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ASTM E1488-08a

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods

Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
All ASTM test methods are required to include statements on precision and bias.  
Since ASTM began to require all test methods to have precision and bias statements that are based on interlaboratory test methods, there has been increased concern regarding what statistical experiments and procedures to use during the development of the test methods. Although there exists a wide range of statistical procedures, there is a small group of generally accepted techniques that are very beneficial to follow. This document is designed to provide a brief overview of these procedures and to suggest an appropriate sequence of carrying out these procedures.
Statistical procedures often result in interpretations that are not absolutes. Sometimes the information obtained may be inadequate or incomplete, which may lead to additional questions and the need for further experimentation. Information outside the data is also important in establishing standards and in the interpretation of numerical results.
FIG. 1 Sequence of Steps
SCOPE
1.1 This guide identifies statistical procedures for use in developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing test methods, or both.
1.2 This guide also cites statistical procedures especially useful in the application of test methods.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2008
ICS
07.020 - Mathematics
19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
Technical Committee
E11 - Quality and Statistics
Drafting Committee
E11.20 - Test Method Evaluation and Quality Control
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1488-08 - Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Replaced By
ASTM E1488-09 - Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
Effective Date
15-May-2009
Referred By
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Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM E1326-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Non-culture Microbiological Tests
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
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Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM F2394-07(2022) - Standard Guide for Measuring Securement of Balloon-Expandable Vascular Stent Mounted on Delivery System
Effective Date
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Effective Date
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ASTM D8272-19 - Standard Guide for Development and Optimization of D19 Chemical Analysis Methods Intended for EPA Compliance Reporting
Effective Date
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ASTM D8314-20 - Standard Guide for Performance Testing of Applied Stretch Films and Stretch Wrapping
Effective Date
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Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM E1325-21 - Standard Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM E456-13a(2022) - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM E177-20 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM E1169-21 - Standard Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D8288-19 - Standard Test Method for Comparison of Metalworking Fluids Using a Tapping Torque Test Machine
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:E1488–08a
Standard Guide for
Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying
1
Test Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 statistical procedures, n—the organized techniques
and methods used to collect, analyze, and interpret data.
1.1 This guide identifies statistical procedures for use in
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Statistical procedures include the sam-
developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing
plingconsiderationsortheexperimentdesignforthecollection
test methods, or both.
of data, or both, and the numerical and graphical approaches to
1.2 This guide also cites statistical procedures especially
summarize and analyze the collected data.
useful in the application of test methods.
3.2 For all other formal definitions of statistical terms, see
2. Referenced Documents Terminology E 456.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Significance and Use
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
4.1 All ASTM test methods are required to include state-
ASTM Test Methods
4
ments on precision and bias.
E 178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
4.2 Since ASTM began to require all test methods to have
E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
precision and bias statements that are based on interlaboratory
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
test methods, there has been increased concern regarding what
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
statistical experiments and procedures to use during the devel-
E 1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
opment of the test methods.Although there exists a wide range
E 2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
of statistical procedures, there is a small group of generally
E 2489 Practice for Statistical Analysis of One-Sample and
accepted techniques that are very beneficial to follow. This
Two-Sample Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing Programs
document is designed to provide a brief overview of these
E 2554 Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncer-
procedures and to suggest an appropriate sequence of carrying
tainty of Test Results of a Test Method in a Single
out these procedures.
Laboratory Using a Control Sample Program
4.3 Statistical procedures often result in interpretations that
E 2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical
are not absolutes. Sometimes the information obtained may be
Process Control
inadequate or incomplete, which may lead to additional ques-
2.2 ISO Standards:
tions and the need for further experimentation. Information
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of
3
outside the data is also important in establishing standards and
Testing and Calibration Laboratories
in the interpretation of numerical results.
ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measure-
3
ment
5. Summary of Guide
3. Terminology 5.1 Outlined below is a suggested sequence of four phases
useful in the development of a test method. A flowchart is
3.1 Definitions:
provided in Fig. 1. Such a sequence of analyses may need to be
modified in specific situations. The assistance of a qualified
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E11 on Quality and
statistician is recommended at each review phase.
Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.20 on Test Method
5.2 Design Phase:
Evaluation and Quality Control.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
5.2.1 This phase includes the formalization of the scope and
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E 1488 – 08.
the significance and use sections. It may include determining
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. See the Form and Style Manual for ASTM Standards that specifies, when
3
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., possible, precision statements shall be estimated based on the results of an
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. interlaboratory test program.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1488–08a
FIG. 1 Sequence of Steps
the purpose and describing a general approach to the test 5.4.3 Analysis of Variability—S
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E1488–08 Designation: E 1488 – 08a
Standard Guide for
Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying
1
Test Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide identifies statistical procedures for use in developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing test
methods, or both.
1.2 This guide also cites statistical procedures especially useful in the application of test methods.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E 178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E 1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
E 2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
E 2489 Practice for Statistical Analysis of One-Sample and Two-Sample Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing Programs
E 2554 Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncertainty of Test Results of a Test Method in a Single Laboratory Using
a Control Sample Program
E 2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical Process Control
2.2 ISO Standards:
3
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
3
ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 statistical procedures, n—the organized techniques and methods used to collect, analyze, and interpret data.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Statistical procedures include the sampling considerations or the experiment design for the collection of
data, or both, and the numerical and graphical approaches to summarize and analyze the collected data.
3.2 For all other formal definitions of statistical terms, see Terminology E 456.
4. Significance and Use
4
4.1 All ASTM test methods are required to include statements on precision and bias.
4.2 Since ASTM began to require all test methods to have precision and bias statements that are based on interlaboratory test
methods, there has been increased concern regarding what statistical experiments and procedures to use during the development
of the test methods. Although there exists a wide range of statistical procedures, there is a small group of generally accepted
techniques that are very beneficial to follow. This document is designed to provide a brief overview of these procedures and to
suggest an appropriate sequence of carrying out these procedures.
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE11onQualityandStatisticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE11.20onTestMethodEvaluation
and Quality Control.
Current edition approved May 15,Oct. 1, 2008. Published JulyOctober 2008. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 as
e1
E1488–02 .E 1488 – 08.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
See the Form and Style Manual forASTM Standards that specifies, when possible, precision statements shall be estimated based on the results of an interlaboratory test
program.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E 1488 – 08a
FIG. 1 Sequence of Steps
4.3 Statistical procedures often result in interpretations that are not absolutes. Sometimes the information obtained may be
inadequate or incomplete, which may lead to additional questions and the need for further experimentation. Information outside
the data is also important in establishing standards and in the interpretation of numerical results.
5. Summary of Guide
5.1 Outlined below is a suggested sequence of four phases useful in the development of a test method.Aflowchart
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of draindown in an uncompacted asphalt mixture sample when the sample is held at elevated temperatures comparable to those encountered during the production, storage, transport, and placement of the mixture. The test is particularly applicable to mixtures such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B472-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Billets and Bars for Reforging

ABSTRACT
This specification covers UNS N06002, UNS N06030, UNS N06035, UNS N06022, UNS N06200, UNS N06230, UNS N06600, UNS N06617, UNS N06625, UNS N08020, UNS N08026, UNS N08024, UNS N08120, UNS N08926, UNS N08367, UNS N10242, UNS N10276, UNS N10665, UNS N10675, UNS N12160, UNS R20033, UNS N06059, UNS N06686, UNS N10629, UNS N08031, UNS N06045, UNS N06025, and UNS R30556 nickel alloy billets and bars for reforging. The products shall be hot worked from ingots by rolling, forging, extruding, hammering, or pressing. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed by the reference material. The chemical composition of the material shall be determined by chemical analysis in accordance with test method E1473.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers UNS N06002, UNS N06030, UNS N06035, UNS N06022, UNS N06200, UNS N10362, UNS N06230, UNS N06600, UNS N06617, UNS N06625, UNS N08020, UNS N08026, UNS N08024, UNS N08120, UNS N08926, UNS N08367, UNS N10242, UNS N10276, UNS N10665, UNS N10675, UNS N12160, UNS R20033, UNS N06059, UNS N06686, UNS N10629, UNS N08031, UNS N06045, UNS N06025, UNS N06699, and UNS R305562 billets and bars for reforging.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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