ASTM E701-80(2018)

Standard Test Methods for Municipal Ferrous Scrap

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The establishment of these test methods for municipal ferrous scrap as a raw material for certain industries (see Specification E702) will aid commerce in such scrap by providing the chemical and physical tests for the characterization of the scrap needed as a basis for communication between the purchaser and supplier.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover various tests for assessing the usefulness of a ferrous fraction recovered from municipal wastes.  
1.2 These test methods comprise both chemical and physical tests, as follows:    
Section  
Sampling  
5  
Bulk Density  
6  
Total Combustibles  
7  
Chemical Analysis (for Industries Other Than the
Detinning Industry)  
8  
Magnetic Fraction (for the Detinning Industry)  
9  
Chemical Analysis for Tin (for the Detinning Industry)  
10  
Metallic Yield for All Industries Other Than the Copper
Industry and the Detinning Industry  
11  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2018
• ICS: 13.030.10 - Solid wastes
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E701-80(2010) - Standard Test Methods for Municipal Ferrous Scrap
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Refers: ASTM E350-23 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM C29/C29M-23 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM D2234/D2234M-19 - Standard Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM E351-18 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All Types
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D2234/D2234M-17 - Standard Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM C29/C29M-17 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2017
• Refers: ASTM D2234/D2234M-16 - Standard Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2016
• Refers: ASTM C29/C29M-16 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2016
• Refers: ASTM E415-14 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Refers: ASTM E351-13 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All Types
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Refers: ASTM C702/C702M-11 - Standard Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2011
• Refers: ASTM E122-09e1 - Standard Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or Process
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2011
• Refers: ASTM E702-85(2010) - Standard Specification for Municipal Ferrous Scrap
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Refers: ASTM D2234/D2234M-10 - Standard Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010

Overview

ASTM E701-80(2018): Standard Test Methods for Municipal Ferrous Scrap provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating the quality and characteristics of ferrous scrap recovered from municipal waste. Developed by ASTM International, this standard outlines essential chemical and physical test methods that support industries in the effective use of municipal ferrous scrap as a raw material. By offering reliable methods for characterization, ASTM E701 enhances communication between suppliers and purchasers, fosters consistency in the marketplace, and facilitates the recycling and reuse of ferrous materials.

Key Topics

ASTM E701-80(2018) encompasses the following core test methods applicable to municipal ferrous scrap:

• Sampling: Procedures for collecting representative samples from both loose and baled ferrous scrap to ensure accurate assessment.
• Bulk Density: Determination of the mass per unit volume of ferrous scrap, important for storage, transport, and processing operations.
• Total Combustibles: Assessing the proportion of combustible material in the scrap, crucial for evaluating potential contaminants or additional value.
• Chemical Analysis: Methods for analyzing the scrap's chemical composition for industries other than the detinning industry.
• Magnetic Fraction: Procedures specific to the detinning industry for quantifying the magnetic material present in the scrap.
• Chemical Analysis for Tin: Tailored methods for determining tin content in the can fraction, essential for detinning operations.
• Metallic Yield: Calculation of the proportion of recovered metallic material for industries excluding copper and detinning sectors.

These test methods use inch-pound units as standard, while SI units are provided for information only.

Applications

ASTM E701-80(2018) serves a vital role in the recycling, manufacturing, and waste management sectors by:

• Unifying Industry Practices: Providing standardized techniques for testing municipal ferrous scrap boosts confidence in international trade and procurement.
• Supporting Material Recovery: Ensuring the recovered ferrous fraction is suitable for reuse in steelmaking and related industries.
• Improving Communication: Enabling clear, data-driven dialogue between suppliers and purchasers regarding scrap quality and suitability.
• Environmental Compliance: Promoting best practices for safety, health, and environmental management during material handling and testing.
• Quality Control: Facilitating ongoing quality assurance for companies involved in collection, processing, and utilization of municipal ferrous scrap.

Industries utilizing steel, cast iron, and similar ferrous materials benefit directly from implementing these test methods, particularly when sourcing scrap of diverse origins.

Related Standards

Organizations and professionals applying ASTM E701-80(2018) may also reference related ASTM standards, including:

• ASTM E702: Specification for Municipal Ferrous Scrap, which provides additional context and material requirements.
• ASTM C29/C29M: Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) of Aggregates.
• ASTM D2234/D2234M: Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal.
• ASTM E122: Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or Process.
• ASTM E30, E350, E351, E415: Methods for chemical analysis of steel, cast iron, and related materials.

These supporting standards ensure comprehensive, consistent procedures across testing laboratories, scrap processing facilities, and recycling operations.

Keywords: municipal ferrous scrap, ASTM E701, test methods, chemical analysis, bulk density, sampling, magnetic fraction, metallic yield, total combustibles, waste management, recycling standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E701 − 80 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Methods for
Municipal Ferrous Scrap
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E701; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and Voids in Aggregate
C702/C702MPractice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
1.1 These test methods cover various tests for assessing the
to Testing Size
usefulness of a ferrous fraction recovered from municipal
D2234/D2234MPractice for Collection of a Gross Sample
wastes.
of Coal
1.2 These test methods comprise both chemical and physi-
E30TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofSteel,CastIron,
cal tests, as follows: 3
Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
Section
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
Sampling 5
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Bulk Density 6
Lot or Process
Total Combustibles 7
Chemical Analysis (for Industries Other Than the 8
E350Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel,
Detinning Industry)
Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and
Magnetic Fraction (for the Detinning Industry) 9
Wrought Iron
Chemical Analysis for Tin (for the Detinning Industry) 10
Metallic Yield for All Industries Other Than the Copper 11
E351TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofCastIron—All
Industry and the Detinning Industry
Types
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E415Test Method for Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
E702Specification for Municipal Ferrous Scrap
and are not considered standard.
3. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1 The establishment of these test methods for municipal
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ferrous scrap as a raw material for certain industries (see
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Specification E702) will aid commerce in such scrap by
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
providing the chemical and physical tests for the characteriza-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- tion of the scrap needed as a basis for communication between
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the purchaser and supplier.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4. Hazards
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 Due to the origins of municipal ferrous scrap in waste
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
destined for disposal, common sense dictates that some pre-
cautions should be observed when conducting tests on the
2. Referenced Documents
samples. Recommended hygienic practices include using
gloves when handling municipal ferrous scrap and washing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
hands before eating or smoking.
C29/C29MTest Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
5. Sampling
5.1 Gross Sample of Loose Ferrous Scrap:
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on
Waste Management and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on
5.1.1 Takeaminimumofonegrosssamplehavingavolume
Treatment, Recovery and Reuse. 3 3
of7ft (0.2 m ) (approximately equal to a 55-gal drum).
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
Guidance for determining the number of gross samples needed
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E701 – 80 (2010).
DOI: 10.1520/E0701-80R18. to characterize a given lot of material and methods for
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E701 − 80 (2018)
accumulating a gross sample can be found in Practices E122 described. Level the surface of the material manually to
and D2234/D2234M, respectively. In all cases, the actual minimize surface irregularities.
sampling procedures to be used and the number of gross 6.1.2.5 Using the measuring rod described in 6.1.1.3, mea-
samples required to obtain a representative sample of the lot surethedistancefromthetopofthecontainertothesurfaceof
shall be established in accordance with an agreement between the material to the nearest 0.1 in. (3 mm) in each of the four
the purchaser and supplier. corners of the container. Subtract the average of the four
5.1.2 Air-dry the gross sample at ambient temperature for a measurements from the inside height of the container to
period of 24 h by spreading the sample on a clean, dry surface determine the height of the material.
to one-layer thickness. Protect the sample from contamination 6.1.2.6 Weigh the filled container to the nearest 0.1 lb
by falling dust and debris. Reduce the gross sample to four (0.05kg).
samples by the method of coning and quartering, as described 6.1.3 Calculation—Calculate the bulk density as follows:
in Method B of Practice C702/C702M.
a 2 b
3 3
Bulkdensity, lb/ft ~kg/m ! 5 3f (1)
5.2 Gross Sample of Baled Ferrous Scrap—Take a mini- c 3d 3e
mum of two bales. Guidance for determining the number of
where:
bales needed to characterize a given lot of material and
a = weight of container plus material, lb (or kg),
methods for selecting the bales can be found in Practice E122.
In all cases, the actual sampling procedures to be used and the
b = weight of container, lb (or kg),
number of gross samples required to obtain a representative
c = inside length of container base, in. (or m),
sample of the lot shall be established in accordance with an
d = inside depth of container base, in. (or m),
agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
e = height of material in container, in. (or m), and
f = 1 for container dimensions measured in metres, or 1728
6. Bulk Density
for container dimensions measured in inches.
6.1 Loose Ferrous Scrap:
6.1.4 Report—Report each bulk density determination and
6.1.1 Apparatus:
the average of the four determinations.
6.1.1.1 Container, constructed of suitable materials, for
6.2 Baled Ferrous Scrap:
example, plywood, having the following approximate internal
6.2.1 Procedure:
dimensions: base of 1 by 1 ft (300 by 300 mm) and a height of
6.2.1.1 Determine the weight of each bale from 5.2 to the
at least 2 ft (600 mm). Measure the internal dimensions of the
nearest 0.1 lb (0.05 kg) using a scale described in 6.1.1.2.
box to the nearest 0.1 in. (3 mm). Suitable handles may be
6.2.1.2 Measure individually the length, width, and height
attached to the exterior of the container to aid in subsequent
of the bale to the nearest 0.1 in. (3 mm).
handling. Alternatively, containers of other geometries agree-
6.2.2 Calculations—Calculate the bulk density as follows:
able to the purchaser and supplier may be employed provided
2 2
the area of the base is at least 1 ft (0.09 m ).
g
3 3
Bulkdensity, lb/ft kg/m 5 3k (2)
~ !
h 3i 3j
NOTE 1—The operator should be aware that this test method is not
intended for those occasional pieces whose size is of the order of the
where:
dimensions of the box.As a guide, the maximum length of a single piece
g = weight of bale, lb (or kg),
should not exceed three-fourths of the maximum dimension of the base.
h = length of bale, in. (or m),
6.1.1.2 Balance or Scale, accurate within 0.1% of the test
i = width of bale, in. (or m),
load within the range of use. The range of use shall be
j = height of bale, in. (or m), and
consideredtoextendfromtheweightofthecontaineremptyto
k = 1 for bale dimensions measured in metres, or 1728 for
the weight of the container plus its contents at 100 lb/ft
bale dimensions measured in inches.
(1600kg⁄m ).
6.2.3 Report—Report each bulk density determination and
6.1.1.3 Measuring Rod, calibrated in 0.1-in. (3-mm)
2 2 the average of all of the determinations.
intervals, having a blunt end with an area of 4 in. (26 cm ).
6.1.2 Procedure:
7. Total Combustibles
6.1.2.1 Use each of the four samples from 5.1.2 to deter-
mine the bulk density. 7.1 Procedure:
6.1.2.2 Before each determination, weigh the
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