ASTM D4713-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Heatset and Liquid Printing Ink Systems
Standard Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Heatset and Liquid Printing Ink Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Nonvolatile content of printing inks is useful for specification acceptance between the producer and the user.
4.2 In order to obtain accurate results for heatset systems within the specified 3-h heating time, the specimen film thickness must be less than 100 g/m2, and the oven must have forced ventilation. Thickness of the specimen film is less critical for liquid ink systems.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of weight content of nonvolatile matter in two types of printing inks.
1.2 Test Method A is applicable to heatset-type printing inks and resin solutions; solvents in such systems typically have initial boiling points in the range from 240 to 275°C (470 to 535°F) and vapor pressures less than 0.2 mm Hg.
1.3 Test Method B is applicable to liquid-type printing inks and vehicles based on aqueous or organic solvents that evaporate readily at ordinary room temperatures.Note 1—Test Method A (for heatset systems) specifies a specimen film thickness that is much thinner than those produced by related test methods; one exception is Test Method B in Test Methods D1259, which is recommended as a referee test.Note 2—Test Method B (for liquid ink systems) is similar to Test Method D2369 except that a solvent is not required for spreading the test specimen.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4713 − 12
Standard Test Methods for
Nonvolatile Content of Heatset and Liquid Printing Ink
1
Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4713; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
Ventilation Ovens
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of weight
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
content of nonvolatile matter in two types of printing inks.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 Test MethodAis applicable to heatset-type printing inks
and resin solutions; solvents in such systems typically have
3. Summary of Test Methods
initial boiling points in the range from 240 to 275°C (470 to
3.1 Test Method A—Heatset Systems. A 0.15-g specimen is
535°F) and vapor pressures less than 0.2 mm Hg.
mechanically spread in a 57-mm weighing dish to a nominal
2
1.3 Test Method B is applicable to liquid-type printing inks
thickness of 80 6 10 g/m and heated in a forced ventilation
and vehicles based on aqueous or organic solvents that evapo-
oven at 110°C for 3 h.
rate readily at ordinary room temperatures.
3.2 TestMethodB—LiquidInkSystems.A0.5-gspecimenis
NOTE 1—Test MethodA(for heatset systems) specifies a specimen film
dispensed into a 57-mm weighing dish by means of a dispos-
thickness that is much thinner than those produced by related test
able syringe, mechanically spread out, and heated in an oven at
methods; one exception is Test Method B in Test Methods D1259, which
110°C for 1 h.
is recommended as a referee test.
NOTE 2—Test Method B (for liquid ink systems) is similar to Test
4. Significance and Use
Method D2369 except that a solvent is not required for spreading the test
specimen.
4.1 Nonvolatile content of printing inks is useful for speci-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
fication acceptance between the producer and the user.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.2 In order to obtain accurate results for heatset systems
only.
within the specified 3-h heating time, the specimen film
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 2
thickness must be less than 100 g/m , and the oven must have
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
forced ventilation. Thickness of the specimen film is less
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
critical for liquid ink systems.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Balance, accurate to 1 mg.
2. Referenced Documents
2
5.2 Oven, forced-ventilation type conforming toType IIB in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Specification E145 and maintained at 110 6 2°C.
D1259 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Resin
Solutions
5.3 Thermometer, capable of reading 110 6 2°C and con-
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
forming to Specification E1. Alternately, temperature measur-
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
ing devices such as liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermistors,
thermocouples, or platinum resistance thermometers that pro-
vide equivalent or better accuracy and precision, that cover the
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
temperature range specified, may be used.
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.
5.4 Weighing Dish, such as an aluminum foil dish 57 mm
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
wide, the lid of a 1-lb ink can 94 mm wide, or other
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4713 – 92 (2007).
flat-bottomed container. The bottom of the container must not
DOI: 10.1520/D4713-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or have a trough or depression into which the test material might
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
collect.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.5 Spatula, or small ink knife.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4713 − 12
5.6 Spreading Device, one per weighing dish, of heat-stable 0.1 g specimen from the syringe to a 57-mm dish, or 1.5 6 0.1
material, such as a glass stirring rod or thick L-shaped
...
Designation: D4713 − 92 (Reapproved 2007) D4713 − 12
Standard Test Methods for
Nonvolatile Content of Heatset and Liquid Printing Ink
1
Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4713; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of weight content of nonvolatile matter in two types of printing inks.
1.2 Test Method A is applicable to heatset-type printing inks and resin solutions; solvents in such systems typically have initial
boiling points in the range from 240 to 275°C (470 to 535°F) and vapor pressures less than 0.2 mm Hg.
1.3 Test Method B is applicable to liquid-type printing inks and vehicles based on aqueous or organic solvents that evaporate
readily at ordinary room temperatures.
NOTE 1—Test Method A (for heatset systems) specifies a specimen film thickness that is much thinner than those produced by related test methods;
one exception is Test Method B in Test Methods D1259, which is recommended as a referee test.
NOTE 2—Test Method B (for liquid ink systems) is similar to Test Method D2369 except that a solvent is not required for spreading the test specimen.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1259 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Resin Solutions
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Summary of Test Methods
3.1 Test Method A—Heatset Systems. A 0.15-g specimen is mechanically spread in a 57-mm weighing dish to a nominal
2
thickness of 80 6 10 g/m and heated in a forced ventilation oven at 110°C for 3 h.
3.2 Test Method B—Liquid Ink Systems. A 0.5-g specimen is dispensed into a 57-mm weighing dish by means of a disposable
syringe, mechanically spread out, and heated in an oven at 110°C for 1 h.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Nonvolatile content of printing inks is useful for specification acceptance between the producer and the user.
4.2 In order to obtain accurate results for heatset systems within the specified 3-h heating time, the specimen film thickness must
2
be less than 100 g/m , and the oven must have forced ventilation. Thickness of the specimen film is less critical for liquid ink
systems.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Balance, accurate to 1 mg.
5.2 Oven, forced-ventilation type conforming to Type IIB in Specification E145 and maintained at 110 6 2°C.
5.3 Thermometer, bulb-type, capable of reading 110 6 2°C, such as Thermometer 88C prescribed in 2°C and conforming to
Specification E1. Alternately, temperature measuring devices such as liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermistors, thermocouples, or
platinum resistance thermometers that provide equivalent or better accuracy and precision, that cover the temperature range
specified, may be used.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4713 − 12
5.4 Weighing Dish, such as an aluminum foil dish 57 mm wide, the lid of a 1-lb ink can 94 mm wide, or other flat-bottomed
container. The bottom of the container must not have a trough or depression into which the test material might collect.
5.5 Spatula, or small ink knife.
5.6 Spreading Device, one per weighing dish, of heat-stable material, such as a glass stirring rod or thick L-shaped wire.
5.7 Forceps,
5.8 Desiccator,
3
5.9 Syringe (for liquid ink systems only), single-use 2 to 5-mL capacity without needle, or other weighing device listed in the
Apparatus section of Test Methods D1259.
6. Reagents
6.1 Toluene, technical grade.
7. Preparations of Equipment and Sample
7.1 Check the levelness of shelving in the oven; adjust, if necessary. Lay the thermometer or temperature measuring device on
shelf with the bulb or sensor at the place where the samples will be placed. Adjust oven controls until thermometer reads a
temperature reading of 110 6 2°C. 2°C is obtained. If air flow is adjustable, set control dampers at 50 %.
7.2 Wear disposable gloves prior to handling weighing dish, spreading device, or syringe in order to minimize contaminatio
...
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