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ASTM A540/A540M-04

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications

Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers regular and special-quality alloy steel bolting materials which may be used for nuclear and other special applications. Bolting materials as used in this specification cover rolled or forged bars, rotary pierced or extruded seamless tubes, bored bars, or forged hollows from forged or rolled bar segments to be manufactured into bolts, studs, washers, and nuts.
1.2 Several grades of steel are covered. The grade and class shall be specified by the purchaser.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use when special quality is desired. These supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made and when desired shall be so stated in the order, together with the acceptance limits required.
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable" M" specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2004
ICS
21.060.01 - Fasteners in general
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.22 - Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A540/A540M-00 - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Replaced By
ASTM A540/A540M-05 - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM A962/A962M-23a - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
Effective Date
01-May-2004

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ASTM A540/A540M-04 - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special ApplicationsASTM A540/A540M-04 - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications
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ASTM A540/A540M-04 - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A 540/A 540M – 04
Standard Specification for
1
Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 540/A 540M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E 45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content
2
of Steel
1.1 This specification covers regular and special-quality
2.2 AIAG Standard:
alloy steel bolting materials which may be used for nuclear and
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-
other special applications. Bolting materials as used in this
4
cation Standard
specification cover rolled or forged bars, rotary pierced or
5
2.3 ANSI Standards:
extruded seamless tubes, bored bars, or forged hollows from
B 1.1 Unified Screw Threads
forged or rolled bar segments to be manufactured into bolts,
B 18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws Including Hex
studs, washers, and nuts.
Cap Screws and Lag Bolts
1.2 Several grades of steel are covered. The grade and class
B 18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts
shall be specified by the purchaser.
B 18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
provided for use when special quality is desired. These
3. Ordering Information
supplementaryrequirementscallforadditionalteststobemade
3.1 Material supplied to this material specification shall
and when desired shall be so stated in the order, together with
conform to Specification A 962/A 962M. These requirements
the acceptance limits required.
outline the testing and retesting methods and procedures,
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
permissible variations in dimensions, and mass, quality and
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
repair of defects, marking, etc.
applicable“ M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-
3.2 In addition to the ordering information specified in
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
Specification A 962/A 962M, orders for material under this
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
specification shall include the following, as required, to de-
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
scribe the desired material adequately:
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
3.2.1 Condition (Section 4),
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
3.2.2 Heat treatment (Section 5),
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
3.2.3 Supplementary Requirements (S1 to S9),
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
3.2.4 Reports required (Section 16),
cation.
3.2.5 End use, and
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.6 Any special requirements.
3
3.3 The purchaser is referred to the listed supplementary
2.1 ASTM Standards:
requirements in this specification and to the detailed require-
A 962/A 962M Specification for Common Requirements
ments in Specification A 962/A 962M.
forSteelFastenersorFastenerMaterials,orBoth,Intended
3.4 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep
with the requirements of Specification A 962/A 962M, the
Range
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
4. Manufacture
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
4.1 The material shall be supplied hot-rolled or hot-forged
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and Bolting
or cold-finished at the option of the producer. However, if
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
desired by the purchaser, cold finishing may be specified.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A 540/A 540M – 00.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications see related Specifi-
cation SA-540 in Section II of that Code.
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Automotive Industry Action Group, 26200 Lahser, Suite 200,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Southfield, MI 48034.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
the ASTM website. 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to carbon, alloy, stainless steel, and nickel alloy bolting under any of the following ASTM Specifications (or under any other ASTM Specifications that invoke this specification or portions thereof):
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ASTM Designation  
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1.2 In case of conflict, the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.  
1.3 Fasteners are a wide-ranging classification that includes screws, bolts, nuts, washers, stud bolts, rivets, powder-actuated studs, staples, tacks, and pins. Bolting, which is composed of bolting materials, such as rods, bars, flats, and forgings, which are subsequently manufactured into bolting components, are a special sub-group of fasteners. Bolting materials and components have designated compositions and specific properties intended for applications in aggressive service where commercial generic fasteners may not be suitable or have insufficient fitness for purpose under certain conditions. These conditions include cryogenic or high temperature service, or excessive vibration, impact, or shock. To further address any other special service conditions where bolting is intended for use, additional requirements may be specified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier.  
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. Unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units) the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; there...

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ASTM A193/A193M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. Ferritic steels shall be properly heat treated as best suits the high temperature characteristics of each grade. Immediately after rolling or forging, the bolting material shall be allowed to cool to a temperature below the cooling transformation range. The chemical composition requirements for each alloy are presented in details. The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element. The tensile property and hardness property requirements are discussed, the tensile property requirement is highlighted by a full size fasteners, wedge tensile testing.
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1.1 This specification2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolting materials and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated or carbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.  
1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels and austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high temperature characteristics.  
1.3 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.
Note 1: The committee formulating this specification has included several steel types that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent.
Note 2: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use at the lower range of high temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A354.
Note 3: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use in low temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A320/A320M.  
1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 13.  
1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or contract.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
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ABSTRACT
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1.1 This specification2 covers regular and special-quality alloy steel bolting materials and bolting components that may be used for nuclear and other special applications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting.  
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1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary Requirements shall only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
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Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Cap Screws, Bolts, Anchors, and Studs

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This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators (DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs. These DTIs are intended for installation under a bolt or cap screw head, a hex nut, or against a hardened washer or other flat hardened surface. The following are two types of DTIs: Type 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large bearing surfaces and Type 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller bearing surfaces. DTIs shall have a configuration produced by extrusion, punching, pressing, or similar forming to permit a measurable decrease in thickness when placed in compression. The design shall be such that the degree of plastic deformation of the protrusions shall indicate the tension in a tightened cap screw, bolt, anchor, or stud. The process used for heat treatment of DTIs, if required, shall be through-hardening by heating to a temperature above the upper transformation temperature, quenching in oil, and then tempering by reheating to a suitable temperature to attain desired mechanical/performance properties. Protective coatings, platings, or finishes may be applied on the DTIs if specified. Compression load and hardness of the DTIs shall be determined by performing mechanical tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators (DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs.  
1.2 Direct tension indicators in inch sizes 1/4 through 21/2 in. and metric sizes M6 and M72 are covered.  
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1.3.2 Style 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large bearing surfaces. Style 2 DTIs are available in Grades 55 and 105, which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1 and Table 3).    
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1.5 Recommended Fasteners—Fasteners meeting the requirements of the standards referenced in Table 3 are considered compatible with the DTI grade or class listed.  
1.6 The values stated for Inch DTIs are expressed in inch-pound units and for Metric DTIs values are expressed in SI units. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 12of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F959/F959M-17a(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series

ABSTRACT
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, (DTIs) capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum tension in a structural bolting assembly.  
1.2 Eight types of DTIs in nominal diameter sizes 1/2 through 1 1/2 in. as well as M16 through M36 are covered:  
1.2.1 Type 325-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325 Type 1 bolts or Grade F1852 assemblies.  
1.2.2 Type 325–3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325 Type 3 bolts or Grade F1852 Type 3 assemblies.  
1.2.3 Type 490–1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490 Type 1 bolts or Grade F2280 assemblies.  
1.2.4 Type 490–3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490 Type 3 bolts Grade F2280 Type 3 assemblies.  
1.2.5 Type 8.8-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325M Type 1 bolts.  
1.2.6 Type 8.8-3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325M Type 3 bolts.  
1.2.7 Type 10.9-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490M Type 1 bolts.  
1.2.8 Type 10.9-3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490M Type 3 bolts.  
1.3 DTIs are intended for installation with the protrusions against a hardened surface such as a bolt head, a hardened nut, or a hardened washer. (See Research Council on Structural Connections: Specification for Structural Joints Using High–Strength Bolts.)  
1.4 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 DTIs to a Chemical Composition Requirement or a Corrosion Resistance Index (CRI) at the manufacturer’s discretion.  
1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise specified.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 10 and Appendix X1 of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1789-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.  
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically. In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.  
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE J412.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM G198-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Corrosion Performance of Driven Fasteners in Contact with Treated Wood

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides controlled environments which are utilized to produce corrosion of metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with treated wood exposed to the given test environments. The test method provides information that can be used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of metal, metal-coated, or nonmetallic-coated smooth or deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with different chemical wood treatments.  
5.2 The results shall be used for comparative purposes only and they shall not be correlated to exposure time in natural environments.  
5.3 The reproducibility of results in these types of tests is highly dependent on the type of samples tested and the evaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of the operating variables.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and focuses on the corrosion resistance of metal, metal-coated, and nonmetallic-coated smooth and deformed shank driven fasteners in contact with treated wood in exterior or high moisture exposure applications using comparative tests with control fastener specimens of standardized benchmarks. This test method may be used for preservative-treated wood.  
1.2 This test method describes the apparatus, procedure, and conditions required to maintain test environments for the Cyclic Fog Test and the Steady State Moisture Test.  
1.3 This test method describes the types of test samples, lists exposure periods, and gives guidance on interpretation of results.  
1.4 Until experience is gained comparing laboratory-to-laboratory results with this test method, comparisons of fasteners, coatings, materials, or preservatives shall be made only within the results of the same test.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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