4.1.5). Unified threads in the coarse (UNC)
pulls, shall be not less than the value given in Table 3 for the
and fine (UNF) standard series should be used. If neither is
required size, type, and grade of end pull specified.
specified, the threads will be in the UNC series. If the standard
6.2 End pulls shall be capable of bending through an angle
diameter-pitch combinations are not suitable, the UNS threads
of 90° around a pin twice the nominal major diameter of the
with dimensions in accordance with ANSI B 1.1 should be
end pull without either crack or rupture.
used.
6.3 End pulls for Classes D, E, F, G, and H shall be capable
7.3.1 Threads on the finished turnbuckle shall not be looser
of supporting a load equal to one half of the specified breaking
than class 1A/1B fit. If coated turnbuckles are specified, the
strength without permanent deformation.
male threads on the end pulls may be undercut, as necessary, so
7. Other Requirements that after coating they will properly mate (not looser than
1A/1B fit) with the standard size female threads of the
7.1 All arc-welded bodies, eyes, and jaws shall be welded
turnbuckle bodies.
with Type 7015, 7016, 8
...

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