ASTM D5748-95(2001)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Protrusion Puncture Resistance of Stretch Wrap Film
Standard Test Method for Protrusion Puncture Resistance of Stretch Wrap Film
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of a stretch wrap film to the penetration of a probe at a standard low rate, a single test velocity. Performed at standard conditions, the test method imparts a biaxial stress that is representative of the type of stress encountered in many product end-use applications. The maximum force, force at break, penetration distance, and energy to break are determined.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D5748–95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Protrusion Puncture Resistance of Stretch Wrap Film
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5748; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.3 maximum force—greatest force achieved.
3.2.4 penetration distance—depth probe traveled in pen-
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of a stretch
etrating film specimen, from initial probe contact with film
wrap film to the penetration of a probe at a standard low rate,
specimen, to penetration at break.
asingletestvelocity.Performedatstandardconditions,thetest
3.2.5 protrusion puncture resistance—theabilityofaplastic
methodimpartsabiaxialstressthatisrepresentativeofthetype
film to withstand the force exerted by a protrusion.
of stress encountered in many product end-use applications.
3.2.6 thickness (caliper, gage)—the perpendicular distance
The maximum force, force at break, penetration distance, and
between the opposite surfaces of a plastic film.
energy to break are determined.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Puncture resistance is very important in end-use perfor-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mance of stretch wrap film used in consumer and industrial
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
product applications. Puncture resistance is a measure of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
energy-absorbing ability of a stretch wrap film in resisting a
2. Referenced Documents protrusion. The test method is designed to provide the user
with a means of measuring the stretch wrap film’s puncture
2.1 ASTM Standards:
resistance performance under essentially biaxial deformation
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
conditions. A biaxial stress is representative of the type of
D996 TerminologyofPackagingandDistributionEnviron-
stress encountered by stretch wrap products in many end-use
ments
applications.
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
4.2 Although this test method cannot be expected to dupli-
D2103 Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting
cate all field experiences, since the rate of speed, weight, and
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
configuration of such destructive forces vary widely, a gener-
With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for a
allyreliablecomparisonofsamplesmaybemadefromthedata
Characteristic of a Lot or Process
obtained.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5. Apparatus
3. Terminology 5.1 Universal Testing Apparatus.
5.2 Integrator and Chart Recorder.
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for packaging and dis-
5.3 Appropriate Load Cell—The test may be performed
tributions environments are found in Terminology D996.
using compression or tension load cell.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.4 Probe—A0.75 in. (19 mm) diameter pear-shaped TFE-
3.2.1 break force—force achieved at break.
fluorocarboncoatedprobe (Fig.1),forgeneralapplicationand
3.2.2 energy—work to break.
standard comparison of plastic films and interlaboratory re-
sults.
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD10onPackagingand
5.5 Specimen Clamping Fixture (Fig. 2).
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizing and Unitizing of
5.6 Micrometre, conforming to Specification D2103.
Loads.
5.7 Template, 6 by 6 in. (150 by 150 mm).
Current edition approved July 15, 1995. Published September 1995.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. The probe is coated with duPont 954-101 Teflon S a thickness of 0.0015 in.
Withdrawn. (0.0381 mm). Available from duPont.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5748–95 (2001)
NOTE 1—Measurements are in inches (millimetres).
FIG. 1 Probe
5.8 Specimen Cutter.
6. Sampling
6.1 Acceptance Sampling—Samplingshallbeinaccordance
with Practice D1898.
6.2 Sampling for Other Purposes—The sampling and the
numberoftestspecimensdependonthepurposeofthetesting.
PracticeE122isrecommended.Testspecimensaretakenfrom
several rolls of film, and where possible, from several produc-
tion runs of film. Strong conclusions about a specific property
of a film cannot be based on a single roll of film.
NOTE 1—Measurements are in inches (millimetres).
7. Number of Test Specimens
FIG. 2 Clamp
7.1 Test a minimum of five specimens for each sample.
10.2 Select an equipment load range so that specimen
8. Preparation of Apparatus
puncture occurs within 20 to 80% of the same.
8.1 For specific instruction in setting up and operating the
10.3 Using the template and specimen cutter, prepare a
apparatus, consult the operations manual.
minimum of five specimens from each sample.
8.2 Install probe apparatus (Fig. 2).
10.4 Measure the caliper (average of three readings) in the
8.3 Center the probe (Fig. 1) over the specimen clamping
center of each specimen and record the average.
fixture (Fig. 2).
10.5 Set universal tester crosshead speed at 10 in./min (250
mm/min)andchartrecorderspeedat10in./min(250mm/min).
9. Conditioning
If using an integrator instead of a data acquisition system, set
9.1 Condition the test specimens at 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6
the counters to zero.
2°C) and 50 6 5% relative humidity for not less than 40 h
10.6 Clamp the specimen in the holder. Lower the probe as
prior to testing in accordance with Procedure A of Practice
close as possible to the specimen without actually touching.
D618.
10.7 Set the appropriate stops and returns on the universal
9.2 Conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of
tester. Reset data collection devices if applicable.
23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5% relative humidity
10.8 Activate the universal tester. Stop the crosshead when
unless otherwise specified in the test method.
the puncture probe passes completely through the film. Where
holes occur other than at the probe p
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