ASTM F2105-21

Standard Test Method for Measuring Air Performance Characteristics of Vacuum Cleaner Motor/Fan Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test results allow the comparison of the maximum air power at the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system inlet under the conditions of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining air performance characteristics of series universal motor/fan systems used in commercial and household upright, canister, stick, hand-held utility, combination-type vacuum cleaners, and household central vacuum cleaning systems.  
1.2 These tests and calculations include determination of suction, airflow, air power, maximum air power, and input power under specified operating conditions.
Note 1: For more information on air performance characteristics, see References (1) through (2).2  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2021
• ICS: 23.120 - Ventilators. Fans. Air-conditioners
• ICS: 97.080 - Cleaning appliances
• Technical Committee: F11 - Vacuum Cleaners
• Drafting Committee: F11.22 - Air Performance

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E177-14 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2014
• Refers: ASTM E1-13 - Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM E177-13 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM E691-13 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM E691-11 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2011
• Refers: ASTM E2251-11 - Standard Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Refers: ASTM E2251-10 - Standard Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2010
• Refers: ASTM E177-10 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Refers: ASTM F431-04(2008) - Standard Specification for Air Performance Measurement Plenum Chamber for Vacuum Cleaners
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Refers: ASTM E691-08 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM E177-08 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM E1-07 - Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Refers: ASTM E2251-07 - Standard Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Refers: ASTM E177-06b - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2006
• Refers: ASTM E177-06a - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2006

Overview

ASTM F2105-21: Standard Test Method for Measuring Air Performance Characteristics of Vacuum Cleaner Motor/Fan Systems is a critical international standard developed by ASTM International. This standard specifies procedures to evaluate the air performance characteristics of series universal motor/fan systems used in a variety of vacuum cleaner types, including household and commercial upright, canister, stick, hand-held utility, combination-type vacuums, and central vacuum systems.

The method focuses on testing the maximum air power at the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system inlet, providing standardized, repeatable conditions for comparative performance assessment. The standard is vital for manufacturers, testing laboratories, and quality control teams involved in vacuum cleaner development and certification.

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Key Topics

• Air Performance Characteristics: Procedures for testing and calculating suction, airflow, air power, maximum air power, and input power under specified conditions.
• Applicability: Covers a wide range of vacuum cleaner types and models, enhancing comparability across commercial and household appliances.
• Testing Conditions: Establishes detailed requirements for equipment, sampling, and preparation to ensure consistent and accurate measurements.
• Data Corrections: Provides methods to correct measurements to standard atmospheric conditions, ensuring valid comparisons.
• Precision and Repeatability: Outlines statistical requirements for repeatability and reproducibility to guarantee result reliability.
• Reporting: Specifies the minimum information to be recorded and reported after testing for proper product evaluation and regulatory compliance.

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Applications

The ASTM F2105-21 standard drives effective performance benchmarking and quality assurance in several contexts:

• Product Development: Vacuum cleaner manufacturers utilize the standardized test method to optimize and compare motor/fan system efficiencies across different models and designs.
• Quality Control: Testing laboratories rely on the standard to verify that products consistently deliver specified performance metrics, such as suction power and airflow.
• Regulatory Compliance: Use of the method can support claims of compliance with national and international consumer safety and performance regulations.
• Market Differentiation: Brands can leverage verified performance characteristics to distinguish their vacuum cleaners in marketing material and product labeling.
• Performance Validation: Centralized testing methods allow for cross-laboratory comparisons, ensuring that results are valid and reproducible for a global market.

Understanding and following ASTM F2105-21 enhances trust between manufacturers, consumers, and regulatory bodies by providing transparent and objective criteria for air performance measurements.

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Related Standards

The effectiveness of ASTM F2105-21 is strengthened when used in conjunction with related international and ASTM standards, including:

• ASTM F431: Specification for Air Performance Measurement Plenum Chamber for Vacuum Cleaners, defining prescribed apparatus.
• AMCA 210: Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Rating, offering foundational test methodologies for air movement equipment.
• IEC 62885-2: Surface Cleaning Appliances - Methods for Measuring Performance, aligning international testing protocols for household dry vacuum cleaners.
• ASTM E1, E177, & E691: Standards related to precision instruments, and statistical handling of precision and bias in laboratory testing.

These complementary standards help ensure consistent air performance testing, support harmonization in global trade, and advance the reliability of testing across different laboratories and product lines.

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Keywords: vacuum cleaner testing, air performance measurement, motor/fan efficiency, suction power, airflow, air power, ASTM F2105-21, vacuum cleaner standards, laboratory test methods, product performance comparison, quality control.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2105 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Air Performance Characteristics of Vacuum
Cleaner Motor/Fan Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ASTM Test Methods
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining air
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
performance characteristics of series universal motor/fan sys-
E2251Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
temsusedincommercialandhouseholdupright,canister,stick,
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
hand-held utility, combination-type vacuum cleaners, and
F431Specification for Air Performance Measurement Ple-
household central vacuum cleaning systems.
num Chamber for Vacuum Cleaners
1.2 These tests and calculations include determination of
2.2 AMCA Standard:
suction, airflow, air power, maximum air power, and input
210-85Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Rating
power under specified operating conditions.
2.3 IEC Standard:
NOTE 1—For more information on air performance characteristics, see
IEC 62885-2Surface Cleaning Appliances–Part 2: Dry
References (1) through (2).
Vacuum Cleaners for Household or Similar Use–Meth-
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
ods for Measuring the Performance
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only. 3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 air power, AP, W, n—in a vacuum cleaner motor/fan
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
system, the net time rate of work performed by an air stream
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
while expending energy to produce an airflow by a vacuum
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cleaner motor/fan system under specified air resistance condi-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
tions.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.2 corrected airflow, Q, cfm, n—in a vacuum cleaner
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
motor/fansystem,thevolumeofairmovementperunitoftime
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
under standard atmospheric conditions.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.3 input power, W, n—rate at which electrical energy is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
absorbed by a vacuum cleaner motor/fan system.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4 model, n—designation of a group of vacuum cleaner
motor/fan systems having the same mechanical and electrical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
construction.
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in 3.1.5 population, n—total of all units of a particular model
vacuum cleaner motor/fan system being tested.
3.1.6 repeatability limit (r), n—value below which the
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF11onVacuum
absolutedifferencebetweentwoindividualtestresultsobtained
Cleaners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F11.22 on Air Perfor-
mance. underrepeatabilityconditionsmaybeexpectedtooccurwitha
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021. Published February 2021. Originally
probability of approximately 0.95 (95%).
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F2105–18. DOI:
10.1520/F2105-21.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended to
this test method. Available fromAir Movement and ControlAssociation, Inc., 30 West Univer-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or sity Dr., Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1893, http://www.amca.org.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from the IEC webstore, webstore.iec.ch, or American National
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036,
the ASTM website. http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2105 − 21
3.1.7 repeatability standard deviation (S ), n—standard de- 5.4 Barometer, with an accuracy of 60.05 in. of mercury
r
viation of test results obtained under repeatability conditions. (1.27 mm of mercury), capable of measuring and displaying
absolute barometric pressure, scale divisions 0.02 in. (0.51
3.1.8 reproducibility limit (R), n—value below which the
mm) or finer.
absolute difference between two test results obtained under
5.4.1 Mercury barometers, in general, measure and display
reproducibility conditions may be expected to occur with a
the absolute barometric pressure. Some corrections may be
probability of approximately 0.95 (95%).
needed for temperature and gravity. Consult the owner’s
3.1.9 reproducibility standard deviation (S ), n—standard
R manual.
deviation of test results obtained under reproducibility condi-
5.4.2 When purchasing an aneroid or electronic barometer,
tions.
besuretopurchaseonewhichdisplaystheabsolutebarometric
pressure,notthemeansealevelequivalentbarometricpressure
3.1.10 sample, n—group of vacuum cleaner motor/fan sys-
value. These types of barometers generally have temperature
temstakenfromalargecollectionofvacuumcleanermotor/fan
compensation built into them and do not need to be corrected
systems of one particular model which serves to provide
for gravity.
information that may be used as a basis for making a decision
concerning the larger collection.
5.5 OrificePlates—SeespecificationsinSpecificationF431.
3.1.11 standard air density, ρ , lb/ft,n—atmospheric air
5.6 Thermometer—Solid-stem, ambient thermometer hav-
std
3 3
density of 0.075 lb/ft (1.2014 kg/m ).
ing a range from 18°F to 89°F (or –8°C to +32°C) with
3.1.11.1 Discussion—This value of air density corresponds graduations in 0.2°F (0.1°C), conforming to the requirements
toatmosphericairatatemperatureof68°F(20°C),14.696psi for thermometer 63°F (17°C) as prescribed in Specification
(101.325 kPa), and approximately 30% relative humidity. E1. As an alternative, thermometers S63F or S63C, as pre-
scribed in Specification E2251, may be used. In addition,
3.1.12 suction, inches of water, n—in a vacuum cleaner
thermometric devices such as resistance temperature detectors
motor/fansystem,theabsolutedifferencebetweenambientand
(RTDs), thermistors, or thermocouples of equal or better
sub-atmospheric pressure.
accuracy may be used.
3.1.13 test run, n—definitive procedure that produces the
5.7 Psychrometer—Thermometers graduated in 0.2 °F
singular result of calculated maximum air power.
(0.1°C).
3.1.14 test station pressure, B, inches of mercury, n—for a
t
5.8 Voltage, Regulator System, to control the input voltage
vacuum cleaner motor/fan system, the absolute barometric
to the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system. The regulator system
pressure at the test location (elevation) and test time.
shall be capable of maintaining the vacuum cleaner motor/fan
3.1.14.1 Discussion—It is not the equivalent mean sea level
system’s rated voltage 61% and rated frequency 61Hz
value of barometric pressure typically reported by the airport
having a wave form that is essentially sinusoidal with 3%
and weather bureaus. It is sometimes referred to as the
maximum harmonic distortion for the duration of the test.
uncorrected barometric pressure (that is, not corrected to the
mean sea level equivalent value). Refer to 5.4 for additional
6. Sampling
information.
6.1 A minimum of three units of the same model vacuum
3.1.15 unit, n—single vacuum cleaner motor/fan system of
cleaner motor/fan system, selected at random in accordance
the model being tested.
with good statistical practice, shall constitute the population
sample.
4. Significance and Use
6.1.1 To determine the best estimate of maximum air power
for the population of the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system
4.1 The test results allow the comparison of the maximum
model being tested, the arithmetic mean of the maximum air
air power at the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system inlet under
power of the sample from the population shall be established
the conditions of this test method.
by testing it to a 90% confidence level within 65%.
6.1.2 Annex A2 provides a procedural example for deter-
5. Apparatus
mining the 90% confidence level and when the sample size
5.1 Plenum Chamber—See Specification F431 or IEC
shall be increased.
62885-2, Section 5.8.3.
NOTE 2—See Annex A2 for method of determining 90% confidence
5.2 Water Manometers, or equivalent instruments. One to
level.
measure from 0in. to 6 in. (152.4 mm) in increments of 0.01
in. (0.254 mm), and one with increments of 0.1 in. (2.54 mm)
7. Preparation for Test
for use in making measurements above 6 in. (152.4 mm). A
7.1 Mount the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system unit to the
single instrument having a resolution of 0.01 in. (0.254 mm)
plenum chamber by any convenient method meeting the
over the entire required range may be used instead of two
requirements of 7.1.1 – 7.1.5.1. See Fig. 1 for an example of a
separate instruments.
motor mounted to the plenum chamber.
5.3 Power analyzer, to provide measurements accurate to 7.1.1 The motor/fan system inlet shall be centered with
within 61%. respect to the outlet opening of the plenum chamber.
F2105 − 21
FIG. 1 Motor Mounted to Plenum Chamber
FIG. 3 Mounting Plate and Gasket
7.1.2 The motor/fan system inlet shall be mounted to the
plenum chamber such that the inlet does not project into the
7.2 Connectthemotor/fansystemtothepowersupplyusing
plenum chamber.
a length of cable of sufficient size to maintain rated voltage at
7.1.2.1 If necessary, mount the motor/fan system to a
the motor/fan system electrical terminals.
standoff pipe, having an inside diameter of 4 in. and suitable
length to prevent the motor/fan system inlet from projecting
7.3 Setthemanometerstozeroandcheckallinstrumentsfor
into the plenum chamber. See Fig. 2 for an example.
proper operation.
7.1.3 Secure the motor/fan system unit to the plenum
7.4 Record the test station pressure and the dry-bulb and
chamber such that it does not rotate when the motor starts.
wet-bulb temperature readings within 6 ft (1.8 m) of the test
7.1.4 Seal all leaks between the motor/fan system inlet and
area. Read the barometric pressure to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.51
the plenum chamber by any convenient means. See Fig. 3 for
mm), and the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures to the
example of mounting gasket and plate used to create a seal.
nearest 0.2°F (0.1°C).
7.1.5 For vacuum cleaner motor/fan systems requiring a
7.5 Connect a manometer or equivalent instrument to the
part from the vacuum cleaner housing to complete the fan
plenum chamber.
chamber, it is acceptable to mount the motor/fan system to this
part and in turn mount the fan chamber’s inlet to the plenum
7.6 Connect a power analyzer.
chamber.
8. Test Procedure
7.1.5.1 It may be necessary to modify the vacuum cleaner
housing by any convenient means to allow the fan chamber
8.1 Operate the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system with no
inlettobemountedper7.1–7.1.4.Themodificationsshallnot
orifice plate inserted in the plenum chamber inlet at nameplate
affect performance.
rated voltage 61% and frequency 61 Hz for 1 h prior to the
startofthefirsttestrun.Forvacuumcleanermotor/fansystems
with dual nameplate voltage ratings, conduct testing at the
highest voltage.
8.2 For each subsequent test run, allow the unit to reach its
normal operating temperature by allowing the vacuum cleaner
motor/fan system to operate at the open orifice for 1 to 2 min
between test runs.
8.3 While operating the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system
per 8.2, insert orifice plates sequentially into the orifice plate
holder of the plenum chamber starting with the largest size
orifice and following it with the next smaller orifice plate. Use
the following orifice plates: 2.0, 1.5, 1.25, 1.0 0.875, 0.75,
0.625, 0.5, 0.375, 0.25 and 0.0 in. (50.8, 38.1, 31.7, 25.4, 22.2,
19.0, 15.8, 12.7, 9.5, 6.3 mm). The following optional orifice
plates may also be used: 2.5, 2.25, 1.75, 1.375, 1.125 in. (63.5,
57.2, 44.5, 34.9, 28.6 mm).
8.4 For each orifice plate, record the suction, h, and input
FIG. 2 Example of Standoff Pipe power, P, in that order.All readings should be taken within 10
F2105 − 21
s of the orifice insertion. For orifices less than 0.750 in., allow 9. Calculation
the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system to operate at the open
9.1 Correction of Data to Standard Conditions:
orifice for 15 seconds minimum before inserting the next
9.1.1 AirDensityRatio—Thedensityratio,D ,istheratioof
r
orifice.
the air density at the time of test ρ , to the standard air
test
8.4.1 Read the suction to the nearest graduation of the
3 3
density,ρ = 0.075 lb/ft (1.2014 kg/m ). It is used to correct
std
manometer. Readings should be taken as soon as the manom-
the vacuum and wattage readings to standard conditions. Find
eter reaches a true peak. (When using a fluid type manometer,
3 3
ρ (lb/ft or kg/m ) from standard psychometric charts or
test
the liquid level may peak, drop, and peak again. The second
ASHRAE tables and calculate D as follows:
r
peak is the true peak reading.Aperson conducting the test for
the first time shall observe at least one run before recording D 5
r
data. See Specification F431 for instructions on how to ρ
test
ρ
minimize the overshoot (first peak) of the liquid level.)
std
TABLE 1 Orifice Flow Coefficient Equations (K )
NOTE 1—K was determined experimentally using an ASTM Plenum
Chamber(seeSpecificationF431)andanASMEFlowmeter(seeRef. (1)).
NOTE 2—Equations for K , in terms of B and h are given in Appendix
1 t
X6.
Orifice Diameter, Orifice Flow
A
inches (mm) Coefficient Equation
0.5575r20.5955
0.250 (6.3)
K 5
r21.0468
0.5553r20.5754
0.375 (9.5)
K 5
r21.0263
0.5694r20.5786
0.500 (12.7)
K 5
r21.0138
0.5692r20.5767
0.625 (15.8)
K 5
r21.0104
0.5715r20.5807
0.750 (19.0)
K 5
r21.0138
0.5740r20.5841
0.875 (22.2)
K 5
r21.0158
0.5687r20.5785
1.000 (25.4)
K 5
r21.0146
1.125 (28.6) 0.5675r20.5819
K 5
r21.0225
0.5717r20.5814
1.250 (31.7)
K 5
r21.0152
0.5680r20.5826
1.375 (34.9)
K 5
r21.0235
0.5719r20.5820
1.500 (38.1)
K 5
r21.0165
0.5695r20.5839
1.750 (44.5)
K 5
r21.0235
0.5757r20.5853
2.000 (50.8)
K 5
r21.0157
0.5709r20.5878
2.250 (57.2)
K 5
r21.0279
0.5660r20.59024
2.500 (63.5)
K 5
r21.0400
A
B 0.4912 2 h 0.03607
s d s d
t
r5
B s0.4912d
t
where:
B = test station pressure at time of test, inches of mercury, and
t
h = uncorrected suction (manometer reading), in. of water.
F2105 − 21
where:
D = orifice diameter, m,
3 3
K = constant (dimensionless), and
ρ = the air density at the time of test, lb/ft (kg/m ), and
test
3 3
h = corrected suction, Pa.
ρ = the standard air density, 0.075 lb/ft (1.2014 kg/m ).
s
std
As an alternative, the following equation is intended to be
9.3 Air Power—Calculate the air power, AP,in W,as
used for correcting ambient conditions where the barometric follows:
pressure exceeds 27 in. (685.8 mm) of mercury and the
AP 5 0.117354 Q h
~ !~ !
s
dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures are less than 100°F (37.8
where:
°C); and may be used as an alternate method of calculating D
r
(see Appendix X1 for derivation and accuracy analysis).
AP = air power, W,
Q = corrected flow, cfm, and
D
r
h = corrected suction, inches of water.
s
17.68B 2 0.001978T 10.1064T 10.0024575B T 2 T 2 2.741
@ ~ ! #
t w w t d w
(See Appendix X3 for derivation.)
T 1459.7
d
9.4 Maximum Air Power—Determine the maximum air
where:
power using the method in Annex A1.
B = test station pressure at time of test, inch of mercury,
t
T = dry-bulb temperature at time of test, °F, and
d
10. Report
T = wet-bulb temperature at time of test, °F.
w
10.1 For each vacuum cleaner motor/fan system sample
9.1.2 Corrected Suction—Corrected suction, h , is the ma-
s from the population being tested, report the following infor-
nometer reading, h, times the correction factor, C , as follows:
s
mation:
10.1.1 Manufacturer’s name and motor/fan system model
h 5 C h
s s
name or number, or both.
9.1.2.1 For series universal motor/fan systems (see Ref (2))
10.1.2 Typeofmotor/fansystem;thatis,filterfirst,fanfirst,
the correction factor, C , is calculated as follows:
s
and so forth.
C 5 110.667~1 2 D !
10.1.3 Thetestsetup(thatis,mountedflushorwithstandoff
s r
pipe) at which the test was conducted.
9.1.2.2 This test method does not have any formulas avail-
10.1.4 The corrected input power, corrected vacuum, cor-
able for correcting suction for any other type of motor
rected airflow, and air power for each orifice used.
(permanent magnet, induction, and so forth).
10.1.5 Calculated or measured maximum air power, which-
9.1.3 Corrected Input Power—Corrected input power, P ,
s
ever is greater.
expressed in watts, is the wattmeter reading, P, times the
correction factor, C , as follows:
p
11. Precision and Bias
P 5 C P
s p
11.1 The following precision statements are based on inter-
9.1.3.1 For series universal motor/fan systems the correc- laboratory tests involving six laboratories and seven units.
tion factor, C , is calculated as follows:
p
11.2 The statistics have been calculated as recommended in
C 5 110.5 1 2 D
~ ! Practice E691.
p r
9.1.3.2 This standard does not have any formulas available 11.3 The following statements regarding repeatability limit
for correcting input power for any other types of motor and reproducibility limit are used as directed in Practice E177.
(permanent magnet, induction, and so forth).
11.4 The coefficients of variation of repeatability and repro-
9.2 Corrected Airflow—Calculate the corrected airflow, Q, ducibility of the measured results have been derived from
expressedinft /min(seeNote3andAppendixX2)asfollows:
seven sets of data, where each of the sets have been performed
by a single analyst within each of the six laboratories on
Q 5 21.844D K =h 6
1 s
separate days using the same test samples.
where:
11.5 Repeatability (Single Operator and Laboratory, Multi-
Q = corrected flow, cfm,
day Testing)—The ability of a single analyst to repeat the test
D = orifice diameter, in.,
within a single laboratory.
K = constant (dimensionless), orifice flow coefficients for
1 11.5.1 Theexpectedcoefficientofvariationofthemeasured
orifices in the plenum chamber. See Table 1 for values
results within a laboratory, CV % , has been found to be 1.25.
r
for each orifice. See Ref. (1) for the derivation of these
11.5.2 The 95 % repeatability limit within a laboratory, r,
flow coefficients, and
has been found to be, where r = 3.49% (CV % ).
r
h = corrected suction, in. of water.
s
11.5.3 With 95% confidence, it can be stated that within a
NOTE 3—For the corrected airflow expressed in litres per second, use
laboratory,asetofmeasuredresultsderivedfromtestingaunit
the following equation:
should be considered suspect if the percent difference between
=
Q 5 10.309D K h
1 s
where: Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may
beobtainedbyrequestingResearchReportRR:F11-1015.ContactASTMCustomer
Q = corrected flow, L/s,
Service at [e-mail].
F2105 − 21
any two of the three values is greater than the respective value 11.6.3 With 95% confidence, it can be stated that the
of the repeatability limit, r (see Note 4). average of the measured results from a set of three test runs
performed in one laboratory, as compared to a second
NOTE 4—The % difference = [(larger-smaller)/larger] × 100.
laboratory, should be considered suspect if the percent differ-
11.5.4 If the absolute value of the difference of any pair of
ence between those two values is greater than the respective
measuredresultsfromthreetestrunsperformedwithinasingle
values of the reproducibility limit, R (see Note 4).
laboratory is not equal to or less than the respective repeatabil-
ity limit, r, that set of results shall be considered suspect.
11.7 Bias—No justifiable statement can be made on the
accuracy of this test method for testing the properties listed.
11.6 Reproducibility (Multiday Testing and Single Operator
The true values of the properties cannot be established by
Within Multilaboratories)—Theabilitytorepeatthetestwithin
acceptable referee methods.
multiple laboratories.
11.6.1 The expected coefficient of variation of reproducibil-
12. Keywords
ityoftheaverageofasetofmeasuredresultsbetweenmultiple
laboratories, CV % , has been found to be 2.91.
R
12.1 air performance; air power; motor; motor/fan system;
11.6.2 The95%reproducibilitylimitwithinalaboratory, R,
vacuum cleaner
has been found to be, where R = 8.16% (CV % ).
R
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. MATHEMATICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING MAXIMUM AIR POWER POINT
A1.1 The following, second degree polynomial equation, is
X and Y = thevaluesobtainedduringtesting(X Y ,X Y ,.
i i 1 1 2 2
assumedtoprovidethebestmathematicalapproximationofthe
.X Y ) at the five orifices specified in A1.1.1.
N N
air power versus airflow relationship. (See Ref. (3) for addi-
A1.3 Setting the derivative of Eq A1.1 equal to zero and
tional information.)
solving for X will determine the value of X where Y is at its
m
Y 5 A 1A X1A X (A1.1)
1 2 3
maximum value (Y ) as follows:
max
where:
dy d
5 @A 1A X1A X # 5 0
1 2 3
Y = air power (AP),
dx dx
X = airflow (Q), and
dy
5 A 12A X 5 0
A,A,A = arbitrary constants 2 3
1 2 3
dx
Substitute X as the value of X and Y and solve for X :
A1.1.1 Use X and Y values obtained from only five specific
m max m
orifices selected as follows:
A
X 52
m
A1.1.1.1 Using the test data, determine the orifice size that 2A
produced the highest air power value.
Substituting this value of X , and A,A , and A , into Eq
m 1 2 3
A1.1 will determine the value of Y (AP ) as follows:
A1.1.1.2 Usetheairpowerandairflowvaluesatthisorifice,
max max
and the next two smaller and the next two larger orifices in the 2
Y 5 A 1A X 1A X
max 1 2 m 3 m
following computations:
A1.4 Calculate the goodness of fit, R (correlation coeffi-
A1.1.1.3 If the highest air power value calculated from the
cient) as follows:
observed data is at the 2.0 in. (50.8 mm) orifice or larger, then
use the air power and airflow values from the five largest
Σ Y 2 Y
~ !
iOBS iCAL
R 5 1 2
orifices. 2
Σ ~Y 2 Y !
iOBS OBS
where:
A1.2 To determine the values of A , A , A , use the X and Y
1 2 3
values obtained from the five specified orifices and solve the Y 5 A 1A X 1A X
iCAL 1 2 iOBS 3 iOBS
following set of normalized equations:
and:
ΣY 5 NA 1A ΣX 1A ΣX 1
i 1 2 i 3 i
Y 5 ΣY
2 3 OBS iOBS
ΣX Y 5 A ΣX 1A ΣX 1A Σ N
i i 1 i 2 i 3 i
2 2 3 4
ΣX Y 5 A ΣX 1A ΣX A ΣX
i i 1 i 2 i 3 i
and:
where:
i =1to N orifices used in section 8.3,
N = 5 (number of orifices selected), OBS = observed data,
I =1to N, and CAL = calculated data, and
F2105 − 21
A1.4.2 The measured or calculated value for maximum air
Y = theairpower(AP)obtainedfromthecalculationsin
iOBS
power shall be recorded, whichever is greater.
section 9.3 for the corresponding value
X (airflow, Q) at any of the N orifices selected.
iOBS
A1.4.1 If R is not greater than or equal to 0.900, the test
must be performed again and the new set of data used.
A2. DETERMINATION OF 90 % CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
TABLE A2.1 Percentiles of the t Distribution
A2.1 The most common and ordinarily the best estimate of
thepopulationmean,µ,issimplythearithmeticmean, x¯,ofthe df t
0.95
individual scores (measurements) of the units comprising a 1 6.314
2 2.920
sample taken from the population. The average score of these
3 2.353
units will seldom be exactly the same as the population mean;
4 2.132
however, it is expected to be fairly close so that in using the 5 2.015
6 1.943
following procedure it can be stated with 90% confidence that
7 1.895
the true mean of the population, µ, lies within 5% of the
8 1.860
9 1.833
calculated mean, x¯, of the sample taken from the population as
10 1.812
stated in Section 6.
11 1.796
12 1.782
A2.2 The following procedure provides a confidence inter-
13 1.771
val about the sample mean which is expected to bracket µ, the 14 1.761
15 1.753
true population mean, 100(1–α)% of the time where α is the
chance of being wrong. Therefore, 1–α is the probability or
level of confidence of being correct.
A2.3 Thedesiredlevelofconfidenceis1–α=0.90or90%.
Therefore α = 0.10 or 10%.
A2.6 Thefollowingequationsestablishtheupperandlower
limitsofanintervalcenteredaboutx¯ thatwillprovidethelevel
A2.4 Computethemean, x¯,andthestandarddeviation, s,of
of confidence required to assert that the true population mean
the individual scores of the sample taken from the population:
lies within this interval:
n
xH 5 X CI 5 xH1ts/=n
( i
U
n
i51
CI 5 xH 2 ts/=n
n n 2
L
n X 2 X
S D
i i
( (
where:
i51 i51
s 5
!
n n 2 1
~ !
CI = Confidence Interval (U—upper limit; L—lower limit),
x¯ = mean score of the sample taken from the population,
where:
t = t statistic from Table A2.1 at 95% confidence level,
n = number of units tested, and
s = standard deviation of the sample taken from the
th
X = the value of the individual test unit score of the i test
i
population, and
unit. As will be seen in the procedural example to
n = number of units tested.
follow,thisistheaveragevalueoftheresultsfromthree
test runs performed on an individual test unit with the
A2.7 It is desired to assert with 90% confidence that the
resulting set of data meeting the repeatability
true population mean, µ, lies within the interval, CI to CI ,
U L
requirements.
centeredaboutthesamemean, x¯.Therefore,thequantity ts/=n
shall be less than some value, A, which shall be 5% of x¯ in
A2.5 Determine the value of the t statistic for n – 1 degrees
accordance with the sampling statement of 6.1.
of freedom, df, from Table A2.1 at a 95% confidence level.
NOTEA2.1—Thevalueof tisdefinedas t andisreadas“tat95%
1–α/2
=
A2.8 As n→∞, ts/ n → 0.As this relationship indicates,
confidence.”
a numerically smaller confidence interval may be obtained by
t statistic 5 t 5 t
using a larger number of test units, n, for the sample.
12α/2 0.95
Therefore, when the standard deviation, s, of the sample is
where:
large and the level of confidence is not reached after testing
1–α/2 = 1 – 0.10/2=1– 0.05 = 0.95, or 95%
three units, a larger sample size, n, shall be used.
F2105 − 21
A2.9 Procedure
A2.9.7 Compute ts/=n for the sample and compare it to the
value of A.
A2.9.1 Agraphicalflowch
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2105 − 18 F2105 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Air Performance Characteristics of Vacuum
Cleaner Motor/Fan Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining air performance characteristics of series universal motor/fan systems used
in commercial and household upright, canister, stick, hand-held utility, combination-type vacuum cleaners, and household central
vacuum cleaning systems.
1.2 These tests and calculations include determination of suction, airflow, air power, maximum air power, and input power under
specified operating conditions.
NOTE 1—For more information on air performance characteristics, see References (1) through (2).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
F431 Specification for Air Performance Measurement Plenum Chamber for Vacuum Cleaners
2.2 AMCA Standard:
210-85 Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Rating
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F11 on Vacuum Cleaners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F11.22 on Air Performance.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018Feb. 1, 2021. Published October 2018February 2021. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20172018 as
F2105 – 17.F2105 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/F2105-18.10.1520/F2105-21.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended to this test method.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Air Movement and Control Association, Inc., 30 West University Dr., Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1893.60004-1893, http://www.amca.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2105 − 21
2.3 IEC Standard:
IEC 62885-2 Surface Cleaning Appliances – Part 2: Dry Vacuum Cleaners for Household or Similar Use – Methods for
Measuring the Performance
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 air power, AP, W, n—in a vacuum cleaner motor/fan system, the net time rate of work performed by an air stream while
expending energy to produce an airflow by a vacuum cleaner motor/fan system under specified air resistance conditions.
3.1.2 corrected airflow, Q, cfm, n—in a vacuum cleaner motor/fan system, the volume of air movement per unit of time under
standard atmospheric conditions.
3.1.3 input power, W, n—rate at which electrical energy is absorbed by a vacuum cleaner motor/fan system.
3.1.4 model, n—designation of a group of vacuum cleaner motor/fan systems having the same mechanical and electrical
construction.
3.1.5 population, n—total of all units of a particular model vacuum cleaner motor/fan system being tested.
3.1.6 repeatability limit (r), n—value below which the absolute difference between two individual test results obtained under
repeatability conditions may be expected to occur with a probability of approximately 0.95 (95 %).
3.1.7 repeatability standard deviation (S ), n—standard deviation of test results obtained under repeatability conditions.
r
3.1.8 reproducibility limit (R), n—value below which the absolute difference between two test results obtained under
reproducibility conditions may be expected to occur with a probability of approximately 0.95 (95 %).
3.1.9 reproducibility standard deviation (S ), n—standard deviation of test results obtained under reproducibility conditions.
R
3.1.10 sample, n—group of vacuum cleaner motor/fan systems taken from a large collection of vacuum cleaner motor/fan systems
of one particular model which serves to provide information that may be used as a basis for making a decision concerning the larger
collection.
3 3 3
3.1.11 standard air density, ρ , lb/ft , n—atmospheric air density of 0.075 lb/ft (1.2014 kg/m ).
std
3.1.11.1 Discussion—
This value of air density corresponds to atmospheric air at a temperature of 68°F (20°C),68 °F (20 °C), 14.696 psi (101.325 kPa),
and approximately 30 % relative humidity.
3.1.12 suction, inches of water, n—in a vacuum cleaner motor/fan system, the absolute difference between ambient and
sub-atmospheric pressure.
3.1.13 test run, n—definitive procedure that produces the singular result of calculated maximum air power.
3.1.14 test station pressure, B , inches of mercury, n—for a vacuum cleaner motor/fan system, the absolute barometric pressure at
t
the test location (elevation) and test time.
3.1.14.1 Discussion—
It is not the equivalent mean sea level value of barometric pressure typically reported by the airport and weather bureaus. It is
sometimes referred to as the uncorrected barometric pressure (that is, not corrected to the mean sea level equivalent value). Refer
to 5.4 for additional information.
3.1.15 unit, n—single vacuum cleaner motor/fan system of the model being tested.
Available from the IEC webstore, webstore.iec.ch, or American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. 10036,
http://www.ansi.org.
F2105 − 21
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The test results allow the comparison of the maximum air power at the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system inlet under the
conditions of this test method.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Plenum Chamber—See Specification F431 or IEC 62885-2, Section 5.8.3.
5.2 Water Manometers, or equivalent instruments. One to measure from 00 in. to 6 in. (152.4 mm) in increments of 0.01 in. (0.254
mm), and one with increments of 0.1 in. (2.54 mm) for use in making measurements above 6 in. (152.4 mm). A single instrument
having a resolution of 0.01 in. (0.254 mm) over the entire required range may be used instead of two separate instruments.
5.3 Power analyzer, to provide measurements accurate to within 61 %.
5.4 Barometer, with an accuracy of 60.05 in. of mercury (1.27 mm of mercury), capable of measuring and displaying absolute
barometric pressure, scale divisions 0.02 in. (0.51 mm) or finer.
5.4.1 Mercury barometers, in general, measure and display the absolute barometric pressure. Some corrections may be needed for
temperature and gravity. Consult the owner’s manual.
5.4.2 When purchasing an aneroid or electronic barometer, be sure to purchase one which displays the absolute barometric
pressure, not the mean sea level equivalent barometric pressure value. These types of barometers generally have temperature
compensation built into them and do not need to be corrected for gravity.
5.5 Sharp-Edge Orifice Plates—See specifications in Specification F431.
5.6 Thermometer—Solid-stem, ambient thermometer having a range from 1818 °F to 89°F89 °F (or –8–8 °C to +32°C)+32 °C)
with graduations in 0.2°F (0.1°C),0.2 °F (0.1 °C), conforming to the requirements for thermometer 63°F (17°C)63 °F (17 °C) as
prescribed in Specification E1. As an alternative, thermometers S63F or S63C, as prescribed in Specification E2251, may be used.
In addition, thermometric devices such as resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermistors, or thermocouples of equal or better
accuracy may be used.
5.7 Psychrometer—Thermometers graduated in 0.2°F (0.1°C).0.2 °F (0.1 °C).
5.8 Voltage, Regulator System, to control the input voltage to the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system. The regulator system shall
be capable of maintaining the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system’s rated voltage 61 % and rated frequency 61 Hz having a wave
form that is essentially sinusoidal with 3 % maximum harmonic distortion for the duration of the test.
6. Sampling
6.1 A minimum of three units of the same model vacuum cleaner motor/fan system, selected at random in accordance with good
statistical practice, shall constitute the population sample.
6.1.1 To determine the best estimate of maximum air power for the population of the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system model
being tested, the arithmetic mean of the maximum air power of the sample from the population shall be established by testing it
to a 90 % confidence level within 65 %.
6.1.2 Annex A2 provides a procedural example for determining the 90 % confidence level and when the sample size shall be
increased.
NOTE 2—See Annex A2 for method of determining 90 % confidence level.
F2105 − 21
7. Preparation for Test
7.1 Mount the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system unit to the plenum chamber by any convenient method meeting the requirements
of 7.1.1 – 7.1.5.1. See Fig. 1 for an example of a motor mounted to the plenum chamber.
7.1.1 The motor/fan system inlet shall be centered with respect to the outlet opening of the plenum chamber.
7.1.2 The motor/fan system inlet shall be mounted to the plenum chamber such that the inlet does not project into the plenum
chamber.
7.1.2.1 If necessary, mount the motor/fan system to a standoff pipe, having an inside diameter of 4 in. and suitable length to
prevent the motor/fan system inlet from projecting into the plenum chamber. See Fig. 2 for an example.
7.1.3 Secure the motor/fan system unit to the plenum chamber such that it does not rotate when the motor starts.
7.1.4 Seal all leaks between the motor/fan system inlet and the plenum chamber by any convenient means. See Fig. 3 for example
of mounting gasket and plate used to create a seal.
7.1.5 For vacuum cleaner motor/fan systems requiring a part from the vacuum cleaner housing to complete the fan chamber, it
is acceptable to mount the motor/fan system to this part and in turn mount the fan chamber’s inlet to the plenum chamber.
7.1.5.1 It may be necessary to modify the vacuum cleaner housing by any convenient means to allow the fan chamber inlet to be
mounted per 7.1 – 7.1.4. The modifications shall not affect performance.
7.2 Connect the motor/fan system to the power supply using a length of cable of sufficient size to maintain rated voltage at the
motor/fan system electrical terminals.
7.3 Set the manometers to zero and check all instruments for proper operation.
7.4 Record the test station pressure and the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature readings within 6 ft (1.8 m) of the test area. Read
the barometric pressure to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.51 mm), and the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures to the nearest 0.2°F
(0.1°C).0.2 °F (0.1 °C).
7.5 Connect a manometer or equivalent instrument to the plenum chamber.
7.6 Connect a power analyzer.
FIG. 1 Motor Mounted to Plenum Chamber
F2105 − 21
FIG. 2 Example of Standoff Pipe
FIG. 3 Mounting Plate and Gasket
8. Test Procedure
8.1 Operate the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system with no orifice plate inserted in the plenum chamber inlet at nameplate rated
voltage 61 % and frequency 61 Hz for 1 h prior to the start of the first test run. For vacuum cleaner motor/fan systems with dual
nameplate voltage ratings, conduct testing at the highest voltage.
8.2 For each subsequent test run, allow the unit to reach its normal operating temperature by allowing the vacuum cleaner
motor/fan system to operate at the open orifice for 1 to 2 min between test runs.
8.3 While operating the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system per 8.2, insert orifice plates sequentially into the orifice plate holder of
the plenum chamber starting with the largest size orifice and following it with the next smaller orifice plate. Use the following
orifice plates: 2.0, 1.5, 1.25, 1.0 0.875, 0.75, 0.625, 0.5, 0.375, 0.25 and 0.0 in. (50.8, 38.1, 31.7, 25.4, 22.2, 19.0, 15.8, 12.7, 9.5,
6.3 mm). The following optional orifice plates may also be used: 2.5, 2.25, 1.75, 1.375, 1.125 in. (63.5, 57.2, 44.5, 34.9, 28.6 mm).
8.4 For each orifice plate, record the suction, h, and input power, P, in that order. All readings should be taken within 10 s of the
orifice insertion. For orifices less than 0.750 in., allow the vacuum cleaner motor/fan system to operate at the open orifice for 15
seconds minimum before inserting the next orifice.
F2105 − 21
8.4.1 Read the suction to the nearest graduation of the manometer. Readings should be taken as soon as the manometer reaches
a true peak. (When using a fluid type manometer, the liquid level may peak, drop, and peak again. The second peak is the true
peak reading. A person conducting the test for the first time shall observe at least one run before recording data. See Specification
F431 for instructions on how to minimize the overshoot (first peak) of the liquid level.)
9. Calculation
9.1 Correction of Data to Standard Conditions:
9.1.1 Air Density Ratio—The density ratio, D , is the ratio of the air density at the time of test ρ , to the standard air density,
r test
3 3 3
ρ = 0.075 lb/ft (1.2014 kg/m ). It is used to correct the vacuum and wattage readings to standard conditions. Find ρ (lb/ft
std test
or kg/m ) from standard psychometric charts or ASHRAE tables and calculate D as follows:
r
TABLE 1 Orifice Flow Coefficient Equations (K )
NOTE 1—K was determined experimentally using an ASTM Plenum
Chamber (see Specification F431) and an ASME Flowmeter (see Ref. (1)).
NOTE 2—Equations for K , in terms of B and h are given in Appendix
1 t
X6.
Orifice Diameter, Orifice Flow
A
inches (mm) Coefficient Equation
0.5575r20.5955
0.250 (6.3)
K 5
r21.0468
0.5553r20.5754
0.375 (9.5)
K 5
r21.0263
0.5694r20.5786
0.500 (12.7)
K 5
r21.0138
0.5692r20.5767
0.625 (15.8)
K 5
r21.0104
0.5715r20.5807
0.750 (19.0)
K 5
r21.0138
0.5740r20.5841
0.875 (22.2)
K 5
r21.0158
0.5687r20.5785
1.000 (25.4)
K 5
r21.0146
1.125 (28.6) 0.5675r20.5819
K 5
r21.0225
0.5717r20.5814
1.250 (31.7)
K 5
r21.0152
0.5680r20.5826
1.375 (34.9)
K 5
r21.0235
0.5719r20.5820
1.500 (38.1)
K 5
r21.0165
0.5695r20.5839
1.750 (44.5)
K 5
r21.0235
0.5757r20.5853
2.000 (50.8)
K 5
r21.0157
0.5709r20.5878
2.250 (57.2)
K 5
r21.0279
0.5660r20.59024
2.500 (63.5)
K 5
r21.0400
A
B 0.4912 2h 0.03607
s d s d
t
r 5
B s0.4912d
t
where:
B = test station pressure at time of test, inches of mercury, and
t
h = uncorrected suction (manometer reading), in. of water.
F2105 − 21
D 5
r
ρ
test
ρ
std
where:
3 3
ρ = the air density at the time of test, lb/ft (kg/m ), and
test
3 3
ρ = the standard air density, 0.075 lb/ft (1.2014 kg/m ).
std
As an alternative, the following equation is intended to be used for correcting ambient conditions where the barometric pressure
exceeds 27 in. (685.8 mm) of mercury and the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures are less than 100°F100 °F (37.8 °C); and may
be used as an alternate method of calculating D (see Appendix X1 for derivation and accuracy analysis).
r
@17.68B 2 0.001978T 10.1064T 10.0024575B ~T 2 T ! 2 2.741#
t w w t d w
D 5
r
T 1459.7
d
where:
B = test station pressure at time of test, inch of mercury,
t
T = dry-bulb temperature at time of test, °F, and
d
T = wet-bulb temperature at time of test, °F.
w
9.1.2 Corrected Suction—Corrected suction, h , is the manometer reading, h, times the correction factor, C , as follows:
s s
h 5 C h
s s
9.1.2.1 For series universal motor/fan systems (see Ref (2)) the correction factor, C , is calculated as follows:
s
C 5 110.667~12 D !
s r
9.1.2.2 This test method does not have any formulas available for correcting suction for any other type of motor (permanent
magnet, induction, and so forth).
9.1.3 Corrected Input Power—Corrected input power, P , expressed in watts, is the wattmeter reading, P, times the correction
s
factor, C , as follows:
p
P 5 C P
s p
9.1.3.1 For series universal motor/fan systems the correction factor, C , is calculated as follows:
p
C 5 110.5 12 D
~ !
p r
9.1.3.2 This standard does not have any formulas available for correcting input power for any other types of motor (permanent
magnet, induction, and so forth).
9.2 Corrected Airflow—Calculate the corrected airflow, Q, expressed in ft /min (see Note 3 and Appendix X2) as follows:
Q 5 21.844D K =h
1 s
where:
Q = corrected flow, cfm,
D = orifice diameter, in.,
K = constant (dimensionless), orifice flow coefficients for orifices in the plenum chamber. See Table 1 for values for each
orifice. See Ref. (1) for the derivation of these flow coefficients, and
h = corrected suction, in. of water.
s
NOTE 3—For the corrected airflow expressed in litres per second, use the following equation:
Q 5 10.309D K =h
1 s
F2105 − 21
where:
Q = corrected flow, L/s,
D = orifice diameter, m,
K = constant (dimensionless), and
h = corrected suction, Pa.
s
9.3 Air Power—Calculate the air power, AP, in W, as follows:
AP 5 0.117354 Q h
~ !~ !
s
where:
AP = air power, W,
Q = corrected flow, cfm, and
h = corrected suction, inches of water.
s
(See Appendix X3 for derivation.)
9.4 Maximum Air Power—Determine the maximum air power using the method in Annex A1.
10. Report
10.1 For each vacuum cleaner motor/fan system sample from the population being tested, report the following information:
10.1.1 Manufacturer’s name and motor/fan system model name or number, or both.
10.1.2 Type of motor/fan system; that is, filter first, fan first, and so forth.
10.1.3 The test setup (that is, mounted flush or with standoff pipe) at which the test was conducted.
10.1.4 The corrected input power, corrected vacuum, corrected airflow, and air power for each orifice used.
10.1.5 Calculated or measured maximum air power, whichever is greater.
11. Precision and Bias
11.1 The following precision statements are based on interlaboratory tests involving six laboratories and seven units.
11.2 The statistics have been calculated as recommended in Practice E691.
11.3 The following statements regarding repeatability limit and reproducibility limit are used as directed in Practice E177.
11.4 The coefficients of variation of repeatability and reproducibility of the measured results have been derived from seven sets
of data, where each of the sets have been performed by a single analyst within each of the six laboratories on separate days using
the same test samples.
11.5 Repeatability (Single Operator and Laboratory, Multiday Testing)—The ability of a single analyst to repeat the test within
a single laboratory.
11.5.1 The expected coefficient of variation of the measured results within a laboratory, CV % , has been found to be 1.25.
r
11.5.2 The 95 % repeatability limit within a laboratory, r, has been found to be, where r = 3.49 % (CV % ).
r
11.5.3 With 95 % confidence, it can be stated that within a laboratory, a set of measured results derived from testing a unit should
be considered suspect if the percent difference between any two of the three values is greater than the respective value of the
repeatability limit, r (see Note 4).
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F11-1015. Contact ASTM Customer Service
at [e-mail].
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NOTE 4—The % difference = [(larger-smaller)/larger] × 100.
11.5.4 If the absolute value of the difference of any pair of measured results from three test runs performed within a single
laboratory is not equal to or less than the respective repeatability limit, r, that set of results shall be considered suspect.
11.6 Reproducibility (Multiday Testing and Single Operator Within Multilaboratories)—The ability to repeat the test within
multiple laboratories.
11.6.1 The expected coefficient of variation of reproducibility of the average of a set of measured results between multiple
laboratories, CV % , has been found to be 2.91.
R
11.6.2 The 95 % reproducibility limit within a laboratory, R, has been found to be, where R = 8.16% (CV % ).
R
11.6.3 With 95 % confidence, it can be stated that the average of the measured results from a set of three test runs performed in
one laboratory, as compared to a second laboratory, should be considered suspect if the percent difference between those two values
is greater than the respective values of the reproducibility limit, R (see Note 4).
11.7 Bias—No justifiable statement can be made on the accuracy of this test method for testing the properties listed. The true
values of the properties cannot be established by acceptable referee methods.
12. Keywords
12.1 air performance; air power; motor; motor/fan system; vacuum cleaner
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. MATHEMATICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING MAXIMUM AIR POWER POINT
A1.1 The following, second degree polynomial equation, is assumed to provide the best mathematical approximation of the air
power versus airflow relationship. (See Ref. (3) for additional information.)
Y 5 A 1A X1A X (A1.1)
1 2 3
where:
Y = air power (AP),
X = airflow (Q), and
A , A , A = arbitrary constants
1 2 3
A1.1.1 Use X and Y values obtained from only five specific orifices selected as follows:
A1.1.1.1 Using the test data, determine the orifice size that produced the highest air power value.
A1.1.1.2 Use the air power and airflow values at this orifice, and the next two smaller and the next two larger orifices in the
following computations:
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A1.1.1.3 If the highest air power value calculated from the observed data is at the 2.0 in. (50.8 mm) orifice or larger, then use the
air power and airflow values from the five largest orifices.
A1.2 To determine the values of A ,A ,A , use the X and Y values obtained from the five specified orifices and solve the following
1 2 3
set of normalized equations:
ΣY 5 NA 1A ΣX 1A ΣX
i 1 2 i 3 i
2 3
ΣX Y 5 A ΣX 1A ΣX 1A Σ
i i 1 i 2 i 3 i
2 2 3 4
ΣX Y 5 A ΣX 1A ΣX A ΣX
i i 1 i 2 i 3 i
where:
N = 5 (number of orifices selected),
I = 1 to N, and
X and Y = the values obtained during testing (X Y , X Y , . . X Y ) at the five orifices specified in A1.1.1.
i i 1 1 2 2 N N
A1.3 Setting the derivative of Eq A1.1 equal to zero and solving for X will determine the value of X where Y is at its maximum
m
value (Y ) as follows:
max
dy d
5 A 1A X1A X 5 0
@ #
1 2 3
dx dx
dy
5 A 12A X 5 0
2 3
dx
Substitute X as the value of X and Y and solve for X :
m max m
A
X 52
m
2A
Substituting this value of X , and A , A , and A , into Eq A1.1 will determine the value of Y (AP ) as follows:
m 1 2 3 max max
Y 5 A 1A X 1A X
max 1 2 m 3 m
A1.4 Calculate the goodness of fit, R (correlation coefficient) as follows:
Σ ~Y 2 Y !
iOBS iCAL
R 5 12
Σ Y 2 Y
~ !
iOBS OBS
where:
Y 5 A 1A X 1A X
iCAL 1 2 iOBS 3 iOBS
and:
Y 5 ΣY
OBS iOBS
N
and:
i = 1 to N orifices used in section 8.3,
OBS = observed data,
CAL = calculated data, and
Y = the air power (AP) obtained from the calculations in section 9.3 for the corresponding value
iOBS
X (airflow, Q) at any of the N orifices selected.
iOBS
A1.4.1 If R is not greater than or equal to 0.900, the test must be performed again and the new set of data used.
A1.4.2 The measured or calculated value for maximum air power shall be recorded, whichever is greater.
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A2. DETERMINATION OF 90 % CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
A2.1 The most common and ordinarily the best estimate of the population mean, μ, is simply the arithmetic mean, x¯, of the
individual scores (measurements) of the units comprising a sample taken from the population. The average score of these units will
seldom be exactly the same as the population mean; however, it is expected to be fairly close so that in using the following
procedure it can be stated with 90 % confidence that the true mean of the population, μ, lies within 5 % of the calculated mean,
x¯, of the sample taken from the population as stated in Section 6.
A2.2 The following procedure provides a confidence interval about the sample mean which is expected to bracket μ, the true
population mean, 100(1–α) % of the time where α is the chance of being wrong. Therefore, 1–α is the probability or level of
confidence of being correct.
A2.3 The desired level of confidence is 1–α = 0.90 or 90 %. Therefore α = 0.10 or 10 %.
A2.4 Compute the mean, x¯, and the standard deviation, s, of the individual scores of the sample taken from the population:
n
xH 5 X
( i
n
i51
n n 2
n X 2 X
S D
( i ( i
i51 i51
s 5
!
n ~n 2 1!
where:
n = number of units tested, and
th
X = the value of the individual test unit score of the i test unit. As will be seen in the procedural example to follow, this is
i
the average value of the results from three test runs performed on an individual test unit with the resulting set of data
meeting the repeatability requirements.
A2.5 Determine the value of the t statistic for n – 1 degrees of freedom, df, from Table A2.1 at a 95 % confidence level.
NOTE A2.1— The value of t is defined as t and is read as “t at 95 % confidence.”
1–α/2
TABLE A2.1 Percentiles of the t Distribution
df t
0.95
1 6.314
2 2.920
3 2.353
4 2.132
5 2.015
6 1.943
7 1.895
8 1.860
9 1.833
10 1.812
11 1.796
12 1.782
13 1.771
14 1.761
15 1.753
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t statistic 5 t 5 t
12α/2 0.95
where:
1–α/2 = 1 – 0.10/2 = 1 – 0.05 = 0.95, or 95 %
A2.6 The following equations establish the upper and lower limits of an interval centered about x¯ that will provide the level of
confidence required to assert that the true population mean lies within this interval:
CI 5 xH1ts/=n
U
=
CI 5 xH 2 ts/ n
L
where:
CI = Confidence Interval (U—upper limit; L—lower limit),
x¯ = mean score of the sample taken from the population,
t = t statistic from Table A2.1 at 95 % confidence level,
s = standard deviation of the sample taken from the population, and
n = number of units tested.
A2.7 It is desired to assert with 90 % confidence that the true population mean, μ, lies within the interval, CI to CI , centered
U L
about the same mean, x¯. Therefore, the quantity ts/=n shall be less than some value, A, which shall be 5 % of x¯ in accordance
with the sampling statement of 6.1.
=
A2.8 As n → ∞, ts/ n → 0. As this relationship indicates, a numerically smaller confidence interval may be obtained by using
a larger number of test units, n, for the sample. Therefore, when the standard deviation, s, of the sample is large and the level of
confidence is not reached after testing three units, a larger sample size, n, shall be used.
A2.9 Procedure
A2.9.1 A graphical flow chart for the following procedure is shown in Fig. A2.1.
A2.9.2 Select three units from the population for testing as the minimum sample size.
A2.9.3 Obtain individual test unit scores by averaging the results
...