ASTM D6975-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cummins M11 EGR Test
Standard Test Method for Cummins M11 EGR Test
SCOPE
1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty diesel engine test procedure conducted under high soot conditions to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve train wear, power cylinder wear, sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging in an EGR environment. This test method is commonly referred to as the Cummins M11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Test (EGR).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 6975 – 03
Standard Test Method for
Cummins M11 EGR Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
External Oil System 6.2.9
Crankcase Aspiration 6.2.10
1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty diesel engine test
Blowby Rate 6.2.11
procedure conducted under high soot conditions to evaluate oil System Time Responses 6.3
Oil Sample Containers 6.4
performance with regard to valve train wear, power cylinder
Mass Balance 6.5
wear, sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging in an EGR
Engine and Cleaning Fluids 7
environment. This test method is commonly referred to as the
Test Oil 7.1
Test Fuel 7.2
Cummins M11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Test (EGR).
Engine Coolant 7.3
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Solvent 7.4
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Preparation of Apparatus 8
Cleaning of Parts 8.1
only.
General 8.1.1
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Engine Block 8.1.2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Cylinder Head 8.1.3
Rocker Cover and Oil Pan 8.1.4
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
External Oil System 8.1.5
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Crosshead Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.6
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for Rod Bearing Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.7
Ring Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.8
general safety precautions.
Injector Adjusting Screw Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.9
1.4 Table of Contents:
Engine Assembly 8.2
General 8.2.1
Scope 1
Parts Reuse and Replacement 8.2.2
Referenced Documents 2
Build-Up Oil 8.2.3
Terminology 3
Coolant Thermostat 8.2.4
Summary of Test Method 4
Oil Thermostat 8.2.5
Significance and Use 5
Fuel Injectors 8.2.6
Apparatus 6
New Parts 8.2.7
Test Engine Configuration 6.1
Operational Measurements 8.3
Test Engine 6.1.1
Units and Formats 8.3.1
Oil Heat Exchanger, Adapter Blocks, and 6.1.2
Instrumentation Calibration 8.3.2
Block Off Plate
Temperatures 8.3.3
Oil Filter Head Modification 6.1.3
Pressures 8.3.4
Oil Pan Modification 6.1.4
Flow Rates 8.3.5
Engine Control Module 6.1.5
Intake and Exhaust CO Measurement 8.3.6
Engine Position Sensor 6.1.6 2
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests 9
Air Compressor and Fuel Pump 6.1.7
General 9.1
Test Stand Configuration 6.2
New Test Stand 9.2
Engine Mounting 6.2.1
New Test Stand Calibration 9.2.1
Intake Air System 6.2.2
Stand Calibration Period 9.3
Aftercooler 6.2.3
Stand Modification and Calibration Status 9.4
Exhaust System 6.2.4
Test Numbering System 9.5
Exhaust Gas Recirculation System 6.2.5
General 9.5.1
Fuel Supply 6.2.6
Reference Oil Tests 9.5.2
Coolant System 6.2.7
Non-Reference Oil Tests 9.5.3
Pressurized Oil Fill System 6.2.8
Reference Oil Test Acceptance 9.6
Unacceptable Reference Oil Test 9.7
Reference Oil Accountability 9.8
Non-Reference Oil Tests 9.9
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Last Start Date 9.9.2
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Test Procedure 10
Engine Installation and Stand Connections 10.1
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Coolant System Fill 10.2
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published January 2004.
Oil Fill for Break-in 10.3
TheASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by
Engine Build Committed 10.3.3
means of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from theASTM
Fuel Samples 10.4
Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention:
Engine Warm-up 10.5
Administrator.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6975–03
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
Shutdown During Warm-up 10.5.1
Engine Break-in 10.6
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
Shutdown and Maintenance 10.7
Petroleum Products
Normal Shutdown 10.7.1
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
Emergency Shutdown 10.7.2
Maintenance 10.7.3
D 664 TestMethodforAcidNumberofPetroleumProducts
Downtime 10.7.4
by Potentiometric Titration
300-h Test Procedure 10.8
D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
Oil Fill for Test 10.8.2
Operating Conditions 10.8.4
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Absorption
Injection Timing Change 10.8.5
D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
Mass % Soot Validity 10.8.6
Test Timer 10.8.7 Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
Operational Data Acquisition 10.8.8
D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
Oil Purge, Sample and Addition 10.8.9
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
End of Test (EOT) 10.9
Engine Disassembly 10.9.4 X-ray Spectrometry
Calculations, Ratings and Test Validity 11
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
Crosshead Mass Loss 11.1
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
Injector Adjusting Screw Mass Loss 11.2
D 2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Prod-
Rod Bearing Mass Loss 11.3
Ring Mass Loss 11.4
ucts by Potentionmetric Perchloric Acid Titration
Sludge Ratings 11.5
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
Piston Ratings 11.6
Oil Filter Plugging 11.7 Liquids by Digital Density Meter
Oil Analyses 11.8
D 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
Oil Consumption 11.9
D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
Fuel Analyses 11.10
Assessment of Operational Validity 11.11 Variable Equation
Assessment of Test Interpretability 11.12
D 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by
Test Report 12
Potentiometric Titration
Precision and Bias 13
Keywords 14
D 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
Annexes
ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-
Safety Precautions Annex A1
ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base
Intake Air Aftercooler Annex A2
Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3 Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware Annex A4
Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
External Oil System Annex A5
D 5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Fuel Specification Annex A6
Cummins Service Publications Annex A7
Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a
Specified Units and Formats Annex A8
Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with
Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A9
Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light
Sludge Rating Worksheets Annex A10
Piston Rating Locations Annex A11
Duty Conditions
Oil Analyses Annex A12
D 5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Oil Filter Plugging Annex A13
Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)
Determination of Operational Validity Annex A14
Exhaust CO Sampling Probe Annex A15
D 5967 TestMethodforEvaluationofDieselEngineOilsin
Appendix
T-8 Diesel Engine
Typical System Configurations Appendix X1
D 6483 TestMethodforEvaluationofDieselEngineOilsin
T-9 Diesel Engine
2. Referenced Documents
D 6557 Test Method for Evaluation of Rust Preventive
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Characteristics of Automotive Engine Oils
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Determine Conformance with Specifications
Open Cup
E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry in Hydro-
D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
mometry
D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
2.2 Coordinating Research Council (CRC):
D 130 TestMethodforDetectionofCopperCorrosionfrom
CRC Manual No. 20
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
2.3 National Archives and Records Administration:
D 287 TestMethodforAPIGravityofCrudePetroleumand
Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Part 86.310-79
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
3. Terminology
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
3.1 Definitions:
Viscosity)
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from the Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 219 Perimeter
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Parkway, Atlanta, GA 30346.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Superintendent of Documents, Attn: New Orders, P.O. Box
the ASTM website. 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954.
D6975–03
3.1.1 blind reference oil, n—a reference oil, the identity of 3.2.6 valve train, n—in internal combustion engines, the
which is unknown by the test facility. D 5844 series of components, such as valves, crossheads, rocker arms,
push rods, and camshaft, that open and close the intake and
3.1.2 blowby, n—in internal combustion engines, the com-
exhaust valves.
bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enter
the crankcase. D 5302
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1.3 calibrate, v—to determine the indication or output of
4.1 This test method uses a Cummins M11 400 diesel
a measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E 344
engine with a specially modified engine block. Test operation
3.1.4 heavy-duty, adj—in internal combustion engine op-
includes a 25-min warm-up, a 2-h break-in, and 300 h in six
eration, characterized by average speeds, power output, and
50-h stages. During stagesA, C, and E, the engine is operated
internal temperatures that are close to the potential maximum.
with retarded fuel injection timing and is overfueled to
D 4485
generate excess soot. During stages B, D, and F, the engine is
3.1.5 heavy-duty engine, adj—in internal combustion en-
operated at conditions to induce valve train wear.
gines, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at
4.2 Prior to each test, the engine is cleaned and assembled
or close to its peak output. D 4485
with new cylinder liners, pistons, piston rings, and overhead
3.1.6 non-reference oil, n—any oil other than a reference
valve train components. All aspects of the assembly are
oil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-
specified.
date oil. D 5844
4.3 A forced oil drain, an oil sample, and an oil addition,
3.1.7 non-standard test, n—a test that is not conducted in
equivalent to an oil consumption of 0.23 g/kW-h, is performed
conformance with the requirements in the standard test
at the end of each 25-h period.
method; such as running in an non-calibrated test stand or
4.4 The test stand is equipped with the appropriate instru-
using different test equipment, applying different equipment
mentation to control engine speed, fuel flow, and other oper-
assembly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.
ating parameters.
D 5844
4.5 Oil performance is determined by assessing crosshead
wearat8.5mass %soot,topringwear,sludgedeposits,andoil
3.1.8 reference oil, n—an oil of known performance char-
acteristics used as a basis for comparison. D 4485 filter plugging.
3.1.9 sludge, n—in internal combustion engines, a deposit,
5. Significance and Use
principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the perfor-
uctsfromfuelcombustionandthelubricant,thatdoesnotdrain
mance of an engine oil to control engine wear and deposits
from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.
under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate
D 5302
soot generation, valve train wear, and deposit formation in a
3.1.10 test oil, n—any oil subjected to evaluation in an
turbocharged, aftercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine
established procedure. D 6557
equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.
3.1.11 wear, n—the loss of material from, or relocation of
5.2 This test method may be used for engine oil specifica-
material on, a surface. D 5302
tion acceptance when all details of this test method are in
3.1.11.1 Discussion—Wear generally occurs between two
compliance. Applicable engine oil service categories are in-
surfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result of
cluded in Specification D 4485.
mechanical or chemical action or by a combination of me-
5.3 The design of the engine used in this test method is
chanical and chemical actions.
representativeofmany,butnotall,moderndieselengines.This
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, needs
3.2.1 crosshead, n—an overhead component, located be-
to be considered when extrapolating test results.
tween the rocker arm and each intake valve and exhaust valve
6. Apparatus
pair, that transfers rocker arm travel to the opening and closing
of each valve pair.
6.1 Test Engine Configuration:
6.1.1 Test Engine—The Cummins M11 400 is an in-line
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Each cylinder has two crossheads, one
six-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine with 11 L of displace-
for each pair of intake valves and exhaust valves.
ment and is turbocharged and aftercooled. The engine has an
3.2.2 de-rate protocols, n—protocols in the engine control
overhead valve configuration and EGR hardware. It features a
module that cause the engine to reduce power output when
1994 emissions configuration with electronic control of fuel
certain operating parameters are exceeded.
metering and fuel injection timing. Obtain the test engine, the
3.2.3 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), n—a method by
engine build parts kit, and non-kit parts from the central parts
which a portion of the engine exhaust is returned to the
distributor (CPD). The components of the engine build parts
combustion chambers through the intake system.
kit are shown in Table A3.1. Non-kit parts are shown in Table
3.2.4 overhead, n—in internal combustion engines, the
A3.2.
components of the valve train located in or above the cylinder
head.
3.2.5 overfuel, v—to cause the fuel flow to exceed the
Available from Test Engineering Inc., 12758 Cimmaron Path, Suite 102, San
standard production setting. Antonio, TX 78249-3417.
D6975–03
TABLE 1 Maximum Allowable System Time Responses TABLE 2 Warm-up Conditions
Measurement Time Response (s) Stage
Parameter Unit
Speed 2.0 AB C D E
Temperature 3.0
Stage Length min 5 5 5 5 5
Pressure 3.0
Speed r/min 700 1200 1600 1600 1600
Flow To be determined
Torque Nom 135 270 540 1085 1470
A
Coolant Out Temperature °C 105 105 105 105 105
A
Oil Gallery Temperature °C 130 130 130 130 130
A
In
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