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ASTM D7948-14e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Respirable Crystalline Silica in Workplace Air by Infrared Spectrometry

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Respirable Crystalline Silica in Workplace Air by Infrared Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Respirable crystalline silica is a hazard to the health of workers in many industries who are at risk through exposure by inhalation. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers’ exposure, and this is generally achieved by taking workplace air measurements. This standard has been published in order to make available a method for making valid exposure measurements for crystalline silica exposures in industry. It will be of benefit to: agencies concerned with health and safety at work; industrial hygienists and other public health professionals; analytical laboratories; industrial users of silica-containing products and their workers, etc.  
5.2 This standard specifies a generic sampling and analytical method for measurement of the mass concentration of respirable crystalline silica in workplace air using infrared (IR) spectrometric methods. Several different types of sampling apparatus are used to collect respirable dust, according to the occupational hygiene sampling convention. This standard is designed to accommodate a variety of appropriate samplers and sampling materials that are commercially available.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies a test method for collection and analysis of samples of airborne particulate matter for measurement of respirable crystalline silica by infrared (IR) spectrometry.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to the analysis of crystalline silica (the polymorphs quartz, cristobalite and tridymite) over a working range of 0.025 to 0.4 mg/m3 for a 400 L air sample or 0.02 to 0.25 mg/m3 for a 1000 L air sample, depending on the analytical method.  
1.3 The methodology is applicable to personal sampling of the respirable fraction of airborne particles and to static (area) sampling.  
1.4 This test method describes three different procedures for sample preparation and infrared analysis of airborne crystalline silica samples, which are delineated in Annex A1 – Annex A3, respectively: (1) a potassium bromide (KBr) disc IR measurement method, (2) indirect IR analysis after redeposition onto a filter used for measurement, and (3) direct on-filter IR analysis.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Oct-2014
ICS
13.040.30 - Workplace atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.04 - Workplace Air Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7948-14 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Respirable Crystalline Silica in Workplace Air by Infrared Spectrometry
Effective Date
15-Oct-2014
Replaced By
ASTM D7948-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Respirable Crystalline Silica in Workplace Air by Infrared Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Referred By
ASTM D8358-21 - Standard Guide for Assessment and Inclusion of Wall Deposits in the Analysis of Single-Stage Samplers for Airborne Particulate Matter
Effective Date
15-Oct-2014
Referred By
ASTM D4844-16 - Standard Guide for Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker Protection
Effective Date
15-Oct-2014

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D7948 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Respirable Crystalline Silica in Workplace
1
Air by Infrared Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections made throughout in July 2016.
1. Scope D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
Atmospheres
1.1 This standard specifies a test method for collection and
D4532 Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace At-
analysis of samples of airborne particulate matter for measure-
mospheres Using Cyclone Samplers
ment of respirable crystalline silica by infrared (IR) spectrom-
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
etry.
D6061 Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Respi-
1.2 This test method is applicable to the analysis of crystal-
rable Aerosol Samplers
line silica (the polymorphs quartz, cristobalite and tridymite)
E1370 Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and
3
over a working range of 0.025 to 0.4 mg/m for a 400 L air
Workplace Protection
3
3
sample or 0.02 to 0.25 mg/m for a 1000 L air sample,
2.2 ISO Standards:
depending on the analytical method.
ISO 7708 Air quality — Particle size fraction definitions for
health-related sampling
1.3 The methodology is applicable to personal sampling of
the respirable fraction of airborne particles and to static (area) ISO 3534-1 Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 1:
Probability and general statistical terms in metrology
sampling.
ISO 6879 Air quality — Performance characteristics and
1.4 This test method describes three different procedures for
related concepts for air quality measuring methods
samplepreparationandinfraredanalysisofairbornecrystalline
ISO 13137 Workplace air — Pumps for personal sampling
silica samples, which are delineated in AnnexA1 – AnnexA3,
of chemical and biological agents — Requirements and
respectively: (1) a potassium bromide (KBr) disc IR measure-
test methods
ment method, (2) indirect IR analysis after redeposition onto a
ISO 15202-1 Workplace air — Determination of metals and
filterusedformeasurement,and(3)directon-filterIRanalysis.
metalloids in airborne particulate matter by inductively
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry — Part 1:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Sampling
standard.
ISO 15767 Workplace atmospheres – Controlling and char-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the acterizing errors in weighing collected aerosols
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the ISO 24095 Workplace air — Guidance for the measurement
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- of respirable crystalline silica
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
2
to Terminology D1356.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2 Definitions of General Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 respirable crystalline silica (RCS), n—inhaled par-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
ticles of crystalline silica that penetrate into the unciliated
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air
airways. ISO 24095
Quality.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2014. Published February 2015. DOI: 3.2.2 chemical agent, n—any chemical element or
10.1520/D7948-14E01.
compound, on its own or admixed as it occurs in the natural
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D7948 − 14
state or as produced by any work activity, whether or not 3.4.5 samplinginstrument,n—deviceforcollectingairborne
produced intentionally and whether or not commercially avail- particles, including the sampler, sampling pump and sampling
able. medium such as a filter.
3.4.6 sampling train, n—apparatus for collecting airborne
3.2.3 breathing zone, n—(general definition) space around
the worker’s face from where he or s
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7948 − 14 D7948 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Respirable Crystalline Silica in Workplace
1
Air by Infrared Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections made throughout in July 2016.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard specifies a test method for collection and analysis of samples of airborne particulate matter for measurement
of respirable crystalline silica by infrared (IR) spectrometry.
1.2 This test method is applicable to the analysis of crystalline silica (the polymorphs quartz, cristobalite and tridymite) over
3 3
a working range of 0.025 to 0.4 mg/m for a 400 L air sample or 0.02 to 0.25 mg/m for a 1000 L air sample, depending on the
analytical method.
1.3 The methodology is applicable to personal sampling of the respirable fraction of airborne particles and to static (area)
sampling.
1.4 This test method describes three different procedures for sample preparation and infrared analysis of airborne crystalline
silica samples, which are delineated in Annex A1 – Annex A3, respectively: (1) a potassium bromide (KBr) disc IR measurement
method, (2) indirect IR analysis after redeposition onto a filter used for measurement, and (3) direct on-filter IR analysis.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D4532 Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace Atmospheres Using Cyclone Samplers
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D6061 Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Respirable Aerosol Samplers
E1370 Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and Workplace Protection
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 7708 Air quality — Particle size fraction definitions for health-related sampling
ISO 3534-1 Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 1: Probability and general statistical terms in metrology
ISO 6879 Air quality — Performance characteristics and related concepts for air quality measuring methods
ISO 13137 Workplace air — Pumps for personal sampling of chemical and biological agents — Requirements and test methods
ISO 15202-1 Workplace air — Determination of metals and metalloids in airborne particulate matter by inductively coupled
plasma atomic emission spectrometry — Part 1: Sampling
ISO 15767 Workplace atmospheres – Controlling and characterizing errors in weighing collected aerosols
ISO 24095 Workplace air — Guidance for the measurement of respirable crystalline silica
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1356.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2014. Published February 2015. DOI: 10.1520/D7948-14.10.1520/D7948-14E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D7948 − 14
3.2 Definitions of General Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 respirable crystalline silica (RCS), n—inhaled particles of crystalline silica that penetrate into the unciliated airways. ISO
24095
3.2.2 chemical agent, n—any chemical element or compound, on its own or admixed as it occurs in the natural state or as
produced by any work activity, whether or not produced intentionally and whether or not commerciall
...

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  • Guide
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ASTM
ASTM E1370-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and Workplace Protection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide describes standard approaches used to formulate air sampling strategies before actual air sampling occurs.  
4.2 For most workplace air sampling purposes, and for the majority of materials sampled, air sampling strategies are matters of choice. Air sampling in the workplace may be done for single or multiple purposes, such as health impact, hazard or risk assessment, compliance assessment, or investigation of complaints. Problems can arise when a single air sampling strategy is expected to satisfy multiple diverse purposes.  
4.2.1 Proper consideration of limitations of cost, space, power requirements, equipment, analytical methods, training and personnel result in a best available strategy for each purpose.  
4.2.2 A strategy designed to satisfy multiple purposes must be a compromise among several alternatives, and will not be optimum for any one purpose; however, the strategy should be appropriate for the intended purpose(s).  
4.2.3 The purpose or purposes for sampling should be explicitly stated before a sampling strategy is selected in order to ensure that the sampling strategy is appropriate for the intended use. Good sampling practice, legal requirements, cost of the sampling program, and the utility of the results may be markedly different for different intended sampling purposes.  
4.3 This guide is intended for use by those who are preparing to evaluate air quality in a work environment of a location by air sampling, or who wish to obtain an understanding of what information can be obtained by carrying out air sampling.  
4.4 This guide should not be used as a stand-alone document to evaluate any given airborne contaminant(s).  
4.5 This guide cannot take the place of sound professional judgment in development and execution of any sampling strategy. In most instances, a strategy based on a standard practice or method will need to be adjusted due to conditions encountered in the field. Documentation of any professional judgments appli...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes criteria to be used in defining air sampling strategies for workplace health and safety monitoring or evaluation. Sampling criteria such as duration, frequency, number, location, method, equipment, and timing are all considered.  
1.2 Where air sampling is prescribed by law or regulation, this guide is not intended to take the place of any requirements that may be specified in such law or regulation.  
1.3 Guidance for surface sampling strategies for metals and metalloids is provided in Guide D7659.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    11 pages
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  • Guide
    11 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D8404-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by Ammonium Bifluoride-Nitric Acid Digestion for Subsequent Analysis for Metals and Metalloids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There is a need to monitor the content of metals and metalloids in order to determine the presence of potential hazards. Hence, effective and efficient methods are required for the preparation of soil samples for determination of metals and metalloids present therein.  
5.2 This practice may be used for the digestion of soil samples that are collected during various construction and renovation and hazard survey activities in and around buildings and related structures. The practice is also suitable for the digestion of soil samples for metal and metalloid analyses collected from other locations, such as near roads and steel structures. For some other extraction procedures, see Practices D3974.  
5.3 This practice is intended to be used to prepare samples that have been collected for hazard assessment purposes but may be used for other applications such as, for example, monitoring the effectiveness of remediation activities.  
5.4 This practice may be capable of determining metals and metalloids bound within matrices, such as silica, that are not soluble in nitric acid alone.  
5.5 This practice includes drying and homogenization steps to help assure that reported results are representative of the sample and are independent of potential differences in soil moisture levels among different sampling locations or changing weather conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers drying, homogenization, and ammonium bifluoride-nitric acid digestion of soil samples and associated quality control (QC) samples for the determination of metals and metalloids using laboratory atomic spectrometry analysis techniques such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). For ammonium bifluoride-nitric acid digestion of airborne dust and dust-wipe samples for the determination of metals and metalloids, see Practice D8344.  
1.2 This practice is based on U.S. EPA SW 846, Test Method 3050, Test Method D7202, and Practice D8344.  
1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this standard.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8405-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating PM2.5 Sensors or Sensor Systems Used in Indoor Air Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Poor indoor air quality has been implicated in significant adverse acute and chronic impacts on occupant health and performance. The ability to assess the components contributing to poor indoor air quality is critical for determining best practices for improving indoor air quality.  
5.2 Measurement of pollutants in indoor environments using sensors and sensor systems provides information needed to improve indoor air quality through pollutant source control, ventilation, filtration or other treatments.  
5.3 This method uses a test characterization chamber system equipped with reference monitor(s) to evaluate the response of test sensors or test sensor systems to specific types of particles (for example, salt, polystyrene latex, or dust). To facilitate reproducible results, the test particles used within this method are standardized and have known properties. The user is cautioned that a single particle type is not representative of all particles found indoors. The relative response of test sensors or test sensor systems to a reference monitor can vary by a factor of two for different particle types (for example, primary or secondary, organic or inorganic, outdoor or indoor origin; see 6.11.3 for further discussion). Furthermore, the user is cautioned that the lower limit of particle size detection for optical test sensors and test sensor systems is generally 0.3 μm in diameter; particles below this size are generally undetected and may represent a significant health concern as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses a chamber system to evaluate the performance of stationary PM2.5 sensors (sensors) and particle sensor systems (sensor systems) subjected to various test conditions, including temperature, relative humidity, PM2.5 concentration, and coarse PM interferent concentration.  
1.1.1 This test method covers sensors and sensor systems that can be continuously powered and continuously operated for the duration of any test described in this method through line power or an internal battery of sufficient output. This test method is not meant to evaluate sensors or sensor systems without these capabilities.  
1.1.2 This test method evaluates the performance of sensors and sensor systems that allow users to collect data in a systemic manner to assess the capabilities and limitations of these devices.  
1.1.3 This test method is not meant to evaluate sensors or sensor systems without data storage and recording capabilities.  
1.1.4 This test method is not intended to evaluate indoor air quality sensors and sensor systems for purposes of regulation of outdoor air, homeland security, law enforcement or forensic activity.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    18 pages
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