ASTM D2500-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
For petroleum products and biodiesel fuels, cloud point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of their utility for certain applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers only petroleum products and biodiesel fuels that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness, and with a cloud point below 49°C.
Note 1—The interlaboratory program consisted of petroleum products of Test Method D 1500 color of 3.5 and lower. The precisions stated in this test method may not apply to samples with ASTM color higher than 3.5.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
British Standard 4458
Designation:D2500–09
Designation: 219/82
Standard Test Method for
1
Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 biodiesel, n—afuelcomprisedofmono-alkylestersof
long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal
1.1 This test method covers only petroleum products and
fats, designated B100.
biodiesel fuels that are transparent in layers 40 mm in
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Biodiesel is typically produced by a
thickness, and with a cloud point below 49°C.
reaction of vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol such as
NOTE 1—The interlaboratory program consisted of petroleum products
methanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to yield
ofTestMethodD1500colorof3.5andlower.Theprecisionsstatedinthis
mono-estersandglycerin.Thefueltypicallymaycontainupto
test method may not apply to samples withASTM color higher than 3.5.
14differenttypesoffattyacidsthatarechemicallytransformed
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.2 biodiesel blend, n—a blend of biodiesel fuel with
standard.
petroleum-based diesel fuel designated BXX, where XX is the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
volume % of biodiesel.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 cloud point, n—in petroleum products and biodiesel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fuels, the temperature of a liquid specimen when the smallest
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
observable cluster of hydrocarbon crystals first occurs upon
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
cooling under prescribed conditions.
statements, see Section 7.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—To many observers, the cluster of wax
crystals looks like a patch of whitish or milky cloud, hence the
2. Referenced Documents
nameofthetestmethod.Thecloudappearswhenthetempera-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ture of the specimen is low enough to cause wax crystals to
D1500 TestMethodforASTMColorofPetroleumProducts
form. For many specimens, the crystals first form at the lower
(ASTM Color Scale)
circumferential wall of the test jar where the temperature is
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
lowest.Thesizeandpositionofthecloudorclusteratthecloud
3
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
point varies depending on the nature of the specimen. Some
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
samples will form large, easily observable, clusters, while
others are barely perceptible.
3. Terminology
3.1.3.2 Discussion—Upon cooling to temperatures lower
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
than the cloud point, clusters of crystals will grow in multiple
directions; for example, around the lower circumference of the
testjar,towardsthecenterofthejar,orverticallyupwards.The
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
crystals can develop into a ring of cloud along the bottom
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
circumference,followedbyextensivecrystallizationacrossthe
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published April 2009. Originally
bottom of the test jar as temperature decreases. Nevertheless,
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2500–05. DOI:
the cloud point is defined as the temperature at which the
10.1520/D2500-09.
2
crystalsfirstappear,notwhenanentireringorfulllayerofwax
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
has been formed at the bottom of the test jar.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3.1.3.3 Discussion—In general, it is easier to detect the
the ASTM website.
3 cloud point of samples with large clusters that form quickly,
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk. suchasparaffinicsamples.Thecontrastbetweentheopacityof
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2500–09
the cluster and the liquid is also sharper. In additi
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D2500–05 Designation:D2500–09 British Standard 4458
Designation: 219/82
Standard Test Method for
1
Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers only petroleum products and biodiesel fuels that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness, and
with a cloud point below 49°C.
NOTE 1—TheinterlaboratoryprogramconsistedofpetroleumproductsofTestMethodD1500colorof3.5andlower.Theprecisionsstatedinthistest
method may not apply to samples with ASTM color higher than 3.5.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
Specifications for IP Standard ThermometersThermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 biodiesel, n—a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats,
designated B100.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Biodiesel is typically produced by a reaction of vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol such as
methanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to yield mono-esters and glycerin. The fuel typically may contain up to 14
different types of fatty acids that are chemically transformed into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).
3.1.2 biodiesel blend, n—a blend of biodiesel fuel with petroleum-based diesel fuel designated BXX, where XX is the volume
% of biodiesel.
3.1.3 cloud point, n— in petroleum products and biodiesel fuels, the temperature of a liquid specimen when the smallest
observable cluster of hydrocarbon crystals first occurs upon cooling under prescribed conditions.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Tomanyobservers,theclusterofwaxcrystalslookslikeapatchofwhitishormilkycloud,hencethename
ofthetestmethod.Thecloudappearswhenthetemperatureofthespecimenislowenoughtocausewaxcrystalstoform.Formany
specimens, the crystals first form at the lower circumferential wall of the test jar where the temperature is lowest. The size and
position of the cloud or cluster at the cloud point varies depending on the nature of the specimen. Some samples will form large,
easily observable, clusters, while others are barely perceptible.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on
Flow Properties.
´1
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2500–02 .
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published April 2009. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2500–05.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, England WIM 8AR.WIG 7AR, U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2500–09
3.1.3.2 Discussion—Upon cooling to temperatures lower than the cloud point, clusters of crystals will grow in multiple
directions; for example, around the lower circumference of the test jar, towards the center of the jar, or vertically upwards. The
crystals can develop into a ring of cloud along the bottom circumference, followe
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.