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ASTM D1159-07(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration

Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315°C (600°F).
The bromine number of commercial aliphatic monoolefins provides supporting evidence of their purity and identity.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bromine number of the following materials:
1.1.1 Petroleum distillates that are substantially free of material lighter than isobutane and that have 90 % distillation points (by Test Method D86) under 327°C (626°F). This test method is generally applicable to gasoline (including leaded, unleaded, and oxygenated fuels), kerosine, and distillates in the gas oil range that fall in the following limits: 90 % Distillation Point, °C (°F)Bromine Number, max2 Under 205 (400)175   205 to 327 (400 to 626) 10
1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.
Note 1—These limits are imposed since the precision of this test method has been determined only up to or within the range of these bromine numbers.  
1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.
1.3 For petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures of bromine number less than 1.0, a more precise measure for bromine-reactive constituents can be obtained by using Test Method D2710. If the bromine number is less than 0.5, then Test Method D2710 or the comparable bromine index methods for industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, Test Methods D1492 or D5776 must be used in accordance with their respective scopes. The practice of using a factor of 1000 to convert bromine number to bromine index is not applicable for these lower values of bromine number.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 9.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Apr-2012
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.06 - Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1159-07 - Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration
Effective Date
15-Apr-2012
Referred By
ASTM D2710-20 - Standard Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Electrometric Titration
Effective Date
15-Apr-2012
Referred By
ASTM D235-22 - Standard Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
Effective Date
15-Apr-2012
Referred By
ASTM D3735-22 - Standard Specification for VM&P Naphthas
Effective Date
15-Apr-2012
Referred By
ASTM D5776-21 - Standard Test Method for Bromine Index of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Electrometric Titration
Effective Date
15-Apr-2012

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ASTM D1159-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric TitrationASTM D1159-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration
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ASTM D1159-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1159 −07 (Reapproved 2012)
Designation: 130/98
Standard Test Method for
Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial
1
Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* constituents can be obtained by using Test Method D2710.If
2 the bromine number is less than 0.5, then Test Method D2710
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
or the comparable bromine index methods for industrial
bromine number of the following materials:
aromatic hydrocarbons, Test Methods D1492 or D5776 must
1.1.1 Petroleum distillates that are substantially free of
be used in accordance with their respective scopes. The
material lighter than isobutane and that have 90 % distillation
practice of using a factor of 1000 to convert bromine number
points (by Test Method D86) under 327°C (626°F). This test
to bromine index is not applicable for these lower values of
method is generally applicable to gasoline (including leaded,
bromine number.
unleaded,andoxygenatedfuels),kerosine,anddistillatesinthe
gas oil range that fall in the following limits: 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
2
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
90 % Distillation Point, °C (°F) Bromine Number, max
Under 205 (400) 175
only.
205 to 327 (400 to 626) 10
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
trimerandtetramer,butenedimer,andmixednonenes,octenes,
warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 9.
and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal
alpha-olefins. 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—These limits are imposed since the precision of this test
method has been determined only up to or within the range of these
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
bromine numbers.
Atmospheric Pressure
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication
of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an iden- D1492 Test Method for Bromine Index of Aromatic Hydro-
carbons by Coulometric Titration
tificationofconstituents;therefore,itsapplicationasameasure
of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the D2710 Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hydro-
carbons by Electrometric Titration
study given in Annex A1.
D5776 Test Method for Bromine Index of Aromatic Hydro-
1.3 For petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures of bromine num-
carbons by Electrometric Titration
ber less than 1.0, a more precise measure for bromine-reactive
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3.1.1 bromine number—the number of grams of bromine
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.
that will react with 100 g of the specimen under the conditions
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
of the test.
Committee.
Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally
3
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1159–07. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D1159-07R12. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Dubois, H. D., and Skoog, D. A., “Determination of Bromine Addition Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Numbers,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol 20, 1948, pp. 624–627. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1159−07 (2012)
4. Summary of Test Method sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
accuracy of the
...

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ASTM D1159-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
5.2 The bromine number of commercial aliphatic monoolefins provides supporting evidence of their purity and identity.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method3 covers the determination of the bromine number of the following materials:  
1.1.1 Petroleum distillates that are substantially free of material lighter than isobutane and that have 90 % distillation points (by Test Method D86) under 327 °C (626 °F). This test method is generally applicable to gasoline (including leaded, unleaded, and oxygenated fuels), kerosine, and distillates in the gas oil range that fall in the following limits:    
90 % Distillation Point, °C (°F)  
Bromine Number, max3    
Under 205 (400)  
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1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
Note 1: These limits are imposed since the precision of this test method has been determined only up to or within the range of these bromine numbers.  
1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.  
1.3 For petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures of bromine number less than 1.0, a more precise measure for bromine-reactive constituents can be obtained by using Test Method D2710. If the bromine number is less than 0.5, then Test Method D2710 or the comparable bromine index methods for industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, Test Methods D1492 or D5776 must be used in accordance with their respective scopes. The practice of using a factor of 1000 to convert bromine number to bromine index is not applicable for these lower values of bromine number.  
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5.1 The results obtained by this test are a useful guideline in determining the ability of water-miscible metalworking fluids to prevent or minimize rust under specific conditions. There is usually a relationship between the results of this test and a similar ability of the subject coolant to prevent rust on nested parts or in drilled holes containing chips, etc. It must be understood, however, that conditions, metal types, etc. found in practice will not correlate quantitatively with these controlled laboratory conditions. The procedure may not be able to differentiate between two products with poor rust control due to the wide spacing between test dilutions.
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ASTM D4177-22e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

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4.1 Representative samples of petroleum and petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties, which are used to establish standard volumes, prices, and compliance with commercial terms and regulatory requirements. This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. This practice does not address how to sample crude at temperatures below the freezing point of water.
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This part is applicable to all petroleum liquid sampling whether it be crude oil or refined products. Review this section before designing or installing any automatic sampling system.
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1.1 This practice describes general procedures and equipment for automatically obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum products, crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container. This practice also provides additional specific information about sample container selection, preparation, and sample handling. If sampling is for the precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample mixing and handling, refer to Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids.  
1.2 Table of Contents:    
Section  
INTRODUCTION  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Significance and Use  
4  
PART I–GENERAL  
Representative Sampling Components  
5  
Design Criteria  
6  
Automatic Sampling Systems  
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Sampling Location  
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Proportionality  
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Performance Monitoring  
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PART III–REFINED PRODUCTS  
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KEYWORDS  
Keywords  
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ANNEXES  
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Annex A1  
Theoretical Calculations for Selecting the Sampler Probe Location  
Annex A2  
Portable Sampling Units  
Annex A3  
Profile Performance Test  
Annex A4  
Sampler Acceptance Test Data  
Annex A5  
APPENDIXES  
Design Data Sheet for Automatic Sampling System  
Appendix X1  
Comparisons of Percent Sediment and Water versus Unloading Time Period  
Appendix X2  
Sampling Frequency and Sampling System Monitoring Spreadsheet  
Appendix X3  
Sampling System Monitoring—Additional Diagnostics  
Appendix X4  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or US Customary (USC) units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Except where there is no direct SI equivalent, such as for National Pipe Threads/diameters, or tubing.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D4057-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Samples of petroleum and petroleum products are obtained for many reasons, including the determination of chemical and physical properties. These properties may be used for: calculating standard volumes; establishing product value; and often safety and regulatory reporting.  
4.2 There are inherent limitations when performing any type of sampling, any one of which may affect the representative nature of the sample. As examples, a spot sample provides a sample from only one particular point in the tank, vessel compartment, or pipeline. In the case of running or all-level samples, the sample only represents the column of material from which it was taken.  
4.3 Based on the product, and testing to be performed, this practice provides guidance on sampling equipment, container preparation, and manual sampling procedures for petroleum and petroleum products of a liquid, semi-liquid, or solid state, from the storage tanks, flowlines, pipelines, marine vessels, process vessels, drums, cans, tubes, bags, kettles, and open discharge streams into the primary sample container.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment for manually obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum products, crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container are described. Procedures are also included for the sampling of free water and other heavy components associated with petroleum and petroleum products.  
1.2 This practice also addresses the sampling of semi-liquid or solid-state petroleum products. For the sampling of green petroleum coke, see Practice D8145. For the sampling of calcined petroleum coke, see Practice D6970.  
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ASTM D5291-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is the first ASTM standard covering the simultaneous determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in petroleum products and lubricants.  
5.2 Carbon, hydrogen, and particularly nitrogen analyses are useful in determining the complex nature of sample types covered by this test method. The CHN results can be used to estimate the processing and refining potentials and yields in the petrochemical industry.  
5.3 The concentration of nitrogen is a measure of the presence of nitrogen containing additives. Knowledge of its concentration can be used to predict performance. Some petroleum products also contain naturally occurring nitrogen. Knowledge of hydrogen content in samples is helpful in addressing their performance characteristics. Hydrogen to carbon ratio is useful to assess the performance of upgrading processes.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the instrumental determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in laboratory samples of petroleum products and lubricants. Values obtained represent the total carbon, the total hydrogen, and the total nitrogen.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable to samples such as crude oils, fuel oils, additives, and residues for carbon and hydrogen and nitrogen analysis. These test methods were tested in the concentration range of at least 75 % to 87 % by mass for carbon, at least 9 % to 16 % by mass for hydrogen, and  
1.3 The nitrogen test method is not applicable to light materials or those containing  
1.3.1 However, using Test Method D levels of 0.1 % by mass nitrogen in lubricants could be determined.  
1.4 These test methods are not recommended for the analysis of volatile materials such as gasoline, gasoline-oxygenate blends, or gasoline type aviation turbine fuels.  
1.5 The results of these tests can be expressed as mass % carbon, hydrogen or nitrogen.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6304-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the water content is important in the manufacturing, purchase, sale, or transfer of petroleum products to help in predicting their quality and performance characteristics.  
5.2 The presence of moisture could lead to premature corrosion and wear, an increase in the debris load resulting in diminished lubrication and premature plugging of filters, an impedance in the effect of additives, and undesirable support of deleterious bacterial growth.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the direct determination of entrained water in petroleum products and hydrocarbons using automated instrumentation. This test method also covers the indirect analysis of water thermally removed from samples and swept with dry inert gas into the Karl Fischer titration cell. Mercaptan, sulfide (S– or H2S), sulfur, and other compounds are known to interfere with this test method (see Section 6). The precision statement of this method covers the nominal range of 20 mg/kg to 25 000 mg/kg for Procedure A, 30 mg/kg to 2100 mg/kg for Procedure B, and 20 mg/kg to 360 mg/kg for Procedure C.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with commercially available coulometric Karl Fischer reagents and for the determination of water in additives, lube oils, base oils, automatic transmission fluids, hydrocarbon solvents, and other petroleum products. By proper choice of the sample size, this test method may be used for the determination of water from mg/kg to percent level concentrations.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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