ASTM E145-94e1

Standard Specification for Gravity-Convection And Forced-Ventilation Ovens

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for general-purpose air ovens ordinarily used in testing operations, which have a testing chamber up to 0.6 m3  (25 ft3) in volume. It is applicable to gravity-convection ovens designed to operate over all or part of the temperature range from 20°C above ambient temperature to 200°C and to forced-ventilation ovens designed to operate over all or part of the temperature range from 20°C above ambient temperature to 500°C.
Note 1—Ovens are designed for maximum operating temperatures of about 200°C, 300°C, and 500°C, the thermal insulation and cost of the oven being dependent on the maximum temperature required.
1.2 This specification does not include safety requirements that are essential for ovens used in the presence of combustible vapors or gases.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Aug-1994
• Technical Committee: E41 - Laboratory Apparatus
• Drafting Committee: E41.01 - Laboratory Ware and Supplies

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E145-94(2001) - Standard Specification for Gravity-Convection And Forced-Ventilation Ovens
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM D1140-17 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Amount of Material Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Soils by Washing
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM D559/D559M-15 - Standard Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM D2067-97(2020) - Standard Test Method for Coarse Particles in Printing Ink Dispersions
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM C771-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Weight Loss After Heat Aging of Preformed Tape Sealants
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM D7444-18a - Standard Practice for Heat and Humidity Aging of Oxidatively Degradable Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM D2232-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaporating Residue of Naphthalene
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM D6532-00(2022) - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Effect of Clear Water Repellent Treatments on Water Absorption of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Specimens
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM D350-21 - Standard Test Methods for Flexible Treated Sleeving Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM D3769-20 - Standard Test Method for Microcellular Urethanes—High-Temperature Sag
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM D5312/D5312M-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under Freezing and Thawing Conditions
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM D2369-20 - Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM D5427-09(2019) - Standard Practice for Accelerated Aging of Inflatable Restraint Fabrics
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM D6475-17 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Erosion Control Blankets
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994
• Referred By: ASTM D5403-93(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Volatile Content of Radiation Curable Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-1994

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: E 145 – 94
Standard Specification for
Gravity-Convection And Forced-Ventilation Ovens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 145; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Section 7 on Keywords was added editorially March 1995.
1. Scope 3. Performance Requirements
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements 3.1 The temperature within the testing chamber shall be
for general-purpose air ovens ordinarily used in testing opera- controllable by an automatic device, and shall be uniform
3 3
tions, which have a testing chamber up to 0.6 m (25 ft)in within the tolerances given in Table 1 for the particular type of
volume. It is applicable to gravity-convection ovens designed oven when tested in accordance with Section 4.
to operate over all or part of the temperature range from 20°C 3.2 The“timeconstant”isanarbitrarymeasureoftherateat
above ambient temperature to 200°C and to forced-ventilation which a standard specimen is heated following the procedure
ovens designed to operate over all or part of the temperature prescribedinSection5.Thevalueofthetimeconstantshallnot
range from 20°C above ambient temperature to 500°C. exceed the maximum value given in Table 1 for the particular
type of oven.
NOTE 1—Ovens are designed for maximum operating temperatures of
3.3 The rate of ventilation of the testing chamber shall
about 200°C, 300°C, and 500°C, the thermal insulation and cost of the
conform to the requirements specified in Table 1 for the
oven being dependent on the maximum temperature required.
particular type of oven when measured in accordance with the
1.2 This specification does not include safety requirements
procedure given in Section 6.
that are essential for ovens used in the presence of combustible
vapors or gases.
TEST METHODS
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4. Temperature Uniformity
as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units
may be approximate.
4.1 Placeninecalibratedthermocouples(Note2)madefrom
iron or copper-constantan wire, approximately 0.5 mm in
2. Types
diameter (No. 24 gage) and having a junction size of not more
2.1 This specification covers the following four types of air
than 2 mm (0.08 in.), in the empty testing chamber with
ovens:
shelves in place and vents open. Locate one thermocouple in
2.1.1 Type IA—An oven ventilated by gravity convection
eachoftheeightcornersoftheovenapproximately5cm(2in.)
having a uniformity of temperature within 62 % of the
from each wall and place the ninth thermocouple within 2.5 cm
differential between oven and ambient temperatures.
(1 in.) of the geometric center of the chamber. A minimum
2.1.2 Type IB—An oven ventilated by gravity convection
length of 30 cm (12 in.) of lead wire for each thermocouple
having a uniformity of temperature within 65 % of the
shall be inside the oven to minimize the conduction of heat
differential between oven and ambient temperatures.
from the thermocouple.
2.1.3 Type IIA—An oven having forced ventilation and a
NOTE 2—If calibrated thermocouples are not available, nine thermo-
uniformity of temperature within 61 % of the differential
couplesmadefromthesamespoolofwiremaybeusedprovidedtheygive
between oven and ambient temperatures.
the same value for temperature when placed adjacent to one another in the
2.1.4 Type IIB—An oven having forced ventilation and a
testing chamber at the temperature of test.
uniformity of temperature within 62.5 % of the differential
4.2 Bring the oven to the specified temperature and allow it
between oven and ambient temperatures.
to reach a steady state (Note 3). Record the temperatures of the
nine thermocouples for a period of at least 24 h, and determine
from the record the maximum deviation of each point from the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-41 on
Laboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E 41.02 on
desiredtemperatures.Theambientroomtemperatureshallvary
Metalware.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1994. Published October 1994. Originally
published as E 145 – 59 T. Last previous edition E 145 – 68 (1992).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
E145–94
TABLE 1 Performance Requirements for Ovens
Characteristic Type IA Type IB Type IIA Type IIB
Deviation from specified temperature of test throughout testing chamber during
24-h period for the following differentials between ambient and test temperatures:
50°C or less, max, °C 1 2.5 0.5 1.25
More than 50°C, max, percent of differential 2 5 1 2.5
Time constant, max, s 600 720 4
...