ASTM D6178-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Estimation of Short-Term Inhalation Exposure to Volatile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
Standard Practice for Estimation of Short-Term Inhalation Exposure to Volatile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The objective of this practice is to provide procedures for estimation of human inhalation exposure to VOCs emitted from bedding sets in homes. The estimated inhalation exposure can be used as an input for characterization of health risks from short-term VOC exposures.
5.2 The results of exposure estimation for specific raw materials and components, or processes used in manufacturing different bedding sets, can be used to compare their relative impacts on exposures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for estimation of short-term human inhalation exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from bedding sets when a new bedding set is first brought into a bedroom.
1.2 The estimated exposure is based on an estimated emission profile of VOCs from bedding sets.
1.3 The VOC emission from bedding sets, as in the case of other household furnishings, usually are highest when the products are new. Procedures described in this practice are applicable to both new and used bedding sets.
1.4 Exposure to airborne VOC emissions in a residence is estimated for a household member, based on location and activity patterns.
1.5 The estimated exposure may be used for characterization of health risks that could result from short-term exposures to VOC emissions.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6178 − 19
Standard Practice for
Estimation of Short-Term Inhalation Exposure to Volatile
1
Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for estimation of
short-term human inhalation exposure to volatile organic D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
Atmospheres
compounds (VOCs) emitted from bedding sets when a new
bedding set is first brought into a bedroom. D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-
terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/
1.2 The estimated exposure is based on an estimated emis-
Products
sion profile of VOCs from bedding sets.
D5157 GuideforStatisticalEvaluationofIndoorAirQuality
1.3 The VOC emission from bedding sets, as in the case of
Models
other household furnishings, usually are highest when the
D6177 Practice for Determining Emission Profiles of Vola-
products are new. Procedures described in this practice are
tile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
applicable to both new and used bedding sets.
D6670 Practice for Full-Scale Chamber Determination of
Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/
1.4 Exposure to airborne VOC emissions in a residence is
Products
estimated for a household member, based on location and
activity patterns.
3. Terminology
1.5 The estimated exposure may be used for characteriza-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions and terms used in this
tion of health risks that could result from short-term exposures
practice, refer to Terminology D1356.
to VOC emissions.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.1 bedding set, n—an ensemble that includes a mattress
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
for sleeping and a supporting box spring.
standard.
3.2.2 emission profile, n—a time-series of emission rates of
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
one or more compounds.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.3 exposure scenario, n—a description of how and where
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- an estimated exposure occurs, including (1) the location and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. emission profile of the product or material that causes
exposure, (2) the indoor environment where the individual is
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- exposed to airborne emissions from the product or material,
and (3) the location and activity patterns of the exposed
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
individual.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.4 potential inhaled dose, n—the product of air concen-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tration to which an individual is exposed multiplied by the
breathing rate times duration of exposure.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
2
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6178 – 14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6178-19. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6178 − 19
3.2.4.1 Discussion—The potential inhaled dose is different 6.3 Modeling Approach:
from the dose actually absorbed by a target organ. 6.3.1 There are a several methods to model indoor air
concentrations. Multizone models, such as CONTAM (3) or
3.2.5 short-term exposure, n—an exposure of one week or
the Multi- Chamber Concentration and Exposure Model (MC-
less in duration.
CEM) (4), can be used to determine indoor air concentrations
4. Summary of Practice
or
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6178 − 14 D6178 − 19
Standard Practice for
Estimation of Short-termShort-Term Inhalation Exposure to
1
Volatile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice coversdescribes the procedures for estimation of short-term human inhalation exposure to volatile organic
chemicalscompounds (VOCs) emitted from bedding sets when a new bedding set is first brought into a house.bedroom.
1.2 The estimated exposure is based on an estimated emission profile of VOCs from bedding sets.
1.3 The VOC emission from bedding sets, as in the case of other household furnishings, usually are highest when the products
are new. Procedures described in this practice also are applicable to both new and used bedding sets.
1.4 Exposure to airborne VOC emissions in a residence is estimated for a household member, based on location and activity
patterns.
1.5 The estimated exposure may be used for characterization of health risks that could result from short-term exposures to VOC
emissions.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
D5157 Guide for Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Models
D6177 Practice for Determining Emission Profiles of Volatile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
D6670 Practice for Full-Scale Chamber Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions and terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D1356.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air change rate, n—the volume of outdoor air that enters the indoor environment in one hour, divided by the volume of
the indoor space.
3.2.1 bedding set, n—an ensemble that includes a mattress for sleeping and a supporting box spring.
3.2.2 emission profile, n—a time-series of emission rates of one or more compounds.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2014Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2014December 2019. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20082014
as D6178 – 97 (2008).D6178 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D6178-14.10.1520/D6178-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6178 − 19
3.2.3 exposure scenario, n—a description of how and where an estimated exposure occurs, including (1) the location and
emission profile of the product or material that causes exposure, (2) the indoor environment where the individual is exposed to
airborne emissions from the product or material, and (3) the location and activity patterns of the exposed individual.
3.2.4 potential inhaled dose, n—the product of air concentration to which an individual is exposed times multiplied by the
breathing rate times duration of exposure.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—
The potential inhaled dose is different from
...
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