ASTM D1403-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone Equipment
Standard Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone Equipment
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are applicable to greases of National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) consistency numbers 0 to 4 and are intended for use only where the size of the sample prevents the use of Test Methods D217.
5.2 Actual reduced-scale penetration values are not used or reported. They are converted to full-scale penetration values (see Sections 9 and 10). This test method is not intended to replace the full-scale penetration as described in Test Methods D217. Precision is better in the full-scale penetration method.
5.3 Worked penetration results, after conversion to full-scale values, may be used to establish the consistency of lubricating greases within the above NLGI consistency numbers. The results obtained from these test methods are widely used for specification purposes, however, no correlation with field performance has been established.
5.4 Unworked reduced-scale penetration results provide a means of evaluating the effect of storage conditions on grease consistency.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for measuring the consistency of small samples of lubricating greases by penetration of a 1/4-scale cone or a 1/2-scale cone. These test methods include procedures for the measurement of unworked and worked penetrations.
1.2 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent the consistency of greases in use as effectively as do worked penetrations. The latter are usually preferred for inspecting lubricating greases.
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. In the United States, the equipment dimensions stated in inches are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D1403 − 19
Designation: 310/84 (92)
Standard Test Methods for
Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease Using One-Quarter
1
and One-Half Scale Cone Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1403; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for measuring
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
the consistency of small samples of lubricating greases by
Grease
1 1
penetration of a ⁄4-scale cone or a ⁄2-scale cone. These test
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
methods include procedures for the measurement of unworked
Fuels, and Lubricants
and worked penetrations.
3
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
1.2 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent the
IP50 Method ofTesting for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
consistency of greases in use as effectively as do worked
Grease
penetrations. The latter are usually preferred for inspecting
3. Terminology
lubricating greases.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
3.1.1 consistency, n—of lubricating grease, the degree of
Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.Inthe
resistance to movement under stress.
United States, the equipment dimensions stated in inches are to
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Thetermconsistencyisusedsomewhat
be regarded as the standard.
synonymously with penetration. Generally, consistency refers
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to the worked penetration of a grease. D217
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them. D4175
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.3 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
imparting special properties are often included. D217
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.4 penetration, n—of lubricating grease, the depth that
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the standard cone, when released to fall under its own weight
for 5 s, enters the sample.
3.1.5 penetrometer, n—an instrument that measures the
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
consistency or hardness of semiliquid to semisolid materials by
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests.
2
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Committee. This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committee and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
accepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with established procedures. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2019.PublishedJuly2019.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
3
in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D1403 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
D1403-189. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1403 − 19
measuring the depth to which a specified cone or needle under assembly from the penetrometer and allowing the cone to drop
a given force falls into the material. freely into the grease for 5 s 6 0.1 s.
1
3.1.5.1 Discussion—In these test methods, either a ⁄4-scale
1
5. Significance and Use
cone (A1.1)ora ⁄2-scale cone (A1.3) can be used to determine
the consistency of lubricati
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1403 − 18 D1403 − 19
Designation: 310/84 (92)
Standard Test Methods for
Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease Using One-Quarter
1
and One-Half Scale Cone Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1403; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for measuring the consistency of small samples of lubricating greases by
1 1
penetration of a ⁄4-scale cone or a ⁄2-scale cone. These test methods include procedures for the measurement of unworked and
worked penetrations.
1.2 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent the consistency of greases in use as effectively as do worked penetrations.
The latter are usually preferred for inspecting lubricating greases.
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. In the
United States, the equipment dimensions stated in inches are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
3
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
IP 50 Method of Testing for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 consistency, n—of lubricating grease, the degree of resistance to movement under stress.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The term consistency is used somewhat synonymously with penetration. Generally, consistency refers to the worked penetration
of a grease. D217
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committee and accepted by
the cooperating societies in accordance with established procedures.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018May 1, 2019. Published October 2018July 2019. Originally approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 20102018 as
D1403 – 10.D1403 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D1403-18.10.1520/D1403-189.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1403 − 19
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them. D4175
3.1.3 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
The dispersion of the thickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and other
physical forces. Other ingredients imparting special properties are often included. D217
3.1.4 penetration, n—of lubricating grease, the depth that the standard cone, when released to fall under its own weight for 5 s,
enters the sample.
3.1.5 penetrometer, n—an instrument that measures the consistency or hardness of semiliquid to semisolid materials by
measuring the
...
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