ASTM D5628-10

Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimens by Means of a Falling Dart (Tup or Falling Mass)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Plastics are viscoelastic and therefore are likely to be sensitive to changes in velocity of the mass falling on their surfaces. However, the velocity of a free-falling object is a function of the square root of the drop height. A change of a factor of two in the drop height will cause a change of only 1.4 in velocity. Hagan et al (2) found that the mean-failure energy of sheeting was constant at drop heights between 0.30 and 1.4 m. This suggests that a constant mass-variable height method will give the same results as the constant height-variable mass technique. On the other hand, different materials respond differently to changes in the velocity of impact. Equivalence of these methods should not be taken for granted. While both constant-mass and constant-height techniques are permitted by these methods, the constant-height method should be used for those materials that are found to be rate-sensitive in the range of velocities encountered in falling-weight types of impact tests.
The test geometry FA causes a moderate level of stress concentration and can be used for most plastics.
Geometry FB causes a greater stress concentration and results in failure of tough or thick specimens that do not fail with Geometry FA (3). This approach can produce a punch shear failure on thick sheet. If that type of failure is undesirable, Geometry FC should be used. Geometry FB is suitable for research and development because of the smaller test area required.
The conical configuration of the 12.7-mm diameter tup used in Geometry FB minimizes problems with tup penetration and sticking in failed specimens of some ductile materials.
The test conditions of Geometry FC are the same as those of Test Method A of Test Method D1709. They have been used in specifications for extruded sheeting. A limitation of this geometry is that considerable material is required.
The test conditions of Geometry FD are the same as for Test Method D3763.
The test conditions of Geometry FE are the ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the threshold value of impact-failure energy required to crack or break flat, rigid plastic specimens under various specified conditions of impact of a free-falling dart (tup), based on testing many specimens.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.  
Note 1—This test method and ISO 6603-1 are technically equivalent only when the test conditions and specimen geometry required for Geometry FE and the Bruceton Staircase method of calculation are used.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2010
• ICS: 83.140.10 - Films and sheets
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5628-07 - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimens by Means of a Falling Dart (Tup or Falling Mass)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D5420-21 - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight (Gardner Impact)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D8161-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Materials over a Highway Substrate by Means of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5628 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimens by
1
Means of a Falling Dart (Tup or Falling Mass)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5628; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D5947Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
Plastics Specimens
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thresh-
D6779Classification System for and Basis of Specification
old value of impact-failure energy required to crack or break
for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)
flat, rigid plastic specimens under various specified conditions
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
of impact of a free-falling dart (tup), based on testing many
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
specimens.
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ISO 291Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and Test-
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
ing
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISO 6603-1Plastics—Determination of Multiaxial Impact
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Behavior of Rigid Plastics—Part 1: Falling Dart Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
3.1 Definitions:
statements are given in Section 8.
3.1.1 For definitions of plastic terms used in this test
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 6603-1 are technically equivalent
method, see Terminologies D883 and D1600.
only when the test conditions and specimen geometry required for
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Geometry FE and the Bruceton Staircase method of calculation are used.
3.2.1 failure (of test specimen)—the presence of any crack
2. Referenced Documents or split, created by the impact of the falling tup, that can be
2
seen by the naked eye under normal laboratory lighting
2.1 ASTM Standards:
conditions.
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics 3.2.2 mean-failure energy (mean-impact resistance)—the
energy required to produce 50% failures, equal to the product
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
tics of the constant drop height and the mean-failure mass, or, to
the product of the constant mass and the mean-failure height.
D1709Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
by the Free-Falling Dart Method
3.2.3 mean-failure height (impact-failure height)—the
D2444Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-
height at which a standard mass, when dropped on test
tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a
specimens, will cause 50% failures.
Tup (Falling Weight)
NOTE 2—Cracks usually start at the surface opposite the one that is
D3763Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of
struck. Occasionally incipient cracking in glass-reinforced products, for
Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors
example, is difficult to differentiate from the reinforcing fibers. In such
D4000Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
cases, a penetrating dye can confirm the onset of crack formation.
als
3.2.4 mean-failure mass (impact-failure mass)—the mass of
the dart (tup) that, when dropped on the test specimens from a
1 standard height, will cause 50% failures.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
3.2.5 tup—a dart with a hemispherical nose. See 7.2 and
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved
Fig. 1.
in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5628-07. DOI: 10.1520/
D5628-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
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D5628 − 10
Dimensions of Conical Dart (Not to scale.)—Fig. 1(b)
NOTE 1—Unless specified, the tolerance on all dimensions shall be 62%.
Position Dimension, mm Dimension, in.
A 27.
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5628–07 Designation: D5628 – 10
Standard Test Method for
Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimens by
1
Means of a Falling Dart (Tup or Falling Mass)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5628; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the threshold value of impact-failure energy required to crack or break flat,
rigid plastic specimens under various specified conditions of impact of a free-falling dart (tup), based on testing many specimens.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.
NOTE 1—ThistestmethodandISO6603-1aretechnicallyequivalentonlywhenthetestconditionsandspecimengeometryrequiredforGeometryFE
and the Bruceton Staircase method of calculation are used.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method
D2444 TestMethodforDeterminationoftheImpactResistanceofThermoplasticPipeandFittingsbyMeansofaTup(Falling
Weight)
D3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
D6779 Classification System for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 291 Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing
ISO 6603-1 Plastics—Determination of Multiaxial Impact Behavior of Rigid Plastics—Part 1: Falling Dart Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of plastic terms used in this test method, see Terminologies D883 and D1600.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 failure (of test specimen)—the presence of any crack or split, created by the impact of the falling tup, that can be seen
by the naked eye under normal laboratory lighting conditions.
3.2.2 mean-failure energy (mean-impact resistance)—the energy required to produce 50% failures, equal to the product of the
constant drop height and the mean-failure mass, or, to the product of the constant mass and the mean-failure height.
3.2.3 mean-failure height (impact-failure height)—the height at which a standard mass, when dropped on test specimens, will
cause 50% failures.
NOTE 2—Cracks usually start at the surface opposite the one that is struck. Occasionally incipient cracking in glass-reinforced products, for example,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved MarchJuly 1, 2007.2010. Published March 2007.July 2010. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20062007 as
D5628-067. DOI: 10.1520/D5628-107.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5628 – 10
is difficult to differentiate from the reinforcing fibers. In such cases, a penetrating dye can confirm the onset of crack formation.
3.2.4 mean-failure mass (impact-failure mass)—the mass of the dart (tup) that, when dropped on the test specimens from a
s
...