Name: ASTM D2395-07 - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
Brand: ASTM
SKU: 94588039-7e4c-478c-91ed-8f7fa23ee55c
Price: 68 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (4 reviews)

Abstract

Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the specific gravity of wood and wood-based materials to generally desired degrees of accuracy and for specimens of different sizes, shapes, and moisture content conditions. The method title is indicative of the procedures used or the specific area of use.SectionMethod A—Volume by Measurement6Method B—Volume by Water Immersion9Method C—Flotation Tube12Method D—Forstner Bit15Method E—Increment Core18Method F—Chips21
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status

Historical

Publication Date

31-Mar-2007

ICS

79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber

79.060.01 - Wood-based panels in general

Technical Committee

D07 - Wood

Drafting Committee

D07.01 - Fundamental Test Methods and Properties

Current Stage

Ref Project

Relations

Replaces

ASTM D2395-06 - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Replaced By

ASTM D2395-07a - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

Effective Date

01-Jul-2007

Referred By

ASTM D7966/D7966M-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Creep of Adhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading (Wood-to-Wood)

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Referred By

ASTM D3044-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Structural Panels

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Referred By

ASTM D6874-22a - Standard Test Methods for Nondestructive Evaluation of the Stiffness of Wood and Wood-Based Materials Using Transverse Vibration or Stress Wave Propagation

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Referred By

ASTM D1666-22 - Standard Test Methods for Conducting Machining Tests of Wood and Wood-Base Panel Materials

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Referred By

ASTM D143-22 - Standard Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Referred By

ASTM D3043-17 - Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Flexure

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Referred By

ASTM D2719-19 - Standard Test Methods for Wood Structural Panels in Shear Through-the-Thickness

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Referred By

ASTM D3500-20 - Standard Test Methods for Wood Structural Panels in Tension

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Referred By

ASTM D7031-11(2019) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite Products

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Referred By

ASTM D7247-17 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Shear Strength of Adhesive Bonds in Laminated Wood Products at Elevated Temperatures

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Referred By

ASTM D3499-19 - Standard Test Method for Toughness of Wood Structural Panels

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Referred By

ASTM E72-22 - Standard Test Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building Construction

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Referred By

ASTM D5764-23a - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strength of Wood and Wood-Based Products

Effective Date

01-Apr-2007

Buy Standard

Standard

ASTM D2395-07 - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

English language

8 pages

sale 15% off

Preview

sale 15% off

Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

ASTM D2395-07 - Standard Test ...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2395 – 07
Standard Test Methods for
1
Speciﬁc Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation D 2395; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The speciﬁc gravity is the weight of any given volume of a substance divided by the weight of an
equal volume of water. As both the weight and volume of wood vary with the amount of moisture
contained in the wood, speciﬁc gravity as applied to wood is an indeﬁnite quantity unless the
conditions under which it is determined are clearly speciﬁed.The speciﬁc gravity of wood is generally
basedontheweightwhenoven-dry,butthevolumemaybethatintheoven-dry,partiallydry,orgreen
condition. The amount of moisture retained at any equilibrium condition is proportional to the dry
weight of the specimen, and for this reason moisture content is normally expressed as a percent of the
oven-dry weight of the wood.
1. Scope D 9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
ucts
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
D 4442 TestMethodsforDirectMoistureContentMeasure-
speciﬁcgravityofwoodandwood-basedmaterialstogenerally
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
desired degrees of accuracy and for specimens of different
D 4444 TestMethodsforUseandCalibrationofHand-Held
sizes, shapes, and moisture content conditions. The method
Moisture Meters
title is indicative of the procedures used or the speciﬁc area of
use.
3. Summary of Test Methods
Section
3.1 The accuracy of the speciﬁc gravity value obtained on a
MethodA—VolumebyMeasurement 6
MethodB—VolumebyWaterImmersion 9
representative specimen will depend upon the accuracy of the
MethodC—FlotationTube 12
measurements made. If the specimens are carefully prepared
MethodD—ForstnerBit 15
and regular in shape, the volume determined by MethodAcan
MethodE—IncrementCore 18
MethodF—Chips 21
be quite exact. The volume of irregularly shaped specimens
can best be determined by immersion in water and if due care
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
is taken to prevent absorption of water, Method B will give
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
results of great precision. Method C is an approximate method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
but a procedure that can be very useful, particularly as part of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a production procedure. Methods D and E are especially
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
adapted to gravity measurements of living trees or of in-place
2. Referenced Documents
elements and the accuracy of the result is dependent upon the
2
care used in obtaining the specimen. Method F is a speciﬁc
2.1 ASTM Standards:
procedure for wood chips.
3.2 Conversion of Values—It may often be desirable to
convert the speciﬁc gravity obtained at one moisture content to
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
that at some other moisture content condition. This may be
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental
approximated by the use of the chart in Fig. 1. The values of
Test Methods and Properties.
speciﬁc gravity based on oven-dry volume or volume at the
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 2395 – 06.
current moisture content, less than the ﬁber saturation value,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
are read on the left-hand scale. The speciﬁc gravity values
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
based on green volume are plotted on the diagonal lines. All
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. values are based on oven-dry weight.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D2395–07
FIG. 1 Relation of Speciﬁc Gravity and Moisture Content
3.2.1 To illustrate the use of the chart, assume the speciﬁc gravity at 8 % moisture content is 0.45 and the value at 15 %
gravity on an oven-dry weight and green volume basis is 0.55 moisture content is desired, enter the char
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM

ASTM D1666-22(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Conducting Machining Tests of Wood and Wood-Base Panel Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Machining tests are made to determine the working qualities and characteristics of different species of wood and of different wood-based panel materials under a variety of machine operations such as are encountered in commercial manufacturing practice. The tests provide a systematic basis for comparing the behavior of different products with respect to woodworking machine operations and of evaluating their potential suitability for certain uses where these properties are of prime importance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for planing, routing/shaping, turning, mortising, boring, and sanding, all of which are common wood-working operations used in the manufacture of wood products. These tests apply, in different degrees, to two general classes of materials:
1.1.1 Wood in the form of lumber, and
1.1.2 Wood-base panel materials such as plywood and wood-base fiber and particle panels.
1.2 Because of the importance of planing, some of the variables that affect the results of this operation are explored with a view to determining optimum conditions. In most of the other tests, however, it is necessary to limit the work to one set of fairly typical commercial conditions in which all the different woods are treated alike.
1.3 Several factors enter into any complete appraisal of the machining properties of a given wood or wood-base panel. Quality of finished surface is recommended as the basis for evaluation of machining properties. Rate of dulling of cutting tools and power consumed in cutting are also important considerations but are beyond the scope of these test methods.
1.4 Although the methods presented include the results of progressive developments in the evaluation of machining properties, further improvements are anticipated. For example, by present procedures, quality of the finished surface is evaluated by visual inspection, but as new mechanical or physical techniques become available that will afford improved precision of evaluation, they should be employed.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
17 pages
English language
sale 15% off
Standard
17 pages
English language
sale 15% off

31-Jul-2022
79.040
79.060.01
D07

ASTM

ASTM D2395-17(2022)(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density and specific gravity are cornerstone terms that help define many useful properties of wood and wood-based materials. These terms designate concepts that have distinct definitions though they relate to the same characteristic (mass in a unit volume). Generally, in the US and Canada, density of wood is measured in terms of specific gravity, or relative density. In the wood-based composites industry and internationally the term density is often preferred.
5.2 The basic density and basic specific gravity of wood are used in the forestry industry for calculating the oven-dry weight of wood fiber contained in a known wood volume of various wood species. Thus, it serves as an indicator of the amount of wood pulp that could be produced, the workability of the material or its shipping weight. This information is referenced in various resources, including Wood Handbook.5 Note that specific gravity varies within a tree, between trees, and between species. Since the specific gravity of wood cell wall substance is practically constant for all species (approximately 1.53), it is apparent that individual specific gravity value is indicative of the amount of wood cell wall substance present. It affords a rapid and valuable test method for selection of wood for specific uses. In US and Canadian building codes, the oven-dry specific gravity is correlated to various strength characteristics of wood products (for example, compression perpendicular to grain, shear strength and fastener holding capacity).
5.3 It is often desirable to know the density or specific gravity of a living tree, a structural member already in place, a log cross section, a segment of a research element, or the earlywood or latewood layer. Therefore, it is possible that specimens will be large or small, regular or irregular in shape, and at a variety of moisture contents. These test methods give procedures that include all of these variables and provides for calculation of density and specific gr...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the density and specific gravity (relative density) of wood and wood-based materials to generally desired degrees of accuracy and for specimens of different sizes, shapes, and moisture content conditions. The test method title is indicative of the procedures used or the specific area of use.
Section
Test Method A—Volume by Measurement
8
Test Method B—Volume by Water Immersion
9
Test Method C—Flotation Tube
10
Test Method D—Forstner Bit
11
Test Method E—Increment Core
12
Test Method F—Chips
13
Test Method G—Full-Size Members
14
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
13 pages
English language
sale 15% off

31-Jul-2022
79.040
79.060.01
D07

ASTM

ASTM D1166-21(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Methoxyl Groups in Wood and Related Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Most of the methoxyl in wood is attributable to the lignin. This test method is used extensively in the study of lignin.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of methoxyl groups in wood and related materials (1-7).2 The test method is applicable to milled wood or sawdust, or by suitable adjustment in size of the test specimen, to fractions isolated from wood and lignin.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
4 pages
English language
sale 15% off
Standard
4 pages
English language
sale 15% off

31-Mar-2021
79.040
79.060.01
D07

ASTM

ASTM D3201/D3201M-20(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Hygroscopic Properties of Fire-Retardant Wood and Wood-Based Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The hygroscopic properties of wood and wood-based products treated with fire-retardant chemicals are often greater than for untreated products. This is particularly true at the higher relative humidity conditions. This higher hygroscopicity sometimes is the cause for staining, decay, poor paint adhesion, and migration and exuding of chemicals and moisture at the high humidities. Corrosion of metal fasteners sometimes also occurs.
4.2 The results obtained with this standard are important in identifying treatments with low hygroscopic properties.
4.3 Results can be useful in determining exposure limitations in service for specific treated products.
4.4 Building codes and other specifications for fire-retardant-treated wood for interior use include requirements based on this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method prescribes the procedure for determining the hygroscopicity of fire retardant treated wood products by determining the moisture content of fire-retardant-treated wood and wood-based product specimens after exposure to a test condition of 92 ± 2 % relative humidity at 81 ± 4°F [27 ± 2°C].
1.2 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems has the potential to result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
3 pages
English language
sale 15% off
Standard
3 pages
English language
sale 15% off

30-Sep-2020
79.040
79.060.01
D07

ASTM

ASTM D4442-20(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Moisture content is one of the most important variables affecting the properties of wood and wood-based materials. The procedures in these test methods are structured to permit the full range of use from fundamental research to industrial processing. Method A is the reference (primary) standard for determining moisture content of wood and wood-based materials, which is designed for obtaining the most precise values of moisture content consistent with the needs of the user. It provides means of assessing variability contributed by the oven or specimen hygroscopicity, or both. In addition, criteria are described for defining the endpoint in oven-drying. Method B provides relatively simple procedures of measuring moisture content, but generally with a lower precision than Method A. Representativeness of the specimens to the full-size product, including knots, sapwood, and heartwood, needs to be considered. These methods are not recommended for use with treated wood products impregnated with creosote, petroleum, and their solutions where the volatile non-wood chemicals contained in the specimen introduce greater bias than desired in the results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the moisture content (MC) of wood, veneer, and other wood-based materials, including those that contain adhesives and chemical additives. The test procedures appear in the following order:
Sections
Method A—Primary Oven-Drying Method
5
Method B—Secondary Oven-Drying Method
6
1.2 The primary oven-drying method (Method A) is intended as the sole primary method. It is structured for purposes where the highest accuracy or degree of precision is needed (for example, research or calibration).
1.3 The secondary oven-drying method (Method B) is intended for the purposes where the primary procedure (Method A) is not desired or justified. Test results in this method are generally less precise than in Method A.
1.4 For materials that have been chemically treated or impregnated with creosote, petroleum, and their solutions such that the oven-drying procedures introduce greater bias than desired in the results, other methods, such as AWPA A6, are recommended.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
5 pages
English language
sale 15% off
Standard
5 pages
English language
sale 15% off

29-Feb-2020
79.040
79.060.01
D07

ASTM

ASTM D4761-19(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumber and Wood-Based Structural Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods provide procedures that are applicable under true field conditions, such as in a plant with specimens not at moisture equilibrium.
4.2 The data established by these test methods can be used as follows:
4.2.1 Develop strength and stiffness properties for the population represented by the material being tested (that is, individual grades, grade combinations, species, species groups, or any other defined, identifiable sample).
4.2.2 Confirm the validity of strength and stiffness properties for the population represented by the material being tested.
4.2.3 Investigate the effect of parameters that have the potential to influence the strength and stiffness properties of the material, such as moisture content, temperature, knot size and location, or slope of grain.
4.3 The procedures chosen in accordance with these test methods shall be fully documented in the report to facilitate correlation with test results obtained through the use of traditional procedures, such as those set forth in Test Methods D198.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the mechanical properties of stress-graded lumber and other wood-based structural materials.
1.2 These test methods appear in the following order:
Section
Bending edge-wise
6
Bending flat-wise:
Center-point loading
7
Third-point loading
8
Axial strength in tension
9
Axial strength in compression
10
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
11 pages
English language
sale 15% off
Standard
11 pages
English language
sale 15% off

31-Mar-2019
79.040
79.060.01
D07

ASTM

ASTM E661-22(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under Concentrated Static and Impact Loads

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedures outlined will provide data that can be used to evaluate the structural performance, under concentrated loads, of roof and floor sheathing, separate from the effects of the framing, under simulated conditions representative of those in actual service.
5.2 The procedures are intended to be applied to roof or floor sheathing materials installed directly to framing. They are not intended for the evaluation of the framed assembly as a whole.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the resistance to deflection and damage of floor and roof sheathing used in site-built construction subjected to concentrated static loads as well as impact loads from nonrigid blunt objects. It is applicable to wood and wood-based panels and boards, but is not intended to cover profiled metal decks, nor precast or cast-in-place slabs. Surface indentation is not evaluated separately from deflection.
1.2 Three applications are covered: roof sheathing, subfloors, and single floors. Roof sheathing is tested in both a dry and a wet condition, while subfloors and single floors are both tested in a dry condition, as well as a condition of having dried out after being wet. These moisture conditions are those commonly experienced with site-built construction.
Note 1: Where it is anticipated that sheathing will be subjected only to dry conditions during construction and use, or else to greater moisture exposure than is indicated in 7.3.2, the corresponding exposure conditions may be modified by agreement between the interested parties. For example, shop-built construction may be tested dry only, although the possibility of exposure to high humidity or leaks and flooding during use should be considered.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.