ASTM E351-18

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All Types

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of pig iron, gray cast iron (including alloy and austenitic), white cast iron, malleable cast iron, and ductile (nodular) iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.003 to 0.50  
Antimony  
0.005 to 0.03  
Arsenic  
0.02 to 0.10  
Bismuth  
0.001 to 0.03  
Boron  
0.001 to 0.10  
Cadmium  
0.001 to 0.005  
Carbon  
1.25 to 4.50  
Cerium  
0.005 to 0.05  
Chromium  
0.01 to 30.00  
Cobalt  
0.01 to 4.50  
Copper  
0.03 to 7.50  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.15  
Magnesium  
0.002 to 0.10  
Manganese  
0.06 to 2.50  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 5.00  
Nickel  
0.01 to 36.00  
Phosphorus  
0.01 to 0.90  
Selenium  
0.001 to 0.06  
Silicon  
0.10 to 6.0    
Sulfur  
0.005 to 0.25  
Tellurium  
0.001 to 0.35  
Tin  
0.001 to 0.35  
Titanium  
0.001 to 0.20  
Tungsten  
0.001 to 0.20  
Vanadium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Zinc  
0.005 to 0.20  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Infrared Absorption Method (1 % to 3 %)  
108–115  
Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 % to 4.50 %)—Discontinued 2012  
97–107  
Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method (Ce: 0.003 % to 0.5 %; La: 0.001 % to 0.30 %)  
237–245  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
208–217  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method (0.05 % to 30.0 %)  
218–226  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05 % to 30.0 %)—Discontinued 1980  
144–151    
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—Potentiometric Titration Method (2.0 % to 4.5 %)  
53–60  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 4.50 %)  
61–70  
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %)  
116–125  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %)  
81–88  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.001 % to 0.15 %)  
126–135  
Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
71–80  
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to 2.00 %)  
9–18  
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10 % to 3.5 %)  
152–159  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
257–264  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.5 %)  
196–207  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 36.00 %)  
168–175  
Nickel by the Ion Exchange-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.005 % to 1.00 %)  
176–185  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %)  
160–167  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %)  
19–30  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 6.0 %)  
46–52  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1988  
30–36  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.25 %)—Discontinued 2012  
37–45  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
136–143    
Tin by the Solvent Extraction-A...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2018
• ICS: 77.040.30 - Chemical analysis of metals
• Technical Committee: E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Drafting Committee: E01.01 - Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E135-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Effective Date: 15-May-2015
• Refers: ASTM E135-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015
• Refers: ASTM E50-11(2016) - Standard Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2016
• Refers: ASTM E882-10(2016) - Standard Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2016
• Refers: ASTM E50-17 - Standard Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017
• Refers: ASTM E135-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Effective Date: 15-May-2016
• Refers: ASTM E1601-19 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2019
• Refers: ASTM E135-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Effective Date: 15-May-2019
• Refers: ASTM E135-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM E135-14b - Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2014
• Refers: ASTM E353-14 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloys
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2014
• Refers: ASTM E882-10(2016)e1 - Standard Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2016
• Referred By: ASTM E354-21e1 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A532/A532M-10(2019) - Standard Specification for Abrasion-Resistant Cast Irons
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM E353-19e1 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM E352-18e1 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tool Steels and Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy Steels
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A518/A518M-99(2022) - Standard Specification for Corrosion-Resistant High-Silicon Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A439/A439M-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A436-84(2020) - Standard Specification for Austenitic Gray Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D3724-01(2019) - Standard Specification for Synthetic Brown Iron Oxide Pigment
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A1095-15(2019) - Standard Specification for High-Silicon Molybdenum Ferritic Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A874/A874M-98(2022) - Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM E701-80(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Municipal Ferrous Scrap
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A834-95(2020) - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM E350-18 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A861-04(2023) - Standard Specification for High-Silicon Iron Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM E1473-22 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E351 − 18
Standard Test Methods for
1
Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All Types
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E351; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry Method (Ce: 0.003 % to 0.5 %; La: 0.001
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of pig
% to 0.30 %) 237–245
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %) 208–217
iron, gray cast iron (including alloy and austenitic), white cast
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method (0.05
iron, malleable cast iron, and ductile (nodular) iron having
% to 30.0 %) 218–226
chemical compositions within the following limits:
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05
%to30.0%)—Discontinued 1980 144–151
Element Composition Range, %
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—Potentiometric Titration Method (2.0 %
to 4.5 %) 53–60
Aluminum 0.003 to 0.50
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to
Antimony 0.005 to 0.03
4.50 %) 61–70
Arsenic 0.02 to 0.10
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.03 % to
Bismuth 0.001 to 0.03
7.5 %) 116–125
Boron 0.001 to 0.10
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric
Cadmium 0.001 to 0.005
Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %) 81–88
Carbon 1.25 to 4.50
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Cerium 0.005 to 0.05
Method (0.001 % to 0.15 %) 126–135
Chromium 0.01 to 30.00
Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002
Cobalt 0.01 to 4.50
% to 0.10 %) 71–80
Copper 0.03 to 7.50
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to
Lead 0.001 to 0.15
2.00 %) 9–18
Magnesium 0.002 to 0.10
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10
Manganese 0.06 to 2.50
% to 3.5 %) 152–159
Molybdenum 0.01 to 5.00
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric
Nickel 0.01 to 36.00
Method 257–264
Phosphorus 0.01 to 0.90
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01
Selenium 0.001 to 0.06
% to 1.5 %) 196–207
Silicon 0.10 to 6.0
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 36.00
Sulfur 0.005 to 0.25
%) 168–175
Tellurium 0.001 to 0.35
Nickel by the Ion Exchange-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method
Tin 0.001 to 0.35
(0.005 % to 1.00 %) 176–185
Titanium 0.001 to 0.20
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %) 160–167
Tungsten 0.001 to 0.20
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method
Vanadium 0.005 to 0.50
(0.02 % to 0.90 %) 19–30
Zinc 0.005 to 0.20
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 6.0 %) 46–52
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1988 30–36
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to
sections indicated below:
0.25 %)—Discontinued 2012 37–45
Sections Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method—Discontinued
1980 136–143
Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Infrared Absorption Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (1 % to 3 %) 108–115 Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %) 186–195
Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 % to Tin by the Sulfide Precipitation-Iodometric Titration Method (0.01 %
4.50 %)—Discontinued 2012 97–107 to 0.35 %) 89–96
Titanium by the Diantipyrylmethane Spectrophotometric Method
(0.006 % to 0.35 %) 246–256
Vanadium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.006 %
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on
to 0.15 %) 227–236
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.
1.3 Procedures for the determination of carbon and sulfur
Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
not included in these test methods can be found in Test
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E351–13. DOI:
Methods E1019.
10.1520/E0351-18.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E351 − 18
1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
broad to be covered by
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E351 − 13 E351 − 18
Standard Test Methods for
1
Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All Types
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E351; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of pig iron, gray cast iron (including alloy and austenitic), white cast iron,
malleable cast iron, and ductile (nodular) iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element Composition Range, %
Aluminum 0.003 to 0.50
Antimony 0.005 to 0.03
Arsenic 0.02 to 0.10
Bismuth 0.001 to 0.03
Boron 0.001 to 0.10
Cadmium 0.001 to 0.005
Carbon 1.25 to 4.50
Cerium 0.005 to 0.05
Chromium 0.01 to 30.00
Cobalt 0.01 to 4.50
Copper 0.03 to 7.50
Lead 0.001 to 0.15
Magnesium 0.002 to 0.10
Manganese 0.06 to 2.50
Molybdenum 0.01 to 5.00
Nickel 0.01 to 36.00
Phosphorus 0.01 to 0.90
Selenium 0.001 to 0.06
Silicon 0.10 to 6.0
Sulfur 0.005 to 0.25
Tellurium 0.001 to 0.35
Tin 0.001 to 0.35
Titanium 0.001 to 0.20
Tungsten 0.001 to 0.20
Vanadium 0.005 to 0.50
Zinc 0.005 to 0.20
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:
Sections
Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Infrared Absorption
Method (1 % to 3 %) 108
Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Infrared Absorption
Method (1 % to 3 %) 108–115
Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 % to
4.50 %)—Discontinued 97
Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 % to
4.50 %)—Discontinued 2012 97–107
Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry Method (Ce: 0.003 % to 0.5 %; La: 0.001
% to 0.30 %) 237
Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry Method (Ce: 0.003 % to 0.5 %; La: 0.001
% to 0.30 %) 237–245
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %) 208
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and are the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013July 1, 2018. Published May 2013September 2018. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 as
E351 – 93E351 – 13. (Reapproved 2006). DOI: 10.1520/E0351-13.10.1520/E0351-18.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E351 − 18
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %) 208–217
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method
(0.006 % to 1.00 %) 218
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method (0.05
% to 30.0 %) 218–226
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05
% to 30.0 %)—Discontinued 1980 144–151
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—Potentiometric Titration Method (2.0 %
to 4.5 %) 53
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—Potentiometric Titration Method (2.0 %
to 4.5 %) 53–60
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to
4.50 %) 61
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to
4.50 %) 61–70
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.03 % to
7.5 %) 116
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.03 % to
7.5 %) 116–125
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric
Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %) 81
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric
Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %) 81–88
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Method (0.001 % to
0.15 %) 126
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.001 % to 0.15 %) 126–135
Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %) 71
Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002
% to 0.10 %) 71–80
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to
2.00 %) 8
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to
2.00 %) 9–18
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10
% to 3.5 %) 152
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10
% to 3.5 %) 152–159
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric
Method 257
Molybdenum by the
...