ASTM F2230-02
(Guide)Standard Guide for In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice Conditions
Standard Guide for In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice Conditions
SCOPE
1.1 This guide addresses in-situ burning as a response tool for oil spills occurring on waters with ice present.
1.2 There are several methods of control or cleanup of spilled oil. In-situ burning, mechanical recovery, dispersant application or natural recovery are the usual options available.
1.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with general information on in-situ burning in ice conditions as a means of controlling and removing spilled oil. It is intended as a reference to plan an in-situ burn of spilled oil.
1.4 This guide outlines procedures and describes some equipment that can be used to accomplish an in-situ burn in ice conditions. The guide includes a description of typical ice situations where in-situ burning of oil has been found to be effective.
1.5 In making in-situ burn decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Section 8. Guide F 1788 addresses operational considerations.
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Designation:F2230–02
Standard Guide for
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In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2230; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 fire-resistant boom (FR)—boom designed to contain
burning oil.
1.1 This guide addresses in-situ burning as a response tool
3.1.5 fracture or lead—any break or rupture through very
for oil spills occurring on waters with ice present.
close pack ice, compact pack ice, fast ice or a single floe.
1.2 There are several methods of control or cleanup of
3.1.6 frazil or grease ice—icecrystalsformingonsurfaceof
spilled oil. In-situ burning, mechanical recovery, dispersant
water.
application or natural recovery are the usual options available.
3.1.7 fresh oil—oil recently spilled, remaining un-
1.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with
weathered and unemulsified.
general information on in-situ burning in ice conditions as a
3.1.8 ice coverage—a combination of ice pans, ice chunks,
means of controlling and removing spilled oil. It is intended as
bergy bits covering 10 % to near 100 % coverage of water
a reference to plan an in-situ burn of spilled oil.
surface, more accurately described using other terms in this
1.4 This guide outlines procedures and describes some
section such as close pack ice, open water, and so forth.
equipment that can be used to accomplish an in-situ burn in ice
3.1.9 in-situ-burning—burning of oil directly on the water
conditions. The guide includes a description of typical ice
surface.
situations where in-situ burning of oil has been found to be
3.1.10 melt pools—accumulations of melt water on the
effective.
surface of ice during thawing.
1.5 In making in-situ burn decisions, appropriate govern-
3.1.11 open drift ice—ice concentration of 4/10 to 6/10.
ment authorities should be consulted as required by law.
3.1.12 open water—less than 1/10 ice concentration.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.13 residue—the material, excluding airborne emissions,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
remaining after the oil stops burning.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.14 rotten ice—sea ice that has become honeycombed
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and is disintegrating.
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. Specific precau-
3.1.15 very close pack ice—pack ice with concentration of
tionary information is given in Section 8. Guide F 1788
9/10 to 10/10.
addresses operational considerations.
3.1.16 very open drift ice—ice concentration of 1/10 to
2. Referenced Documents
3/10.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Significance and Use
F 1788 Guide for Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Environ-
4.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional spill
mental and Operational Consideration
response teams during spill response planning and spill events.
3. Terminology
5. General Considerations for Making In-situ Burn
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Decisions
3.1.1 brash ice—floatingicefragmentslessthan2macross.
5.1 For marine spills of oil in ice conditions, in-situ burning
3.1.2 close pack ice—pack ice with concentration of 7/10 to
should be given equal consideration with other spill counter-
8/10.
measures and may be the best available technology for ice
3.1.3 fast ice—ice attached to the shoreline.
conditions.
5.2 The decision of whether or not to use in-situ burning in
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
a given spill situation is always one involving trade-offs, that
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
is, smoke plume and residue.
F20.15 on In-Situ Burning.
5.3 One of the limitations of recovery techniques for float-
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published February 2003.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or ing oil is effective containment of the slick. In-situ burning is
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
subject to this constraint as a minimum thickness of about 2
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
mm is required for ignition and sustained burning of the slick.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F2230–02
TABLE 1
Type of Waters Status of Oil Burnability
Marine Coastal Waters
Open water
...
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