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ASTM D4293-22

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester-Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Applications

Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester-Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for phosphate ester based fire resistant fluids for use in turbine lubrication. Only unused fluid is defined before it is installed in the turbine while fluids used in electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems is not. The use of this type of fluid is restricted to turbine systems that have been designed or modified to accommodate phosphate ester lubricants. Fire tests shall be performed which measure and describe the properties of the phosphate esters in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be considered or used for the description or appraisal of the fire hazard of the fluids under actual fire conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for phosphate ester-based fluids for turbine lubricants and electro-hydraulic control fluids, as delivered.  
1.2 The use of this type of fluid is restricted to turbine systems designed or modified to accommodate phosphate ester fluids.  
1.3 This standard does not cover the minimum requirements for in-service phosphate ester fluids for the turbine electro-hydraulic control (EHC) fluid. These requirements are provided in Guide D8323.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. For convenience, other units of measurement are provided in brackets.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2022
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.C0.01 - Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems
Current Stage
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ASTM D4293-22 - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester-Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) ApplicationsASTM D4293-22 - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester-Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Applications
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REDLINE ASTM D4293-22 - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester-Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) ApplicationsREDLINE ASTM D4293-22 - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester-Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Applications
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Technical specification
REDLINE ASTM D4293-22 - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester-Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Applications
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D4293 −22
Standard Specification for
Phosphate Ester-Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and
Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC)
1
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Open Cup Tester
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
phosphate ester-based fluids for turbine lubricants and electro-
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
hydraulic control fluids, as delivered.
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
1.2 The use of this type of fluid is restricted to turbine
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
systems designed or modified to accommodate phosphate ester
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
fluids.
ity)
1.3 Thisstandarddoesnotcovertheminimumrequirements
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
for in-service phosphate ester fluids for the turbine electro- by Potentiometric Titration
hydraulic control (EHC) fluid. These requirements are pro-
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
vided in Guide D8323. ing Oils
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Indicator Titration
standard. For convenience, other units of measurement are
D1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of
provided in brackets.
Electrical Insulating Liquids
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ucts by Hydrometer Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D1401 TestMethodforWaterSeparabilityofPetroleumOils
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and Synthetic Fluids
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
cosity System
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D3427 Test Method forAir Release Properties of Hydrocar-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
bon Based Oils
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
2. Referenced Documents
Fuels, and Lubricants
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-
lometric Karl Fischer Titration
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on D7546 Test Method for Determination of Moisture in New
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
and In-Service Lubricating Oils andAdditives by Relative
Subcommittee D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems.
Humidity Sensor
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published January 2023. Originally
ɛ1
D8112 Guide for Obtaining In-Service Samples of Turbine
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4293 – 15 . DOI:
10.1520/D4293-22.
Operation Related Lubricating Fluid
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D8323 Guide for Management of In-Service Phosphate
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Ester-based Fluids for Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Control (EHC) Systems
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4293−22
3
2.2 EN Standards: ISO 8068 Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Products
EN 14832 Petroleum and Related Products—Determination (Class L)—Family T (Turbines)—Specification for Lubri-
of the Oxidation Stability and Corrosivity of Fire-resistant cating Oils for Turbines
Phosphate Ester Fluids ISO 9001 Quality Ma
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D4293 − 15 D4293 − 22
Standard Specification for
Phosphate Ester Based Ester-Based Fluids for Turbine
Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control
1
(EHC) Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Corrected the spacing/formatting of a row in Table 4 editorially in March 2018.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for phosphate ester based ester-based fluids for turbine lubricants and
electro-hydraulic control fluids, as delivered.
1.2 The use of this type of fluid is restricted to turbine systems that have been designed or modified to accommodate phosphate
ester fluids.
1.3 This standard does not cover the minimum requirements for in-service phosphate ester fluids for the turbine electro-hydraulic
control (EHC) fluid. These requirements are provided in Guide D8323.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No For convenience, other units of measurement are
includedprovided in this standard.brackets.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015Dec. 1, 2022. Published July 2015January 2023. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 as
ɛ1
D4293 – 83D4293 – 15 (2008). DOI: 10.1520/D4293-15E01.10.1520/D4293-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4293 − 22
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration
D1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
D3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Hydrocarbon Based Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl
Fischer Titration
D7546 Test Method for Determination of Moisture in New and In-Service Lubricating Oils and Additives by Relative Humidity
Sensor
D8112 Guide for Obtaining In-Service Samples of Turbine Operation Related Lubricating Fluid
D8323 Guide for Management of In-Service Phosphate Ester-based Fluids for Steam Turbine Electro-Hydrau
...

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Section  
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Scope  
1  
Referenced documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Methods  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
General Laboratory Requirements  
6.1  
Test Engine  
6.2  
Test Engine Accessories and Parts  
6.3  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Test Oil Sample Requirements  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Engine Inspection  
9.1  
Engine Pre-Test Lubrication System Flush  
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Engine Pre-Test Measurements and Inspections  
9.3  
Engine Assembly  
9.4  
Pressure Testing of Fuel System Assembly  
9.5  
Calibration of Engine Test Stand  
10  
General Requirements and Frequency of Calibration  
10.1  
Runs  
10.2  
Specified Test Parameters  
10.3  
Calibration Test Acceptance Criteria  
10.4  
Action on Rejection of Calibration Test  
10.5  
Test Numbering  
10.6  
Reference Oils  
10.7  
Severity Adjustments  
10.8  
Engine Operating Procedure  
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1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus and Installation  
6  
Intake Air System  
6.2.1  
Exhaust System  
6.2.2  
Fuel System  
6.2.3  
Oil Consumption System  
6.2.4  
Engine Oil System  
6.2.5  
Oil Heating System  
6.2.5.1  
Oil Sample Valve  
6.2.5.2  
Engine Coolant System  
6.2.6  
Engine Instrumentation  
6.2.7  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Oil Samples  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
General Engine Assembly Practices  
9.1  
Complete Engine Inspection  
9.2  
Copper Components  
9.3  
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9.4  
Engine Piston Cooling Jets  
9.5  
Engine Measurements and Inspections  
9.6  
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9.7  
Valve Guide Bushings  
9.8  
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9.9  
Piston and Rings  
9.10  
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9.13  
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure  
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Calibration and Standardization  
10  
Test Cell Instrumentation  
10.1  
Instrumentation Standards  
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Re-calibration Requirements  
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Fuel Injectors  
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10.6  
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10.7  
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10.8  
Oil Scale Flow Rates  
10.9  
Calibration of Test Stands  
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Extending Test Stand Calibration Period  
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Test Run Numbering  
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Humidity Calibration Requirements  
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Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters  
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Procedure  
11  
Engine Break-in Procedure  
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11.6.5  
Post-Test Procedures  
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5.2.2 API 1509.  
5.2.3 SAE Classification J304.  
5.2.4 SAE Classification J1423.
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications. Additionally, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured in kilogram per kilowatt hour.  
1.3 This test method is arranged as follows:    
Subject  
Section  
Introduction  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
General  
6.1  
Test Engine Configuration  
6.2  
Laboratory Ambient Conditions  
6.3  
Engine Speed and Torque Control  
6.4  
Dynamometer  
6.4.1  
Dynamometer Torque  
6.4.2  
Engine Cooling System  
6.5  
External Oil System  
6.6  
Fuel System  
6.7  
Fuel Flow Measurement  
6.7.2  
Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to the Fuel Flow Meter  
6.7.3  
Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to Engine Fuel Rail  
6.7.4  
Fuel Supply Pumps  
6.7.5  
Fuel Filtering  
6.7.6  
Engine Intake Air Supply  
6.8  
Intake Air Humidity  
6.8.1  
Intake Air Filtration  
6.8.2  
Intake Air Pressure Relief  
6.8.3  
Temperature Measurement  
6.9  
Thermocouple Location  
6.9.5  
AFR Determination  
6.10  
Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems  
6.11  
Exhaust Manifolds  
6.11.1  
Laboratory Exhaust System  
6.11.2  
Exhaust Back Pressure  
6.11.3  
Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations  
6.12  
Engine Oil  
6.12.2  
Fuel to Fuel Flow Meter  
6.12.3  
Fuel to Engine Fuel Rail  
6.12.4  
Exhaust Back Pressure  
6.12.5  
Intake Air  
6.12.6  
Intake Manifold Vacuum/Absolute Pressure  
6.12.7  
Coolant Flow Differential Pressure  
6.12.8  
Crankcase Pressure  
6.12.9  
Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus  
6.13  
Test Engine Configuration  
6.13.1  
ECU (Power Control Module)  
6.13.2  
Thermostat Block-Off Adapter Plate  
6.13.3  
Wiring Harness  
6.13.4  
Thermostat Block-Off Plate  
6.13.5  
Oil Filter Adapter Plate  
6.13.6  
Modified Throttle Body Assembly  
6.13.7  
Fuel Rail  
6.13.8  
Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation  
6.14  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Engine Oil  
7.1  
Test Fuel  
7.2  
Engine Coolant  
7.3  
Cleaning Materials...

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ASTM
ASTM D5770-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a semiquantitative estimate of the acid number of lubricating oils obtained from laboratory oxidation tests using smaller amounts of sample than Test Methods D974, D664, or D3339. It has specific application in Test Method D943 and in Test Method D4871. This test method, therefore, provides a means of monitoring the relative oxidation of lubricating oils by measuring changes in acid number, at different time intervals and under various oxidizing test conditions.  
5.2 Since this test method is semiquantitative, each laboratory shall develop its own criteria for each oxidation test method for determining when to switch from this semiquantitative test method to a more precise test method for acid number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a semiquantitative micro method intended for monitoring the changes in acidic constituents occurring in lubricating oils during oxidation testing, when the acid number of such oils falls within the range from 0.02 mg to 1.0 mg of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample. It is applicable to such oils as turbine oils, hydraulic oils, and other circulating oils.  
Note 1: This test method is a micro version of Test Method D974 and it produces results similar to that method.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use where sample size is limited. It shall not be used as a replacement for higher precision methods such as Test Methods D974 or D664. It shall not be used to monitor oils in-service.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4175-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7549-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assesses the performance of an engine oil with respect to control of piston deposits and maintenance of oil consumption under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate deposit formation in a turbocharged, intercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with a combustion system that minimizes federally controlled exhaust gas emissions.  
5.2 The results from this test method may be compared against specification requirements to ascertain acceptance.  
5.3 The design of the test engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, needs to be considered when comparing test results against specification requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty engine test procedure under high output conditions to evaluate engine oil performance with regard to piston deposit formation, piston ring sticking and oil consumption control in a combustion environment designed to minimize exhaust emissions. This test method is commonly referred to as the Caterpillar C13 Heavy-Duty Engine Oil Test.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there are no SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Treads (NPT), and tubing sizes.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8111-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIH, Spark-Ignition Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection against oil thickening and piston deposits during moderately high-speed, hightemperature service.  
5.1.1 The increase in kinematic viscosity of the oil indicates the tendency of an oil to thicken because of oxidation. In automotive service, such thickening can cause oil pump starvation and resultant catastrophic engine failures.  
5.1.2 The deposit ratings for an oil indicate the tendency for the formation of deposits throughout the engine, including those that can cause sticking of the piston rings in their grooves. In automotive service, such ring sticking can cause a loss of compression pressures in the engine.  
5.2 The test method was developed to correlate with oils of known good and poor protection against oil thickening and piston deposits. Specially formulated oils that produce less than desirable results with unleaded fuels were also used during the development of this test.  
5.3 The Sequence IIIH engine oil test has been recommended as a replacement for the Sequence IIIG test and is expected to be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:  
5.3.1 Specification D4485.  
5.3.2 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2104.  
5.3.3 SAE Classification J183.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening (as measured by kinematic viscosity increase), piston deposits, ring sticking, oil consumption, and phosphorus retention. Such oils include both single-viscosity and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines.  
1.1.1 Additionally, with nonmandatory supplemental requirements, a Sequence IIIHA Test (Mini Rotary Viscometer and Cold Cranking Simulator measurements), or a Sequence IIIHB Test (phosphorus retention measurement) can be conducted. These supplemental test procedures are contained in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2, respectively.
Note 1: Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions:  
1.2.1.1 Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing sizes, and valve sizes and springs.
1.2.1.2 The ring end gaps in Table A8.7, the dimensions for the blowby ventilation support bracket in Fig. A3.2, and the torque wrenches in Table A8.1 are in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 6.11.6, 7.1, 7.2.1, and 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8256-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in the Sequence VH Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate an automotive engine oil's control of engine deposits under operating conditions deliberately selected to accelerate deposit formation. This VH test method was correlated with the previous VG test method, which was correlated with field service data, determined from side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in police, taxi fleets, and delivery van services.  
5.2 This test method, along with other test methods are used to define an engine oils minimum performance level necessary to meet certification requirements for API Category Specifications as outlined in Specification D4485. This test method may also be incorporated in automobile manufacturers’ factory–fill specifications.  
5.3 The basic engine used in this test method is representative of many that are in modern automobiles. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, should be considered when interpreting test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Sequence VH test, and it has been correlated with the Sequence VG test. The Sequence VG test was previously correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation.3 It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SN, SN Plus performance category.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or specified single source equipment.  
1.3 A table of contents follows:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus (General Description)  
6  
Apparatus (The Test Engine)  
7  
Sequence VH Test Engine  
7.1  
Required New Engine Parts  
7.2  
Reusable Engine Parts  
7.3  
Specially Fabricated Engine Parts  
7.4  
Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment  
7.5  
Miscellaneous Engine Components—Preparation  
7.6  
Solvents and Cleaners Required  
7.7  
Assembling the Test Engine—Preparations  
7.8  
Assembling the Test Engine—Installations  
7.9  
Engine Installation on the Test Stand  
7.10  
Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems)  
8  
Intake Air  
8.1  
Fuel and Fuel System  
8.2  
Engine Oil and Engine Oil System  
8.3  
Coolants  
8.4  
Measurement Instrumentation  
9  
Temperatures  
9.1  
Pressures  
9.2  
Flow Rates  
9.3  
Fuel Consumption  
9.4  
Speed and Torque  
9.5  
Exhaust Gas  
9.6  
Humidity  
9.7  
Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment  
10  
Test Stand Calibration  
11  
Test Procedure  
12  
Pre-Test Procedure  
12.1  
Engine Operating Procedure  
12.2  
Periodic Measurements and Functions  
12.3  
Special Maintenance Procedures  
12.4  
Diagnostic Data Review  
12.5  
End of Test Procedure  
12.6  
Interpretation of Test Results  
13  
Parts Rating Area—Environment  
13.1  
Sludge Ratings  
13.2  
Varnish Ratings  
13.3  
Clogging  
13.4  
Sticking  
13.5  
Used Oil Analyses  
13.6  
Assessment of Test Validity  
14  
General  
14.1  
Used Oil Analyses—Interpretation  
14.2  
Blowby Flow Rate  
14.3  
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)  
14.4  
Fuel Consumption Rate  
14.5  
Oil Consumption  
14.6  
Engine Parts Replacement  
14.7  
Quality Index  
14.8  
Final Test Report  
15  
Report Forms  
15.1  
Precision and Bias  
16  
Keywords  
17  
ANNEXES  
ASTM TMC: Organization  
Annex A1  
ASTM TMC: Calibration Procedures  
Annex A2  
ASTM TMC: Maintenance Activities  
Annex A3  
ASTM TMC: Related Information  
Annex A4  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A5  
Control and Data Acquis...

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