ASTM D4177-22
(Practice)Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Representative samples of petroleum and petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties, which are used to establish standard volumes, prices, and compliance with commercial terms and regulatory requirements. This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. This practice does not address how to sample crude at temperatures below the freezing point of water.
PART I—General
This part is applicable to all petroleum liquid sampling whether it be crude oil or refined products. Review this section before designing or installing any automatic sampling system.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes general procedures and equipment for automatically obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum products, crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container. This practice also provides additional specific information about sample container selection, preparation, and sample handling. If sampling is for the precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample mixing and handling, refer to Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids.
1.2 Table of Contents:
Section
INTRODUCTION
Scope
1
Referenced Documents
2
Terminology
3
Significance and Use
4
PART I–GENERAL
Representative Sampling Components
5
Design Criteria
6
Automatic Sampling Systems
7
Sampling Location
8
Mixing of the Flowing Stream
9
Proportionality
10
Sample Extractor Grab Volume
11
Containers
12
Sample Handling and Mixing
13
Control Systems
14
Sample System Security
15
System Proving (Performance Acceptance Tests)
16
Performance Monitoring
17
PART II–CRUDE OIL
Crude Oil
18
PART III–REFINED PRODUCTS
Refined Products
19
KEYWORDS
Keywords
20
ANNEXES
Calculations of the Margin of Error based on Number of Sample Grabs
Annex A1
Theoretical Calculations for Selecting the Sampler Probe Location
Annex A2
Portable Sampling Units
Annex A3
Profile Performance Test
Annex A4
Sampler Acceptance Test Data
Annex A5
APPENDIXES
Design Data Sheet for Automatic Sampling System
Appendix X1
Comparisons of Percent Sediment and Water versus Unloading Time Period
Appendix X2
Sampling Frequency and Sampling System Monitoring Spreadsheet
Appendix X3
Sampling System Monitoring—Additional Diagnostics
Appendix X4
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or US Customary (USC) units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Except where there is no direct SI equivalent, such as for National Pipe Threads/diameters, or tubing.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D4177 − 22
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.2
Standard Practice for
1
Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4177; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The previous version of the automatic sampling practice described the design, installation, testing,
and operation of automated equipment for the extraction of representative samples from the flowing
stream and storing mainly for crude oil.
This practice is a performance-based standard. It still includes the design, installation, testing, and
operation of automated equipment for extraction of representative samples. It also includes the testing
and proving of a sampling system in the field under actual operating conditions to ensure that the
equipment, installation, and operating procedures produce representative samples. The acceptance
criteria for custody transfer are covered in this practice. This practice does not address how to sample
crude at temperatures below the freezing point of water. Extensive revisions have been made to the
prior version of D4177 (API MPMS Chapter 8.2).
This practice also provides guidance for periodic verification of the sampling system.
This practice is separated into three parts:
General—Sections 5 – 17 (Part I) are currently applicable to crude oil and refined products. Review
this section before designing or installing any automatic sampling system.
Crude Oil Sampling—Section 18 (Part II) contains additional information required to complete the
design, testing, and monitoring of a crude oil sampling system.
Refined Product Sampling—Section 19 (Part III) contains additional information required to
complete the design of a refined product sampling system.
A representative sample is “A portion extracted from the total volume that contains the constituents
in the same proportions that are present in that total volume.” Representative samples are required for
the determination of chemical and physical properties that are used to establish standard volumes,
prices, and compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications.
The process of obtaining a representative sample consists of the following: the physical equipment,
the correct matching of that equipment to the application, the adherence to procedures by the
operator(s) of that equipment, and the proper handling and analysis.
1. Scope* and petroleum products, crude oils, and intermediate products
from the sample point into the primary container. This practice
1.1 This practice describes general procedures and equip-
also provides additional specific information about sample
ment for automatically obtaining samples of liquid petroleum
container selection, preparation, and sample handling. If sam-
pling is for the precise determination of volatility, use Practice
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum
Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ the practice. For sample mixing and handling, refer to Practice
joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer
D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). This practice does not cover
(Joint ASTM-API). This practice has been approved by the sponsoring committees
sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids.
and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established proce-
dures. This practice was issued as a joint ASTM-API standard in 1982.
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published August 2022. Originally
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D4177 – 20. DOI:
10.1520/D4177-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
© Jointly copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA and the American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L Street NW, Washington DC 20005, USA
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4177 − 22
1.2 Table of Contents: 2. Referenced Documents
2
Section
2.1 ASTM Standards:
INTRODUCTION
D4007 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by
Scope 1
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Significance and Use 4
Petroleum Products
PART I–G
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4177 − 20 D4177 − 22
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.2
Standard Practice for
1
Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4177; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The previous version of the automatic sampling practice described the design, installation, testing,
and operation of automated equipment for the extraction of representative samples from the flowing
stream and storing mainly for crude oil.
This practice is a performance-based standard. It still includes the design, installation, testing, and
operation of automated equipment for extraction of representative samples. It also includes the testing
and proving of a sampling system in the field under actual operating conditions to ensure that the
equipment, installation, and operating procedures produce representative samples. The acceptance
criteria for custody transfer are covered in this practice. This practice does not address how to sample
crude at temperatures below the freezing point of water. Extensive revisions have been made to the
prior version of D4177 (API MPMS Chapter 8.2).
This practice also provides guidance for periodic verification of the sampling system.
This practice is separated into three parts:
General—Sections 5 – 17 (Part I) are currently applicable to crude oil and refined products. Review
this section before designing or installing any automatic sampling system.
Crude Oil Sampling—Section 18 (Part II) contains additional information required to complete the
design, testing, and monitoring of a crude oil sampling system.
Refined Product Sampling—Section 19 (Part III) contains additional information required to
complete the design of a refined product sampling system.
A representative sample is “A portion extracted from the total volume that contains the constituents
in the same proportions that are present in that total volume.” Representative samples are required for
the determination of chemical and physical properties that are used to establish standard volumes,
prices, and compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications.
The process of obtaining a representative sample consists of the following: the physical equipment,
the correct matching of that equipment to the application, the adherence to procedures by the
operator(s) of that equipment, and the proper handling and analysis.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice describes general procedures and equipment for automatically obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum Measurement,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API).
This practice has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures. This practice was issued
as a joint ASTM-API standard in 1982.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020July 1, 2022. Published November 2020August 2022. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20162020 as
ɛ1
D4177 – 16D4177 – 20. . DOI: 10.1520/D4177-20.10.1520/D4177-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
© Jointly copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA and the American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L Street NW, Washington DC 20005, USA
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4177 − 22
petroleum products, crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container. This practice also
provides additional specific information about sample container selection, preparation, and sample handling. If sampling is for the
precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample
mixing and handling, refer to Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). This practice does not cover sampling of electrical
insulating oils and hydraulic fluids.
2
...
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