ASTM F2230-14
(Guide)Standard Guide for In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice Conditions
Standard Guide for In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice Conditions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional spill response teams during spill response planning and spill events.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide addresses in-situ burning as a response tool for oil spills occurring on waters with ice present.
1.2 There are several methods of control or cleanup of spilled oil. In-situ burning, mechanical recovery, dispersant application or natural recovery are the usual options available.
1.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with general information on in-situ burning in ice conditions as a means of controlling and removing spilled oil. It is intended as a reference to plan an in-situ burn of spilled oil.
1.4 This guide outlines procedures and describes some equipment that can be used to accomplish an in-situ burn in ice conditions. The guide includes a description of typical ice situations where in-situ burning of oil has been found to be effective. Other standards address the general guidelines for the use of in-situ burning (Guide F1788), the use of ignition devices (Guide F1990), the use of fire-resistant boom (Guide F2152), the application of in-situ burning in ships (Guide F2533), and the use of in-situ burning in marshes (Guide F2823).
1.5 In making in-situ burn decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Section 8. Guide F1788 addresses operational considerations.
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Designation: F2230 − 14
Standard Guide for
1
In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2230; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide addresses in-situ burning as a response tool
F1788 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water:
for oil spills occurring on waters with ice present.
Environmental and Operational Considerations
1.2 There are several methods of control or cleanup of
F1990 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Ignition
spilled oil. In-situ burning, mechanical recovery, dispersant
Devices
application or natural recovery are the usual options available.
F2152 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Fire-
Resistant Boom
1.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with
F2533 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil in Ships or Other
general information on in-situ burning in ice conditions as a
Vessels
means of controlling and removing spilled oil. It is intended as
F2823 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills in Marshes
a reference to plan an in-situ burn of spilled oil.
3. Terminology
1.4 This guide outlines procedures and describes some
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
equipment that can be used to accomplish an in-situ burn in ice
3.1.1 brash ice—floating ice fragments less than 2 m across.
conditions. The guide includes a description of typical ice
situations where in-situ burning of oil has been found to be 3.1.2 close pack ice—pack ice with concentration of 7/10 to
8/10 (fraction of a whole).
effective.Otherstandardsaddressthegeneralguidelinesforthe
use of in-situ burning (Guide F1788), the use of ignition
3.1.3 fast ice—ice attached to the shoreline.
devices (Guide F1990), the use of fire-resistant boom (Guide
3.1.4 fire-resistant boom (FR)—boom designed to contain
F2152), the application of in-situ burning in ships (Guide
burning oil (Guide F2152).
F2533), and the use of in-situ burning in marshes (Guide
3.1.5 fracture or lead—any break or rupture through very
F2823).
close pack ice, compact pack ice, fast ice, or a single floe.
1.5 In making in-situ burn decisions, appropriate govern-
3.1.6 frazil or grease ice—icecrystalsformingonsurfaceof
ment authorities should be consulted as required by law.
water, ice, or melt pools.
3.1.7 fresh oil—oilrecentlyspilled,remainingun-weathered
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and un-emulsified.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 3.1.8 ice coverage—a combination of ice pans, ice chunks,
bergy bits covering 10 % to near 100 % coverage of water
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
surface, more accurately described using other terms in this
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
section such as close pack ice, open water, and so forth.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.9 in-situ-burning—burning of oil directly on the water
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
surface.
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. Specific precau-
3.1.10 melt pools—accumulations of melt water on the
tionary information is given in Section 8. Guide F1788
surface of ice during thawing.
addresses operational considerations.
3.1.11 open drift ice—ice concentration of 4/10 to 6/10.
3.1.12 open water—less than 1/10 ice concentration.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F20.15 on In-Situ Burning. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F2230 – 08. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2230-14. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2230 − 14
3.1.13 residue—the material, excluding airborne emissions, 5.4 In this guide, environments suitable for in-situ burning
remaining after the oil stops burning. will be discussed. The matrix in Table 1 is provided to assist
users of this guide.
3.1.14 rotten ice—sea ice that has become honeycombed
and is disintegrating.
5.5 Burning in an ice environmen
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2230 − 08 F2230 − 14
Standard Guide for
1
In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2230; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide addresses in-situ burning as a response tool for oil spills occurring on waters with ice present.
1.2 There are several methods of control or cleanup of spilled oil. In-situ burning, mechanical recovery, dispersant application
or natural recovery are the usual options available.
1.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with general information on in-situ burning in ice conditions as a means
of controlling and removing spilled oil. It is intended as a reference to plan an in-situ burn of spilled oil.
1.4 This guide outlines procedures and describes some equipment that can be used to accomplish an in-situ burn in ice
conditions. The guide includes a description of typical ice situations where in-situ burning of oil has been found to be effective.
Other standards address the general guidelines for the use of in-situ burning (Guide F1788), the use of ignition devices (Guide
F1990), the use of fire-resistant boom (Guide F2152), the application of in-situ burning in ships (Guide F2533), and the use of
in-situ burning in marshes (Guide F2823).
1.5 In making in-situ burn decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Section 8. Guide F1788 addresses operational
considerations.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1788 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Environmental and Operational Considerations
F1990 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Ignition Devices
F2152 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Fire-Resistant Boom
F2533 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil in Ships or Other Vessels
F2823 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills in Marshes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 brash ice—floating ice fragments less than 2 m across.
3.1.2 close pack ice—pack ice with concentration of 7/10 to 8/10 (fraction of a whole).
3.1.3 fast ice—ice attached to the shoreline.
3.1.4 fire-resistant boom (FR)—boom designed to contain burning oil.oil (Guide F2152).
3.1.5 fracture or lead—any break or rupture through very close pack ice, compact pack ice, fast ice, or a single floe.
3.1.6 frazil or grease ice—ice crystals forming on surface of water, ice, or melt pools.
3.1.7 fresh oil—oil recently spilled, remaining un-weathered and un-emulsified.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.15
on In-Situ Burning.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008Nov. 1, 2014. Published September 2008December 2014. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20022008
as F2230 – 02.F2230 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/F2230-08.10.1520/F2230-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2230 − 14
3.1.8 ice coverage—a combination of ice pans, ice chunks, bergy bits covering 10 % to near 100 % coverage of water surface,
more accurately described using other terms in this section such as close pack ice,open water, and so forth.
3.1.9 in-situ-burning—burning of oil directly on the water surface.
3.1.10 melt pools—accumulations of melt water on the surface of ice during thawing.
3.1.11 open drift ice—ice concentration of 4/10 to 6/10.
3.1.12 open water—less than 1/10 ice concen
...
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