iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM F1145-92(2001)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged

Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged turnbuckles with and without jam nuts.
1.2 A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, etc.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information purposes only and may be approximate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Aug-1992
ICS
21.060.70 - Clamps and staples
Technical Committee
F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
Drafting Committee
F25.07 - General Requirements
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1145-92(1996) - Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
Effective Date
15-Aug-1992
Replaced By
ASTM F1145-05 - Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
Effective Date
01-May-2005

Buy Standard

ASTM F1145-92(2001) - Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, ForgedASTM F1145-92(2001) - Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
PreviousNext
Technical specification
ASTM F1145-92(2001) - Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
English language
10 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: F 1145 – 92 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Specification for
Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1145; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts
2.4 Military Standards:
1.1 This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged
MIL-STD-1186 Cushioning,Anchoring, Bracing, Blocking,
turnbuckles with and without jam nuts.
and Waterproofing; with Appropriate Test Methods
1.2 A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve
MIL-STD-2073-1 DoD Material Procedures for Develop-
intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw
ment and Application of Packaging Requirements
at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, etc.
2.5 Military Specification:
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
MIL-P-116 Preservation, Methods of
as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for informa-
MIL-L-19140 LumberandPlywood,Fire-RetardantTreated
tion purposes only and may be approximate.
2.6 Federal Specifications:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
PPP-B-636 Boxes, Shipping, Fiberboard
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
PPP-F-320 Fiberboard: Corrugated and Solid Sheet Stock
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(Container Grade) and Cut Shapes
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2.7 Federal Standard:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
FED-STD-123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2. Referenced Documents
3. Classification
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be of
A 29 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-
the following types and grades, as specified (see 4.1.3 and
Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirements for
4.1.7):
A 153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on
3.1.1 Type I—Open turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.4–5.2.7)
Iron and Steel Hardware
Grade
B 633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc
1 Forged
on Iron and Steel
5 2 Spread
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
3 Resistance welded
2.2 AWS Standards:
4 Arc or gas welded
A5.1 Covered Carbon Steel Arc Welding Electrodes
3.1.2 Type II—Pipe turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.8).
A5.2 Iron and Steel Oxyfuel Gas Welding Rods
3.1.3 Type III—Rigging turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.9).
A5.5 Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrodes
3.2 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be of
2.3 ANSI Standards:
the following classes and sizes, as specified (see 4.1.3):
B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread
3.2.1 Classes:
Form)
A—turnbuckle, body only without end pulls, heads not
drilled.
1 B—turnbuckle, body only without end pulls, heads threaded
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on
Shipbuilding and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on General right and left hand.
Requirements.
C—turnbuckle with stub and stub end pulls, complete.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1992. Published October 1992. Originally
D—turnbuckle with eye and eye end pulls, complete.
published as F 1145 – 88. Last previous edition F 1145 – 88.
E—turnbuckle with hook and hook end pulls, complete.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.
F—turnbuckle with hook and eye end pulls, complete.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
G—turnbuckle with jaw and jaw end pulls, complete.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Available fromAmerican Welding Society, 550 NW LeJeune Road, Miami, FL
33126.
7 8
Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Floor, New York, NY 10036. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1145
TABLE 1 Turnbuckle Bodies, Classes A and B, and Turnbuckles,
H—turnbuckle with jaw and eye end pulls, complete.
Class C
3.2.1.1 The arrangement of turnbuckle bodies and end pulls
for Classes C, D, E, F, G, and H shall be similar to Fig. 1.
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
3.2.2 Sizes—Shall be as listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
Size
4. Ordering Information
Thread,
Clear Opening Between Head, in.
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include Nominal
Outside
the following information:
Diameter,
44 ⁄2 6 9 12 18 24 36 48
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
in.
4.1.2 Quantity required,
⁄4 X . . . . . . . .
4.1.3 Type, class, and size (see 3.1, 3.2, and 8.1),
⁄16 . X . . . . . . .
⁄8 . . X . . . . . .
4.1.4 Material, if different (see 5.1.1),
⁄2 . . X X X . . . .
4.1.5 Type thread required (see 7.3),
⁄8 . . XXXX . . .
4.1.6 Type finish required (see 9.3), ⁄4 . . XXXXX . .
⁄8 . . X . X X X . .
4.1.7 Grade required, if Type I is specified (see 3.1.1),
1 . . X . XXXX .
4.1.8 Optional requirements, if any (see S1 and S2).
1 ⁄4 . . X . XXXX .
1 ⁄8 . . X . . . . . .
5. Materials and Manufacture
1 ⁄2 . . X . XXXXX
1 ⁄4 . . X . . XXXX
5.1 Materials:
2 . . X . . . X X X
5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified (see 4.1.4), turnbuckle and
2 ⁄4 . . X . . . X X X
2 ⁄2 . . X . . . X X X
end pulls shall be made from steel of a grade which will meet
2 ⁄4 . . X . . . . . X
the requirements of Table 3.
3 . . X . . . . . X
5.1.2 For materials used for welded turnbuckle bodies, eye 1
3 ⁄2 . . X . . . . . X
4 . . X . . . . . X
and jaw end pulls, the carbon shall be 0.25 % maximum, sulfur
0.05 % maximum, and phosphorus 0.05 % maximum.
TABLE 2 Turnbuckles, Classes D, E, F, G, and H.
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm
Size
Thread,
Clear Opening Between Heads, in.
Nominal
Outside
Diameter,
44 ⁄2 6 9 12 18 24 36 48
in.
⁄4 X . . . . . . . .
⁄16 . X . . . . . . .
⁄8 . . X . . . . . .
⁄2 . . X X X . . . .
⁄8 . . XXXX . . .
⁄4 . . XXXXX . .
⁄8 . . . . X X X . .
1 . . . . XXXX .
1 ⁄4 . . . . XXXX .
1 ⁄2 . . . . XXXXX
1 ⁄4 . . . . . XXXX
2 . . . . . . X X X
2 ⁄4 . . . . . . X X X
2 ⁄2 . . . . . . X X X
5.1.3 Heavy jam nuts shall be right-hand or left-hand
threaded, as required, and made of carbon steel of a type
selected from Groups 1016 to 1020, inclusive in accordance
with Specification A 29.
5.1.4 Jaw end pulls ⁄8 in. (16 mm) and smaller shall be
provided with a steel hexagon head bolt and nut of commercial
quality. Jaw end pulls ⁄4 in. (19 mm) and larger shall be
provided with a round head steel pin and cotter of commercial
value.
5.2 Manufacture:
5.2.1 Eye End Pulls—Eye end pulls shall be forged, resis-
FIG. 1 Classes of Turnbuckles tance welded, or arc or gas welded, at the option of the
F 1145
TABLE 3 Breaking Strength of Turnbuckles (Complete With End Pulls)
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
NOTE 2—1 lb = 0.45 kg.
Size, Nominal Strength Breaking, min, lbf (N) Recommended Working Loads, lbf (N)
Outside
Type I, Grade 1 All Others Type I, Grade 1 All Others
Diameter
of Thread, in. Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye,
Hook Hook Hook Hook
or Stub or Stub or Stub or Stub
End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls
End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls
⁄4 2 500 (11) 1 500 (7) 1 550 (7) 1 050 (5) 500 (2) 300 (1.3) 310 (1.4) 210 (0.9)
⁄16 3 500 (16) 2 500 (11) 2 700 (12) 1 650 (7.3) 700 (3) 500 (2.2) 540 (2.4) 330 (1.5)
⁄8 5 200 (23) 3 500 (16) 4 100 (18) 2 300 (10) 1 040 (4.6) 700 (3.1) 820 (3.6) 460 (2)
⁄2 9 000 (40) 5 200 (23) 7 550 (34) 3 700 (16.4) 1 800 (8) 1 040 (8) 1 500 (7) 740 (3.3)
⁄8 13 500 (60) 8 000 (36) 12 100 (54) 5 400 (24) 2 700 (12) 1 600 (7.1) 2 400 (11) 1 080 (4.8)
⁄4 20 000 (89) 10 000 (44) 18 100 (81) 7 500 (33) 4 000 (18) 2 000 (9) 3 600 (16) 1 500 (7)
⁄8 29 000 (129) 12 000 (53) 25 100 (112) 10 000 (44) 5 800 (26) 2 400 (11) 5 000 (22) 2 000 (9)
1 38 000 (169) 14 500 (64) 33 100 (147) 12 800 (57) 7 600 (34) 2 900 (13) 6 600 (29) 2 560 (11.4)
1 ⁄4 60 000 (267) 23 000 (102) 53 600 (238) 20 600 (92) 12 000 (53) 4 600 (20) 10 700 (48) 4 120 (18.3)
1 ⁄8 72 000 (320) 29 000 (129) 63 400 (282) 24 300 (108) 14 400 (64) 5 800 (26) 12 600 (56) 4 860 (22)
1 ⁄2 85 000 (378) 36 000 (160) 77 700 (345) 29 300 (130) 17 000 (76) 7 200 (32) 15 500 (69) 5 860 (26.1)
1 ⁄4 115 000 (511) . . . 105 000 (467) . . . 23 000 (102) . . . 21 000 (93) . . .
2 150 000 (667) . . . 138 000 (614) . . . 30 000 (133) . . . 27 600 (122) . . .
2 ⁄4 197 000 (876) . . . 181 000 (805) . . . 39 400 (175) . . . 36 200 (161) . . .
2 ⁄2 242 000 (1076) . . . 223 000 (992) . . . 48 400 (215) . . . 44 600 (198) . . .
2 ⁄4 304 000 (1352) . . . 277 000 (1232) . . . 60 800 (270) . . . 55 400 (246) . . .
3 350 000 (1556) . . . 337 000 (1499) . . . 70 000 (311) . . . 67 400 (300) . . .
3 ⁄4 400 000 (1779) . . . 400 000 (1779) . . . 80 000 (356) . . . 80 000 (356) . . .
3 ⁄2 475 000 (2112) . . . 475 000 (2113) . . . 95 000 (423) . . . 95 000 (423) . . .
3 ⁄4 550 000 (2446) . . . 550 000 (2446) . . . 110 000 (489) . . . 110 000 (489) . . .
4 635 000 (2824) . . . 635 000 (2824) . . . 127 000 (565) . . . 127 000 (565) . . .
producer, except that when forged bodies are specified, forged-
eye end pulls shall be required.
5.2.1.1 Each forged-eye end pull shall be forged at elevated
temperature to final shape and size and shall be similar to Fig.
2. The shape of the eye may be either oval or round.
5.2.1.2 Resistance-welded eye end pulls shall be similar to
Fig. 3. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material by
bending the material to form the eye and joined by resistance
welding process.
FIG. 3 Resistance-Welded-Eye End Pull
5.2.1.3 Arc- or gas-welded eye end pulls shall be similar to
Fig. 4. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material by
bending the material to form the eye and joined by welding.
The cross-sectional area through the weld shall be not less than
the cross-sectional area of the bar.
5.2.2 Jaw End Pulls—Jaw end pulls shall be forged, arc or
gas welded, or upset, at the option of the producer, except that
if forged bodies are specified, forged-jaw end pulls shall be
provided.
FIG. 2 Forged-Eye End Pull FIG. 4 Arc or Gas Welded-Eye End Pull
F 1145
5.2.2.1 Forged-jaw end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 5.
5.2.2.2 Arc- or gas-welded end pulls shall be similar to Fig.
6.
5.2.2.3 Upset jaw end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 7.
5.2.3 Hook End Pulls—Hook end pulls shall be forged and
be similar to Fig. 8.
5.2.4 Type I, Grade 1 Turnbuckles—Each forged turnbuckle
body shall be forged at elevated temperature to final shape and
size and shall be similar to Fig. 9. The shape of the head of the
turnbuckle shall be either round or hexagonal.
5.2.5 Type I, Grade 2 Turnbuckles—For each spread turn-
bucklebody,onepieceofmaterialshallbecutlengthwisefrom
near one end to the other end by any suitable means, such as an
oxyacetylene cutting torch; the resulting reins shall then be
spread apart at elevated temperatures to final shape and size.
The bodies shall be similar to Fig. 10. The shape of the cross
section of the material shall be at the option of the producer.
5.2.6 Type I, Grade 3 Turnbuckles—Each resistance-welded
turnbuckle body shall be fabricated by joining two formed
pieces of material by either the flash or upset welding process.
The welds shall be parallel to the long axis of the piece. The
surfaces to be joined shall be held in intimate contact by
external forces, an electric current passed through the surfaces,
and the weld consolidated by the forces. The bodies shall be
FIG. 6 Arc or Gas Welded-Jaw End Pull
similar to Fig. 11. The shape of the cross section of the pieces
shall be at the option of the producer.
5.2.7 Type I, Grade 4 Turnbuckles—The welds shall be
either electric arc or oxyacetylene (gas) at the option of the
producer. Arc- or gas-welded turnbuckle bodies shall be
fabricated by joining four pieces of material by welds similar
to Fig. 12.The faces of the welds shall not be concave but may
be somewhat convex.
5.2.8 Type II, Pipe—Pipe turnbuckle bodies shall be forged,
swaged, spun, drawn, or upset in way of the threaded ends, and
shall be similar to Fig. 13.
FIG. 7 Upset Jaw End Pull
5.2.9 Type III, Rigging—Rigging turnbuckle bodies shall be
forged, similar to Fig. 14, and shall be provided with a heavy
jam nut (see 5.1.3) of a type which does not depend upon
deformation of the threads for security.
6. Mechanical Properties
6.1 Thebreakingstrengthofturnbuckles,equippedwithend
pulls, shall be not less than the value given in Table 3 for the
required size, type, and grade of end pull specified.
6.2 End pulls shall be capable of bending through an angle
of 90° around a pin twice the nominal major diameter of the
FIG. 5 Forged-Jaw End Pull end pull without either crack or rupture.
F 1145
FIG. 12 Type I, Grade 4, Open Turnbuckle Body, Arc or Gas
Welded
FIG. 13 Type II, Pipe Turnbuckle Body
FIG. 8 Hook End Pull
FIG. 9 Type I, Grade 1, Open Turnbuckle Body, Forged
FIG. 14 Type III, Rigging Turnbuckle Body
7.3 Turnbuckle bodies and end pulls shall be threaded after
fabrication to final size and shape. The threads in the heads of
the turnbuckle bodies and on the end pulls shall comply with
ANSI B 1.1 (see 4.1.5). Unified threads in the coarse (UNC)
and fine (UNF) standard series should be used. If neither is
specified, the threads will be in the UNC series. If the standard
diameter-pitch combinations are not suitable, the UNS threads
FIG. 10 Type I, Grade 2, Open Turnbuckle Body, Spread
with dimensions in accordance with ANSI B 1.1 should be
used.
7.3.1 Threads on the finished turnbuckle shall not be looser
than class 1A/1B fit. If coated turnbuckles are specified, the
malethreadsontheendpullsmaybeundercut,asnecessary,so
that after coating they will properly mate (not looser than
1A/1B fit) with the standard size female threads of the
turnbuckle bodies.
FIG. 11 Type I, Grad
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM F708-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for Design and Installation of Rigid Pipe Hangers

ABSTRACT
This practice covers acceptable methods of fabricating and installing rigid pipe hangers used to support shipboard piping systems, it provides guidance for the design of hanger caps, straps and standoffs, selection of hanger and hanger liner materials, hanger bolting, and hanger spacing. The pipe hanger style includes: split cap hanger, 3strap hanger, welded hanger, U-bolt hanger, J band type hanger, Nelson hanger, clamp hanger assembled with mounting channel, poly-block twin clamp hanger, crimp-on weld stud-type hangers, banded weld stud-type hanger, and poly-block single-clamp hanger. Guidance in determining pipe hanger spacing are provided. Special consideration should be given to areas of concentrated loads, such as risers, valves, or groups of fittings, and to piping configurations that could create rotational forces. Hangers need not be lined unless the hanger and pipe are of dissimilar material. All hanger bolts within tanks or other inaccessible areas shall be secured with lock nuts, lock washers, or by some other means. Pipe hangers and standoffs located in areas subject to corrosion, such as in bilges, ballast tanks, and areas exposed to the weather, should be zinc-plated or blasted and coated with inorganic zinc or coated with the same material as that of the surrounding area. Standoffs fabricated from pipe should not be used within tanks. Consideration should be given to thermal growth of the piping when selecting or locating hangers so as not to overstress the piping or hangers.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers acceptable methods of fabricating and installing rigid pipe hangers used to support shipboard piping systems with temperatures of 650 °F (343 °C) or less.  
1.2 This practice provides guidance for the design of hanger caps, straps and standoffs, selection of hanger and hanger liner materials, hanger bolting, and hanger spacing.  
1.3 Other hanger designs may be used provided they result in an adequately supported vibration-free piping system and are compatible with the intended system service and temperature limitations.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1145-05(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged

ABSTRACT
This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged turnbuckles with and without jam nuts. A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, and so forth. Turnbuckles shall be of the following types and grades: Type I (forged, spread, resistance welded and arc or gas welded); Type II; and Type III. Turnbuckles shall be of the following classes; Class A; Class B; Class C; Class D; Class E; Class F; Class G; and Class H. The following tests shall be performed: proof test; breaking strength test; bending test; and galvanizing test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged turnbuckles with and without jam nuts.  
1.2 A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, and so forth.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F708-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for Design and Installation of Rigid Pipe Hangers

ABSTRACT
This practice covers acceptable methods of fabricating and installing rigid pipe hangers used to support shipboard piping systems, it provides guidance for the design of hanger caps, straps and standoffs, selection of hanger and hanger liner materials, hanger bolting, and hanger spacing. The pipe hanger style includes: split cap hanger, 3strap hanger, welded hanger, U-bolt hanger, J band type hanger, Nelson hanger, clamp hanger assembled with mounting channel, poly-block twin clamp hanger, crimp-on weld stud-type hangers, banded weld stud-type hanger, and poly-block single-clamp hanger. Guidance in determining pipe hanger spacing are provided. Special consideration should be given to areas of concentrated loads, such as risers, valves, or groups of fittings, and to piping configurations that could create rotational forces. Hangers need not be lined unless the hanger and pipe are of dissimilar material. All hanger bolts within tanks or other inaccessible areas shall be secured with lock nuts, lock washers, or by some other means. Pipe hangers and standoffs located in areas subject to corrosion, such as in bilges, ballast tanks, and areas exposed to the weather, should be zinc-plated or blasted and coated with inorganic zinc or coated with the same material as that of the surrounding area. Standoffs fabricated from pipe should not be used within tanks. Consideration should be given to thermal growth of the piping when selecting or locating hangers so as not to overstress the piping or hangers.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers acceptable methods of fabricating and installing rigid pipe hangers used to support shipboard piping systems with temperatures of 650 °F (343 °C) or less.  
1.2 This practice provides guidance for the design of hanger caps, straps and standoffs, selection of hanger and hanger liner materials, hanger bolting, and hanger spacing.  
1.3 Other hanger designs may be used provided they result in an adequately supported vibration-free piping system and are compatible with the intended system service and temperature limitations.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1145-05(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged

ABSTRACT
This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged turnbuckles with and without jam nuts. A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, and so forth. Turnbuckles shall be of the following types and grades: Type I (forged, spread, resistance welded and arc or gas welded); Type II; and Type III. Turnbuckles shall be of the following classes; Class A; Class B; Class C; Class D; Class E; Class F; Class G; and Class H. The following tests shall be performed: proof test; breaking strength test; bending test; and galvanizing test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged turnbuckles with and without jam nuts.  
1.2 A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw at each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, and so forth.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1025-19(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Full-Encirclement-Type Band Clamps for Reinforcement or Repair of Punctures or Holes in Polyethylene Gas Pressure Pipe

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Full-encirclement-type band clamps are recommended for repairs only where the pipe is able to maintain its structural integrity. These clamps are not recommended for permanent repair of pipe where the damage could propagate outside the clamp under anticipated field conditions (see 5.1.1 for repair limitations). In such situations, it is recommended to cut out and replace the damaged pipe with a new piece. Clamps that are used for repair should comply with the manufacturer’s specifications for use and the manufacturer’s installation instructions should be followed.  
4.2 These clamps may be used to cover holes left in the pipe from abandoned service line connections, purge points, and accidental punctures.  
4.3 These clamps may be used to reinforce the pipe where the wall thickness has been reduced because of gouges or other irregularities.  
4.4 Some users reinforce polyethylene pipe after it has been squeezed-off as a precaution against pipe damage that may have occurred during the squeeze-off process and as a means of ensuring that the pipe will not be squeezed-off again at the same location. Consult with the polyethylene pipe manufacturer as to the appropriateness of squeeze-off for their product, and for circumstances when reinforcement is recommended. See Guide F1041.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide specifically addresses the design and installation of full-encirclement-type band clamps for repair of gouges, punctures, or holes, and for reinforcement of polyethylene plastic pipe. Guidelines are provided for selecting and using clamps in pipe sizes 2 in. nominal (60 mm) and larger.  
1.1.1 A test method is also provided for the user to assess the applicability of the repair clamp. Under appropriate circumstances, this type of clamp offers a convenient, effective, and safe means of restoring the integrity of an in-service pipeline, without cutting out a section of pipe (see Note 1). The pipe to be repaired cannot be backed by a stiffener for internal support and cross-sectional dimensional control. Satisfactory use of this type of clamp should rely on the crush resistance of the pipe itself and a fitting design concept, which retains the cross-sectional pipe configuration while minimizing compressive forces required to obtain an effective leakage seal.  
Note 1: The appropriateness for use of this type of clamp should be determined by using the information contained in this guide and from consultation with, and recommendations of, both the pipe and clamp manufacturers. The basic premise for use of this type of clamp is that it is recommended by the manufacturer for this specific application and that step-by-step installation instructions are available for that application. It is important in the development of this type of clamp that prototype testing be conducted to evaluate performance expectations because of the physical limitations encountered when designing it for use with plastic pipe.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6152/D6152M-12(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for SEBS-Modified Mopping Asphalt Used in Roofing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene)-modified mopping asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roofing systems. This specification is intended as a material specification and issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope. The specified tests and property values are intended to establish minimum properties. In place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification. The base asphalt shall be prepared from crude petroleum and the SEBS-modified asphalt shall incorporate sufficient SEBS as the primary polymeric modifier. The SEBS modified asphalt shall be homogeneous and free of water and shall conform to the prescribed physical properties including (1) softening point before and after heat exposure, (2) softening point change, (3) flash point, (4) penetration before and after heat exposure, (5) penetration change, (6) solubility in trichloroethylene, (7) tensile elongation, (8) elastic recovery, and (9) low temperature flexibility. The sampling and test methods to determine compliance with the specified physical properties, as well as the evaluation for stability during heat exposure are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene)-modified asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roof systems.  
1.2 This specification is intended as a material specification. Issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope.  
1.3 The specified tests and property values used to characterize SEBS-modified asphalt are intended to establish minimum properties. In-place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5643/D5643M-06(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Coal Tar Roof Cement, Asbestos Free

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coal tar roof cement suitable for trowel application in coal tar roofing and flashing systems. The chemical composition of coal tar roof cement shall conform to the requirements prescribed. The water, non-volatile matter, insoluble matter, behaviour at 60 deg. C, adhesion to wet surfaces, and flash point shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coal tar roof cement suitable for trowel application in coal tar roofing and flashing systems.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D396-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Fuel Oils

ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.  
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.  
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.  
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.  
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2: A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.  
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and Table 2 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8165-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and High-Torque Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6416/D6416M-16(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,  
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,  
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,  
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,  
5.1.5 Panel strength, and  
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off