iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D6174-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Inorganic Sulfate in Surfactants by Potentiometric Lead Titration

Standard Test Method for Inorganic Sulfate in Surfactants by Potentiometric Lead Titration

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a potentiometric titration procedure for determining the inorganic sulfate content of surfactants. It is intended for the analysis of α olefin sulfonates, alkane sulfonates, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, and the like.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Aug-2001
ICS
71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
Technical Committee
D12 - Soaps and Other Detergents
Drafting Committee
D12.12 - Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6174-97 - Standard Test Method for Inorganic Sulfate in Surfactants by Potentiometric Lead Titration
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D6174-01(2006) - Standard Test Method for Inorganic Sulfate in Surfactants by Potentiometric Lead Titration (Withdrawn 2015)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2006

Buy Standard

ASTM D6174-01 - Standard Test Method for Inorganic Sulfate in Surfactants by Potentiometric Lead TitrationASTM D6174-01 - Standard Test Method for Inorganic Sulfate in Surfactants by Potentiometric Lead Titration
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D6174-01 - Standard Test Method for Inorganic Sulfate in Surfactants by Potentiometric Lead Titration
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6174 – 01
Standard Test Method for
Inorganic Sulfate in Surfactants by Potentiometric Lead
1
Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6174; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope forusedependsontheirpurity.Sulfatecontent,asmeasuredby
this test method, can be used to estimate the purity of an
1.1 This test method describes a potentiometric titration
anionic surfactant under test.
procedure for determining the inorganic sulfate content of
surfactants. It is intended for the analysis of a-olefin sul-
6. Apparatus
fonates, alkane sulfonates, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether
6.1 Potentiometric Titration Assembly, consisting of an
sulfates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, and the like.
automatic titrator fitted with a lead ion-selective electrode, a
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
double-junction reference electrode, and a 10-mL buret. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
reference electrode should be filled with the standard inner and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
outer filling solutions supplied with it. A TFE-fluorocarbon-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
coated magnetic stirring bar should be used for mixing during
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety
titration, with a separate magnetic stirring motor if the autoti-
Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review
trator is not so equipped.
them for hazards prior to usage.
NOTE 1—Proper care of the lead-selective electrode is essential for
2. Referenced Documents
obtaining high-quality titration curves. Follow manufacturer’s instruc-
tions.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
7. Reagents
3. Terminology
7.1 Glacial Acetic Acid.
7.2 Lead Nitrate, reagent grade.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
7.3 Sodium Sulfate, anhydrous, reagent grade.
3.1.1 inorganic sulfate, n—sulfate species present as sulfu-
7.4 Sodium Perchlorate, reagent grade.
ric acid, ionic salts of this acid, or mixtures of these.
7.5 Ethanol, denatured, formula 3A.
4. Summary of Test Method
7.6 Water, Type III reagent water conforming to Specifica-
3
tion D 1193.
4.1 A surfactant sample containing inorganic sulfate is
titrated in ethanolic medium with a standard lead solution.
8. Preparation of Standard Solutions
Lead sulfate precipitate is formed during the titration. Ethanol
8.1 10 % Acetic Acid—Dilute glacial acetic acid 1/10 with
and sodium perchlorate are present to decrease the solubility of
water.
lead sulfate, thus sharpening the endpoint.Acetic acid is added
8.2 Lead Titrant, 0.05 M—Dissolve 16.6 g lead nitrate in
to remove possible interference from carbonate. The endpoint
300 mL water. Pour into a 1-L bottle and fill with 3A ethanol.
is signaled by an increase in lead ion activity, as measured by
Mix well. Standardize according to 9.1.
a lead-selective electrode.
8.3 Sulfate Standard, 0.05 M—Dry 5 g anhydrous sodium
5. Significance and Use
sulfate at 110°C for 1 h. Accurately weigh about 3.5 g into a
500-mLvolumetric flask, dilute to volume with water, and mix
5.1 Anionic surfactants, such as those listed in 1.1, com-
to dissolve. Calculate the exact concentration as follows:
monly are used in detergent formulations. Their acceptability
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
and Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.12 on Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Analysis of Soaps and Synthetic Detergents. listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2001. Published October 2001. Originally Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
published as D 6174-97. Last previous edition D 6174-97. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 6174
G
10.2 Transfer a portion of test surfactant, equivalent to
5 Molarity (1)
142.02! 0.500!
~ ~
30–50 mg sodium sulfate, to a 50-mL beaker. For example, if
a surfactant is expected to contain 1 % sodium sulfate, weigh
where:
3–5 g to analytical precision into the beaker, or an equivalent
G
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D5544-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for On-Line Measurement of Residue After Evaporation of High-Purity Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Even so-called high-purity water will contain contaminants. While not always present, these contaminants may contribute one or more of the following: dissolved active ionic substances such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, manganese, ammonium, bicarbonates, sulfates, nitrates, chloride and fluoride ions, ferric and ferrous ions, and silicates; dissolved organic substances such as pesticides, herbicides, plasticizers, styrene monomers, deionization resin material; and colloidal suspensions such as silica. While this test method facilitates the monitoring of these contaminants in high-purity water, in real time, with one instrument, this test method is not capable of identifying the various sources of residue contamination or detecting dissolved gases or suspended particles.  
5.2 This test method is calibrated using weighed amounts of an artificial contaminant (potassium chloride). The density of potassium chloride is reasonably typical of contaminants found in high-purity water; however, the response of this test method is clearly based on a response to potassium chloride. The response to actual contaminants found in high-purity water may differ from the test method's calibration. This test method is not different from many other analytical test methods in this respect.  
5.3 Together with other monitoring methods, this test method is useful for diagnosing sources of RAE in ultra-pure water systems. In particular, this test method can be used to detect leakages such as colloidal silica breakthrough from the effluent of a primary anion or mixed-bed deionizer. In addition, this test method has been used to measure the rinse-up time for new liquid filters and has been adapted for batch-type sampling (this adaptation is not described in this test method).  
5.4 Obtaining an immediate indication of contamination in high-purity water has significance to those industries using high-purity water for manufacturing components; production can be halted immediate...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved organic and inorganic matter and colloidal material found in high-purity water used in the semiconductor, and related industries. This material is referred to as residue after evaporation (RAE). The range of the test method is from 0.001 μg/L (ppb) to 60 μg/L (ppb).  
1.2 This test method uses a continuous, real time monitoring technique to measure the concentration of RAE. A pressurized sample of high-purity water is supplied to the test method's apparatus continuously through ultra-clean fittings and tubing. Contaminants from the atmosphere are therefore prevented from entering the sample. General information on the test method and a literature review on the continuous measurement of RAE has been published.2  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 8.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2160-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Heat of Reaction of Thermally Reactive Materials by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in determining the extrapolated onset temperature, the peak heat flow temperature and the heat of reaction of a material. Any onset temperature determined by this test method is not valid for use as the sole information used for determination of storage or processing conditions.  
5.2 This test method is useful in determining the fraction of a reaction that has been completed in a sample prior to testing. This fraction of reaction that has been completed can be a measure of the degree of cure of a thermally reactive polymer or can be a measure of decomposition of a thermally reactive material upon aging.  
5.3 The heat of reaction values may be used in Practice E1231 to determine hazard potential figures-of-merit Explosion Potential and Shock Sensitivity.  
5.4 This test method may be used in research, process control, quality assurance, and specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the exothermic heat of reaction of thermally reactive chemicals or chemical mixtures, using milligram specimen sizes, by differential scanning calorimetry. Such reactive materials may include thermally unstable or thermoset materials.  
1.2 This test method also determines the extrapolated onset temperature and peak heat flow temperature for the exothermic reaction.  
1.3 This test method may be performed on solids, liquids or slurries.  
1.4 The applicable temperature range of this test method is 25 °C to 600 °C.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard is related to Test Method E537, but provides additional information.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5808-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Organic as well as inorganic chlorine compounds can prove harmful to equipment and reactions in processes involving hydrocarbons.  
5.2 Maximum chloride levels are often specified for process streams and for hydrocarbon products.  
5.3 Organic chloride species are potentially damaging to refinery processes. Hydrochloric acid can be produced in hydrotreating or reforming reactors and this acid accumulates in condensing regions of the refinery.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of organic chloride in aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and related chemicals.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with chloride concentrations to 25 mg/kg. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.2 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.7 mg/kg. With careful analytical technique or the measurement of replicates, or both, this method can be used to successfully analyze concentrations below the LOD.
Note 1: The maximum is the highest concentration from the interlaboratory study and the LOD and LOQ were calculated from Performance Testing Program (PTP) data. See Table 1.  
1.3 This test method is preferred over Test Method D5194 for products, such as styrene, that are polymerized by the sodium biphenyl reagent.  
1.4 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.5 Organic chloride values of samples containing inorganic chlorides will be biased high due to partial recovery of inorganic species during combustion. Interference from inorganic species can be reduced by water washing the sample before analysis. This does not apply to water soluble samples.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.3 and Section 9.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6827-02(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Zinc Analysis of Floor Polishes and Floor Polish Polymers By Flame Atomic Absorption (A.A.)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is generally accepted for the preparation of floor polish and floor polish polymers for the analysis of total zinc content. Knowing the total zinc content of a floor finish or polymer can aid in determining the proper disposal method of used or unwanted product.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the analysis of floor polishes and floor polish polymers for total zinc content.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1386-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (see Test Method E1618).  
4.2 This practice is useful to reduce potential fractionation during separation, such as when attempting to distinguish between various grades of fuel oil.  
4.3 This practice is particularly useful for extraction from nonporous surfaces such as glass, or the interior of burned containers. It is also well suited to the extraction of ignitable liquid residues from samples that are not amenable to extraction using Practice E1412.  
4.4 This practice lacks specificity to separate and isolate ignitable liquids from interfering compounds present in the fire debris.  
4.5 This practice is not suitable for the extraction of extremely volatile compounds and ignitable liquids (for example, acetone, butane, ethanol, propane, some cigarette lighter fluids), which could evaporate during the concentration step.  
4.6 This is a destructive technique. Whenever possible, this technique should only be used when a representative portion of the sample can be preserved for reanalysis. Those portions of the sample subjected to this procedure could be unsuitable for resampling. If sample spoliation is an issue, a nondestructive extraction technique (for example, Practices E1412, E2154) should be used prior to this technique.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liquid residue from samples of fire debris using solvent to extract the residue.  
1.2 This practice is suitable for extracting ignitable liquid residues over a wide range of concentrations.  
1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents (Practices E1388, E1412, E1413, E2154, and E3189).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1641-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Decomposition Kinetics by Thermogravimetry Using the Ozawa/Flynn/Wall Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermogravimetry provides a rapid method for determining the temperature-decomposition profile of a material.  
5.2 This test method can be used for estimating lifetimes of materials, using Practice E1877 provided that a relationship has been established between the thermal endurance test results and actual lifetime tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the kinetic parameters, Arrhenius activation energy, and pre-exponential factor by thermogravimetry, based on the assumption that the decomposition obeys first-order kinetics using the Ozawa/Flynn/Wall isoconversional method (1, 2).2  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to materials with well-defined decomposition profiles, namely, a smooth, continuous mass change with a single maximum rate.  
1.3 This test method is normally applicable to decomposition occurring in the range from 400 K to 1300 K (nominally 100 °C to 1000 °C). The temperature range may be extended depending on the instrumentation used.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2403-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Sulfated Ash of Organic Materials by Thermogravimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The sulfated ash value indicates the level of known metal-containing additives or impurities in an organic material. When phosphorus is absent, barium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium are converted to their sulfates. Tin and zinc are converted to their oxides.  
5.2 This test method may be used for research and development, specification acceptance, and quality assurance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of sulfated ash content (sometimes called residue-on-ignition) of organic materials by thermogravimetry. This test method converts common metals found in organic materials (such as sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and tin) into their sulfate salts permitting estimation of their total content as sulfates or oxides. The range of this test method is from 0.1 % to 100 % metal content.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E203-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Titration techniques using KF reagent are one of the most widely used for the determination of water.  
4.2 Although the volumetric KF titration can determine low levels of water, it is generally accepted that coulometric KF titrations (see Test Method E1064) are more accurate for routine determination of very low levels of water. As a general rule, if samples routinely contain water concentrations of 500 mg/kg or less, the coulometric technique should be considered.  
4.3 Applications can be subdivided into two sections: (1) organic and inorganic compounds, in which water may be determined directly, and (2) compounds, in which water cannot be determined directly, but in which interferences may be eliminated by suitable chemical reactions or modifications of the procedure. Further discussion of interferences is included in Section 5 and Appendix X2.  
4.4 Water can be determined directly in the presence of the following types of compounds:    
Organic Compounds  
Acetals  
Ethers  
Acids (Note 1)  
Halides  
Acyl halides  
Hydrocarbons (saturated and unsaturated)  
Alcohols  
Ketones, stable (Note 4)  
Aldehydes, stable (Note 2)  
Nitriles  
Amides  
Orthoesters  
Amines, weak (Note 3)  
Peroxides (hydro, dialkyl)  
Anhydrides  
Sulfides  
Disulfides  
Thiocyanates  
Esters  
Thioesters  
Inorganic Compounds  
Acids (Note 5)  
Cupric oxide  
Acid oxides (Note 6)  
Desiccants  
Aluminum oxides  
Hydrazine sulfate  
Anhydrides  
Salts of organic and inorganic acids (Note 6)  
Barium dioxide  
Calcium carbonate  
Note 1: Some acids, such as formic, acetic, and adipic acid, are slowly esterified. For high accuracy with pyridine-based reagents, use 30 % to 50 % pyridine in methanol as the solvent. When using pyridine-free reagents, commercially available buffer solutions can be added to the sample prior to titration. With formic acid, it may be necessary to use methanol-free solvents and titrants (1).4
N...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended as a general guide for the application of the volumetric Karl Fischer (KF) titration for determining free water and water of hydration in most solid or liquid organic and inorganic compounds. This test method is designed for use with automatic titration systems capable of determining the KF titration end point potentiometrically; however, a manual titration method for determining the end point visually is included as Appendix X1. Samples that are gaseous at room temperature are not covered (see Appendix X4). This test method covers the use of both pyridine and pyridine-free KF reagents for determining water by the volumetric titration. Determination of water using KF coulometric titration is not discussed. By proper choice of the sample size, KF reagent concentration and apparatus, this test method is suitable for measurement of water over a wide concentration range, that is, parts per million to pure water.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in 3.1 and 7.3.3.  
1.4 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions for chemicals used in this test procedure.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4739-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 New and used petroleum products can contain basic constituents that are present as additives. The relative amount of these materials can be determined by titration with acids. The base number is a measure of the amount of basic substances in the oil always under the conditions of the test. It is sometimes used as a measure of lubricant degradation in service. However, any condemning limit shall be empirically established.  
5.2 As stated in 1.2, this test method uses a weaker acid to titrate the base than Test Method D2896, and the titration solvents are also different. Test Method D2896 uses a stronger acid and a more polar solvent system than Test Method D4739. As a result, Test Method D2896 will titrate salts of weak acids (soaps), basic salts of polyacidic bases, and weak alkaline salts of some metals. They do not protect the oil from acidic components due to the degradation of the oil. This test method may produce a falsely exaggerated base number. Test Method D4739 will probably not titrate these weak bases but, if so, will titrate them to a lesser degree of completion. It measures only the basic components of the additive package that neutralizes acids. On the other hand, if the additive package contains weak basic components that do not play a role in neutralizing the acidic components of the degrading oil, then the Test Method D4739 result may be falsely understated.  
5.3 Particular care is required in the interpretation of the base number of new and used lubricants.  
5.3.1 When the base number of the new oil is required as an expression of its manufactured quality, Test Method D2896 is preferred, since it is known to titrate weak bases that this test method may or may not titrate reliably.  
5.3.2 When the base number of in-service or at-term oil is required, this test method is preferred because in many cases, especially for internal combustion engine oils, weakly basic degradation products are possible. Test Method D2896 will titrate these, thu...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of basic constituents in petroleum products and new and used lubricants. This test method resolves these constituents into groups having weak-base and strong-base ionization properties, provided the dissociation constants of the more strongly basic compounds are at least 1000 times than that of the next weaker groups. This test method covers base numbers up to 250.  
1.2 In new and used lubricants, the constituents that can be considered to have basic properties are primarily organic and inorganic bases, including amino compounds. This test method uses hydrochloric acid as the titrant, whereas Test Method D2896 uses perchloric acid as the titrant. This test method may or may not titrate these weak bases and, if so, it will titrate them to a lesser degree of completion; some additives such as inhibitors or detergents may show basic characteristics.  
1.3 When testing used engine lubricants, it should be recognized that certain weak bases are the result of the service rather than having been built into the oil. This test method can be used to indicate relative changes that occur in oil during use under oxidizing or other service conditions regardless of the color or other properties of the resulting oil. The values obtained, however, are intended to be compared with the other values obtained by this test method only; base numbers obtained by this test method are not intended to be equal to values by other test methods. Although the analysis is made under closely specified conditions, this test method is not intended to, and does not, result in reported basic properties that can be used under all service conditions to predict performance of an oil; for example, no overall relationship is known between bearing corrosion or the control of corrosive wear in the engine and base number.  
1.4 This test method was developed as an alternative for the former base numb...

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5984-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Semi-Quantitative Field Test Method for Base Number in New and Used Lubricants by Color-Indicator Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 New and used petroleum products can contain basic constituents that are present as additives or as degradation products formed during service. The amount of these additives in an oil can be determined by titrating against an acid. The base number is a measure of the amount of basic substance in the oil, always under the conditions of the test. A decrease in base number is often used as a measure of lubricant degradation, but any condemning limits must be empirically established.  
5.2 This test method uses reagents that are considered less hazardous than most reagents used in alternate base number methods. It uses pre-packaged reagents to facilitate base number determinations in the field where scientific equipment is unavailable and quick results are at a premium.
Note 1: Results obtained by this test method3 are similar to those obtained by Test Method D2896.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the basic constituents in petroleum products in the field or laboratory using a pre-packaged test kit. The test uses a micro-titration resulting in a visual endpoint facilitated by a color indicator.  
1.1.1 This test method covers base numbers from 0 to 20. It can be extended to higher ranges by diluting the sample or by using a smaller sample size; however, the precision data were obtained for base numbers up to 20.  
1.2 This test method can be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil during use under oxidizing conditions. Although the test is performed under closely specified conditions with standardized reagents, the test method does not measure an absolute basic property that can be used to predict performance of an oil under service conditions. No general relationship between bearing corrosion and base number is known.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off