ASTM C1045-07
(Practice)Standard Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State Conditions
Standard Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State Conditions
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the user with a uniform procedure for calculating the thermal transmission properties of a material or system from data generated by steady state, one dimensional test methods used to determine heat flux and surface temperatures. This practice is intended to eliminate the need for similar calculation sections in Test Methods C 177, C 335, C 518, C 1033, C 1114 and C 1363 and Practices C 1043 and C 1044 by permitting use of these standard calculation forms by reference.
1.2 The thermal transmission properties described include: thermal conductance, thermal resistance, apparent thermal conductivity, apparent thermal resistivity, surface conductance, surface resistance, and overall thermal resistance or transmittance.
1.3 This practice provides the method for developing the apparent thermal conductivity as a function of temperature relationship for a specimen from data generated by standard test methods at small or large temperature differences. This relationship can be used to characterize material for comparison to material specifications and for use in calculation programs such as Practice C 680.
1.4 The SI unit values used in this practice are considered standard.
1.5 This practice includes a discussion of the definitions and underlying assumptions for the calculation of thermal transmission properties. Tests to detect deviations from these assumptions are described. This practice also considers the complicating effects of uncertainties due to the measurement processes and material variability. See Section 7.
1.6 This practice is not intended to cover all possible aspects of thermal properties data base development. For new materials, the user should investigate the variations in thermal properties seen in similar materials. The information contained in Section 7, the Appendix and the technical papers listed in the References section of this practice may be helpful in determining whether the material under study has thermal properties that can be described by equations using this practice. Some examples where this method has limited application include: ( 1) the onset of convection in insulation as described in Reference (1); (2) a phase change of one of the insulation system components such as a blowing gas in foam; and (3) the influence of heat flow direction and temperature difference changes for reflective insulations.
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Designation: C1045 − 07
StandardPractice for
Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-
1
State Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1045; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope inSection7,theAppendixandthetechnicalpaperslistedinthe
Referencessectionofthispracticemaybehelpfulindetermin-
1.1 Thispracticeprovidestheuserwithauniformprocedure
ing whether the material under study has thermal properties
forcalculatingthethermaltransmissionpropertiesofamaterial
that can be described by equations using this practice. Some
orsystemfromdatageneratedbysteadystate,onedimensional
examples where this method has limited application include:
test methods used to determine heat flux and surface tempera-
(1) the onset of convection in insulation as described in
tures.Thispracticeisintendedtoeliminatetheneedforsimilar
Reference (1);(2) a phase change of one of the insulation
calculation sections in Test Methods C177, C335, C518,
system components such as a blowing gas in foam; and (3) the
C1033, C1114 and C1363 and Practices C1043 and C1044 by
influence of heat flow direction and temperature difference
permitting use of these standard calculation forms by refer-
changes for reflective insulations.
ence.
1.2 The thermal transmission properties described include:
2. Referenced Documents
thermal conductance, thermal resistance, apparent thermal
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
conductivity,apparentthermalresistivity,surfaceconductance,
C168Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
surface resistance, and overall thermal resistance or transmit-
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
tance.
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
1.3 This practice provides the method for developing the
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
apparent thermal conductivity as a function of temperature
C335TestMethodforSteady-StateHeatTransferProperties
relationship for a specimen from data generated by standard
of Pipe Insulation
test methods at small or large temperature differences. This
C518Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
relationship can be used to characterize material for compari-
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
son to material specifications and for use in calculation
C680Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the
programs such as Practice C680.
Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and
Spherical Systems by Use of Computer Programs
1.4 The SI unit values used in this practice are considered
C1033Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-
standard.
ties of Pipe Insulation Installed Vertically (Withdrawn
1.5 Thispracticeincludesadiscussionofthedefinitionsand
3
2003)
underlying assumptions for the calculation of thermal trans-
C1043Practice for Guarded-Hot-Plate Design Using Circu-
mission properties. Tests to detect deviations from these
lar Line-Heat Sources
assumptions are described. This practice also considers the
C1044Practice for Using a Guarded-Hot-PlateApparatus or
complicating effects of uncertainties due to the measurement
Thin-Heater Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
processes and material variability. See Section 7.
C1058Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating
1.6 Thispracticeisnotintendedtocoverallpossibleaspects
and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
of thermal properties data base development. For new
C1114Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
materials, the user should investigate the variations in thermal
Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
propertiesseeninsimilarmaterials.Theinformationcontained
C1199TestMethodforMeasuringtheSteady-StateThermal
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Measurement. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C1045–01. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/C1045-07. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1045 − 07
Transmittance of Fenestration Systems Using Hot Box
λ
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1045–01 Designation:C1045–07
Standard Practice for
Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-
1
State Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1045; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides the user with a uniform procedure for calculating the thermal transmission properties of a material
orsystemfromdatageneratedbysteadystate,onedimensionaltestmethodsusedtodetermineheatfluxandsurfacetemperatures.
ThispracticeisintendedtoeliminatetheneedforsimilarcalculationsectionsinTestMethodsC177,C335,C518,C976,C1033,
C1114 and C1363 and Practices C1043 and C1044 by permitting use of these standard calculation forms by reference.
1.2 The thermal transmission properties described include: thermal conductance, thermal resistance, apparent thermal
conductivity, apparent thermal resistivity, surface conductance, surface resistance, and overall thermal resistance or transmittance.
1.3 Thispracticeprovidesthemethodfordevelopingtheapparentthermalconductivityasafunctionoftemperaturerelationship
for a specimen from data generated by standard test methods at small or large temperature differences. This relationship can be
usedtocharacterizematerialforcomparisontomaterialspecificationsandforuseincalculationprogramssuchasPracticeC680.
1.4 The SI unit values used in this practice are considered standard.
1.5 Thispracticeincludesadiscussionofthedefinitionsandunderlyingassumptionsforthecalculationofthermaltransmission
properties. Tests to detect deviations from these assumptions are described. This practice also considers the complicating effects
of uncertainties due to the measurement processes and material variability. See Section 7.
1.6 This practice is not intended to cover all possible aspects of thermal properties data base development. For new materials,
the user should investigate the variations in thermal properties seen in similar materials. The information contained in Section 7,
theAppendix and the technical papers listed in the References section of this practice may be helpful in determining whether the
material under study has thermal properties that can be described by equations using this practice. Some examples where this
method has limited application include: ( 1) the onset of convection in insulation as described in Reference (211);(2) a phase
change of one of the insulation system components such as a blowing gas in foam; and (3) the influence of heat flow direction
and temperature difference changes for reflective insulations.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C168Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating Materials Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular Capillary
Columns in Gas Chromatographs
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the
2
Guarded-Hot-PlateApparatus Practice for Installing Fused Silica OpenTubular Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
2
C335TestMethodforSteady-StateHeatTransferPropertiesofHorizontalPipeInsulations PracticeforInstallingFusedSilica
Open Tubular Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
C518Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements andThermalTransmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow
2
Meter Apparatus Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
C680Practice for Determination of Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperature of Insulated Pipe and Equipment Surfaces
2
by the Use of a Computer Program
2
C976Test Method for Steady-StateThermal Performance of BuildingAssemblies by Means of a Calibrated Hot Box Practice
for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
2
C1033Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties of Pipe Insulation Installed Vertically Practice for Installing
Fused Silica Open Tubular Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal
Measurements.
Current edition approved March 10, 2001. Published June 2001. Originally published as C1045–85. Last previous edition C1045–97.
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC16onThermalInsulationandisthedirectresponsibilityofSu
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