ASTM F2812-12(2018)

• Abstract:

  ABSTRACT; This specification covers eye protectors, exclusive of helmet-mounted visors, designed for use by riders of motorcycles, mopeds, and snowmobiles for off road use that minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa as a result of impact and penetration by objects that may be kicked up from the road, track, trail, or snow surfaces and made airborne and, as such, likely to cause eye discomfort or injury. This specification does not address shield-type eye protectors such as are connected to, integral to, and/or supported by protective helmets. Protective eyewear offers protection only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of the head, face, or neck. Protectors are divided into two types, goggles or spectacles, depending on their design characteristics. This specification does not apply to prescription eyewear. It covers material classification, general requirements (materials of construction, cleanability, Construction, and finish and coatings), performance requirements, specimen preparation, test methods (optical tests, mechanical tests), cleaning, and product marking.; SCOPE; 1.1 This specification covers eye protectors, exclusive of helmet-mounted visors, designed for use by riders of motorcycles, mopeds, and snowmobiles for off road use that minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa as a result of impact and penetration by objects that may be kicked up from the road, track, trail, or snow surfaces and made airborne and, as such, likely to cause eye discomfort or injury. This specification does not address shield-type eye protectors such as are connected to, integral to, and/or supported by protective helmets. Protective eyewear offers protection only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of the head, face, or neck. ; 1.2 Protectors are divided into two types, goggles or spectacles, depending on their design characteristics. ; 1.3 This specification does not apply to prescription eyewear. (Warning—Impact-resistant prescription spectacles that conform to the standard specifications of ANSI Z87.1 should be used if spectacles are to be worn under goggle-type eyewear as covered by this specification.) ; 1.4 In this specification, the use of the word “shall” indicates a mandatory requirement. The word “should” indicates a recommendation. ; 1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Metric units of measure in this specification are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a value for measurement as given in this specification is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be regarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value may be approximate. ; 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ; 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2018
• ICS: 13.340.20 - Head protective equipment
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.57 - Eye Safety for Sports

• Replaces: ASTM F2812-12 - Standard Specification for Goggle- and Spectacle-Type Eye Protectors for Selected Motor Sports
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2018
• Refers: ASTM D1003-11 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Refers: ASTM D1003-11e1 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Refers: ASTM D1003-07 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Refers: ASTM D1003-00 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000

Overview

ASTM F2812-12(2018) is the standard specification for goggle- and spectacle-type eye protectors used in selected motor sports. Developed by ASTM International, this standard addresses the requirements for non-helmet-mounted eye protection for riders of motorcycles, mopeds, and snowmobiles, specifically for off-road environments. The primary purpose is to minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eyes caused by the impact or penetration of objects made airborne from the surface during riding.

This specification classifies protectors as either goggles or spectacles, based on their design, and outlines standards for materials, construction, performance, cleanability, testing methods, and product marking. It is important to note that prescription eyewear and helmet shield-type protectors are outside this standard's scope.

Key Topics

• Product Types Covered:
  • Goggle-type eye protectors (forms a seal with the face)
  • Spectacle-type eye protectors (does not form a tight seal with the face)
• Performance Requirements:
  • Impact resistance (tested under various temperatures and velocities)
  • Mechanical durability against separation, dislodgment, and delamination
  • Optical criteria including haze, prismatic imbalance, and refractive power
  • Ultraviolet (UV) transmittance compliance and stability
  • Flammability resistance to ensure safety in diverse environments
• Materials and Construction:
  • Non-irritating materials for facial contact
  • Resistance to changes in hardness, flexibility, or strength due to perspiration and oils
  • Headbands must be secure and adjustable
• Testing and Quality Assurance:
  • Comprehensive procedures for optical and mechanical testing
  • Requirements for cleaning, surface finish, and labeling
• Marking and Information:
  • Permanent markings for manufacturer and model identification
  • Instructions and warnings regarding use, cleaning, and replacement

Applications

The ASTM F2812-12(2018) standard is utilized by manufacturers, testing labs, and regulatory bodies to ensure that eye protectors for off-road motor sports meet the highest quality and safety criteria. Typical use cases include:

• Off-Road Motorcycling and Motocross: Protects eyes from debris and airborne particulates on tracks, trails, or rural terrains.
• Snowmobiling: Shields the rider’s eyes from impacts due to ice, snow, and hard particles encountered in snowy environments.
• Moped and Powersport Activities: Provides critical defense against road debris that may be kicked up during group or solo rides.

Following this standard assures end-users that the eye protectors are rigorously tested for impact resistance, optical quality, and durability-while also maintaining comfort and usability in harsh and variable conditions. Compliance with ASTM F2812-12(2018) reduces liability and promotes consumer confidence in safety equipment used in recreational and competitive motor sports.

Related Standards

Key standards referenced and related to ASTM F2812-12(2018) include:

• ANSI Z87.1 – Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection Devices (for prescription eyewear and workplace hazards)
• ANSI Z80.3 – Ophthalmics: Nonprescription Sunglasses and Fashion Eyewear Requirements (for optical quality and UV transmittance)
• EN 168 – Personal Eye Protection: Non-Optical Test Methods (for test head forms and non-optical requirements)
• ASTM D1003 – Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics

By adhering to these standards, manufacturers and end-users ensure eye protectors are effective and reliable, providing essential protection for sporting and recreational motor sports activities.

Keywords: ASTM F2812, goggle-type eye protectors, spectacle-type eye protectors, motor sports safety, impact resistance, off-road eye protection, snowmobile eyewear, motorcycle goggles, ASTM standards, eye injury prevention.

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2812 −12 (Reapproved 2018) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Goggle- and Spectacle-Type Eye Protectors for Selected
Motor Sports
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2812; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This specification covers eye protectors, exclusive of
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
helmet-mounted visors, designed for use by riders of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
motorcycles, mopeds, and snowmobiles for off road use that
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
as a result of impact and penetration by objects that may be
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
kicked up from the road, track, trail, or snow surfaces and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
made airborne and, as such, likely to cause eye discomfort or
injury. This specification does not address shield-type eye
2. Referenced Documents
protectors such as are connected to, integral to, and/or sup-
portedbyprotectivehelmets.Protectiveeyewearoffersprotec-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of the
D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
head, face, or neck.
of Transparent Plastics
1.2 Protectors are divided into two types, goggles or
2.2 ANSI Standards:
spectacles, depending on their design characteristics.
ANSI Z80.3Ophthalmics—Nonprescription Sunglasses and
Fashion Eyewear—Requirements
1.3 This specification does not apply to prescription eye-
ANSI Z87.1Occupational and Educational Eye and Face
wear. (Warning—Impact-resistant prescription spectacles that
Protection Devices
conform to the standard specifications of ANSI Z87.1 should
beusedifspectaclesaretobewornundergoggle-typeeyewear
2.3 CEN Standard:
as covered by this specification.)
EN 168Personal Eye Protection—Non-Optical Test Meth-
ods
1.4 In this specification, the use of the word “shall” indi-
cates a mandatory requirement. The word “should” indicates a
3. Terminology
recommendation.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for 3.1.1 astigmatism, n—condition in a lens that creates two
information only. Metric units of measure in this specification axially separated line foci of each object point, the lines being
are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). mutually perpendicular.
If a value for measurement as given in this specification is
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In other words, the lens has two differ-
followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated
ent refractive powers in meridians that are 90° apart.
is to be regarded as the requirement.Agiven equivalent value
3.1.2 base-down, adv—refers to the type of prism that
may be approximate.
causesahorizontalbeamoflighttobenddowncausingobjects
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to appear higher than their true position.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of the ASTM website.
Subcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2812–12. DOI: Available from the European Committee for Standardization, Avenue Marnix
10.1520/F2812-12R18. 17, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2812 − 12 (2018)
3.1.3 base-in, adv—relating to the type of prism imbalance the spectral intensity of standard Illuminant C (see ANSI
that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a Z80.3, Paragraph 3.9.1).
protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to con-
3.1.19 normal lines of sight, n—straight ahead horizontal
verge.
linesthatintersectthecenteroftheeyesoftheappropriatehead
form.
3.1.4 base-out, adv—relatingtothetypeofprismimbalance
that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a
3.1.20 penetration resistance, n—ability of a device to
protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to di-
afford protection from moving objects as required by this
verge.
specification.
3.1.5 base-up, adv—refers to the type of prism that causes a
3.1.21 power imbalance, n—relates to the condition in
horizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects to
which the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protector
appear lower than their true position.
is different as presented to the two eyes.
3.1.6 binocular, adv—relating to the field of view that is
3.1.22 prism, prismatic effect, n—prism bends a beam of
shared by both eyes simultaneously; also, any simultaneous
lightasaresultofthelackofparallelismofthetwosurfacesof
activity of the two eyes.
a lens through which the beam of light traverses and the
amount of bending is a function of the curvatures, thickness,
3.1.7 central viewing zone, n—that part of the eye of a
indexofrefractionofthematerial,andtheangleofapproachof
protector that has its center in line with the wearer’s normal
the line of sight to the optical surface.
line of sight.
3.1.22.1 Discussion—In this specification, the word prism
3.1.7.1 Discussion—The zone is circular and 40 mm in
refers to the amount of bending that is imposed upon the line
diameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall be the
ofsightofawearerofaneyeprotectorforthestandardviewing
point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens as
position. Prism is expressed in diopters. The deviation of the
mounted on the EN head form per the current EN 168.
line of sight by 1 cm/m is 1 prism diopter.
3.1.8 cleanable, adv—ability of an EPD to be made readily
3.1.23 refractive power, n—focusing effect of a lens ex-
free of dirt or grime without being damaged with a cleaning
pressed in diopters.
process, such as the use of soap and water.
3.1.24 spherical power, n—averageofthemaximummeridi-
3.1.9 coverage, n—characteristicofaneyeprotectivedevice
onal astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmatic
(EPD)thatobstructsstraightlinepathsthatarecoincidentwith
power of a lens.
the wearer’s eyes.
3.1.25 test head form, n—for the purpose of this
3.1.10 eye, n—relatingtotheeyeofatestheadform,theeye
specification, the reference head forms shall be to EN 168.
ofapersonwearingaprotector,orthatpartofanEPDthrough
3.1.25.1 Discussion—The two head forms are medium size,
which a wearer’s eye would normally look.
which approximates a 50th percentile adult male, and small
3.1.11 eye of the head form, n—all structures contained
size, which approximates a 60th percentile 12-year-old child,
within the orbital rim of the head form.
and both should be of the polyurethane-covered version.
3.1.12 eye protective device (or protector), n—device that
3.1.26 vertical imbalance, n—difference in prismatic devia-
providesprotectiontothewearer’seyeagainstspecifichazards
tionbetweenparallellightbeamsincidentonthetwoeyesofan
encountered in selected motor sports.
EPD in the vertical meridian.
3.1.13 fracture, n—separation, as a result of impact, of a
4. Classification
lens or frame into two or more separate pieces.
3.1.14 haze, n—fraction of the total transmitted light from a 4.1 Eye protectors as covered under this specification are
classified into the following types:
normal incident beam that is not transmitted in a focused
condition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects. 4.1.1 Spectacle—A protector with a lens or lenses, sup-
ported by frame temples or straps or both, that does not form
3.1.14.1 Discussion—Excessive haze will reduce contrast
a tight seal with the face over most of the perimeter of the
and visibility.
protector.
3.1.15 horizontal imbalance, n—difference in the prismatic
4.1.2 Goggle—A protector with a lens or lenses, supported
deviationofincidentparallellightbeamsonthetwoeyesofan
by frame temples or straps or both, that forms a seal with the
EPD in the horizontal meridian (see base-in and base-out).
face over most of the perimeter of the protector.
3.1.16 impact resistance, n—ability of an EPD to afford
protection from impact as required by this specification.
5. General Requirements
3.1.17 lens, n—transparent part or parts of a EPD through
5.1 Materials of Construction:
which the wearer normally looks through.
5.1.1 The manufacturer’s choice of material shall be in
3.1.18 luminous transmittance, n—luminous transmittance accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.
is a function of the spectral transmittance of the lens weighted 5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face
by the corresponding ordinates of the photopic luminous shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.
efficiency distribution of the International Commission on 5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face
Illumination (CIE) current standard colorimetric observer and shall not undergo significant change of hardness, loss of
F2812 − 12 (2018)
strength or flexibility, or other physical changes as a result of delaminations, rupture, or complete fracture of the frame or
perspiration, oil, sunscreen lotion, or grease from the wearer’s lensesconstitutesafailure.Nocontactwiththeeyeofthehead
skin and hair. form shall be permitted by the test projectile, the protector, or
5.1.4 Headbands shall be capable of holding the goggle its component parts as a result of the impact.
securely under normal operating conditions and be capable of (2)Whentestedinaccordancewith9.1,at70m/s(230ft/s)
easy adjustment. at standard temperatures, displaced fragments, separated
delaminations, rupture, or complete fracture of the frame or
5.2 Cleanability—EPDsshallbecapableofbeingcleanedto
lensesconstitutesafailure.Nocontactwiththeeyeofthehead
the degree that, when cleaned in accordance with the method
form shall be permitted by the test projectile, the protector, or
described in Section 10, they shall remain functional in all
its component parts as a result of the impact.
ways.
(3)When tested in accordance with 9.1.1, any displace-
5.3 Construction—The protector shall be constructed in
ment or dislodgment of the lens from its original position
such a manner as to prevent components of the protector from
within the frame of over 25 % constitutes failure.
contact with the eyes of the head form, detachment, or
(4)A protector that is dislodged from the test head form
dislodgment when tested in accordance with Section 9.
when tested in accordance with 9.1.1 shall not constitute a
failure provided all of the above mechanical requirements are
5.4 Finish and Coatings—Finishes and coatings as used on
the protector shall not delaminate from the base surface of the met.
6.2.1.2 High-Mass Impact Resistance:
protector such that they dislodge, detach, or delaminate when
tested in accordance with Section 9. (1) When tested in accordance with 9.2, displaced
fragments,separateddelaminations,orcompletefractureofthe
frameorlensesconstitutesafailure.Contactwiththeeyeofthe
6. Performance Requirements
head form is permitted.
6.1 Optical Requirements:
(2)When tested in accordance with 9.2, any displacement
6.1.1 Refractive Tolerances—When tested in accordance
or dislodgment of the lens greater than 25 % from its original
with 8.7, the refractive power in any meridian shall not exceed
position within the frame constitutes failure.
0.12 diopters.
(3)A protector that is dislodged from the test head form
6.1.2 Astigmatic Power—When tested in accordance with
whentestedinaccordancewith9.2shallnotconstituteafailure
8.7, the astigmatic power (absolute power difference in ex-
provided all of the above mechanical requirements are met.
treme meridians) shall not exceed 0.12 diopters.
6.3 UV Stability—Protectors (one group) shall be condi-
6.1.3 Power Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
tioned in accord with 9.4. Conditioned samples shall be tested
8.7, the power imbalances in corresponding meridians of
for optical and mechanical performance characteristics in
extreme power shall not exceed 0.12 diopters between each
accordance with 6.1.5 and 6.1.6 within 1.0 h of leaving the
eye.
6.1.4 Prismatic Power—When tested in accord with 8.6, conditioning atmosphere.
prismatic power shall not exceed 0.50 ∆.
6.4 Flammability—When tested in accord with 9.3, the
6.1.5 Prismatic Imbalance—When tested in accord with
protector shall not ignite.
8.6, prismatic imbalance shall not exceed 0.25-∆ base-in or
vertical and 0.75-∆ base-out.
7. Specimen Preparation
6.1.6 Ultraviolet Transmittance—Ultraviolet A (UVA) and
7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered for
ultraviolet B (UVB) transmittance of lenses shall comply with
sale shall be tested.
ANSI Z80.3 for both clear and non clear protectors when
measured at any point within the central viewing zone. 7.2 Preconditioning—Protectors shall be preconditioned at
6.1.7 Haze—When tested in accordance with 8.3, forward 23 6 2°C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for a minimum
scattered light (haze) shall not exceed 3 % for both clear and period of 48 h before the commencement of any test or further
tintedprotectorswhenmeasuredatanypointwithinthecentral temperature preconditioning.
viewing zone.
7.3 Conditioning—Protectors shall be conditioned for a
6.1.8 Optical Quality—When tested in accordance with 8.2,
minimum of 1 h (each group of 16) at the following specified
striaewarpage,surfaceripples,lenticulations,orabruptoptical
temperatures before each test. Protectors shall be tested for
changes that are discernible under the test conditions of 8.2.1
mechanical performance characteristics within 1 min of leav-
shall constitute a failure.
ing the test atmosphere.
6.1.9 Surface and Internal Defects—Pits,
...