ASTM D4635-16
(Specification)Standard Specification for Plastic Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
Standard Specification for Plastic Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
ABSTRACT
This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported, low-density polyethylene films (hereafter referred to as film or films) for general use and packaging applications. It is applicable to films made from polyethylene copolymers, and also applicable to films made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers, including ethylene/vinylacetate copolymers. The low-density polyethylene film shall be classified by Types 1, 2, and 3; Surfaces 1, 2, and 3; Classes 1, 2, 3, and 4; and Finishes 1, 2, 3, and 4. The film shall be made from an ethylene homopolymer, ethylene copolymers, or blends of homopolymers or copolymers, or homopolymer and copolymer, so that it meets the density and other film requirements specified. Tests shall be performed to conform to the specified properties of the material in accordance with the following test methods: conditioning; test conditions; thickness; yield; flatness; density; coefficient of friction; clarity; haze; wetting tension; impact resistance; tensile properties; heat sealability; and odor.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported, low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene films (hereafter referred to as film or films) with densities ranging from 0.910-0.925 g/cm3 per Specification D4976.
Note 1: The density of a film will not necessarily be equal to the density of a molded plaque from the same resin.
Note 2: Blends of ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) with low-density polyethylene may have densities up to 0.929 g/cm3.
1.2 This specification is applicable to homopolymer polyethylene, but is not restricted to it. It is applicable to films made from polyethylene copolymers, and also applicable to films made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers, including ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers.
1.3 The thickness of the films covered by this specification is 101.6 μm or less (0.004 in. or less), inclusive. The maximum width of the sheet or layflat is 3.30 m (130 in.).
1.4 This specification does not cover oriented heat-shrinkable films.
1.5 This specification allows for the use of recycled polyethylene film or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as long as all of the requirements of this specification are met and as long as any specific requirements as governed by the producer and end user are also met. (See Note 3.)
Note 3: Guide D7209 describes terminology and definitions related to recycled plastics.
1.6 This specification defines the levels of the various physical properties from which specifications for specific films may be described. The levels of physical properties required by a film for a given application are selected from Section 6. However, Sections 2 – 5 relating to tolerances shall apply without change to all film falling within the scope indicated by the title and 1.1 – 1.4.
1.7 This specification covers dimensional tolerances, classifications, intrinsic quality requirements, and test methods. The dimensional tolerances include thickness, width, and length or yield. Classification defines types, classes, surfaces, and finishes. The intrinsic quality requirements include density, workmanship, tensile strength, heat sealability, and odor, as well as the classification properties for impact strength, coefficient of friction, optical properties, and surface treatment. A sampling method is included.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 4: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D4635 −16
Standard Specification for
Plastic Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene and
Linear Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and
1
Packaging Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4635; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 This specification covers dimensional tolerances,
classifications,intrinsicqualityrequirements,andtestmethods.
1.1 This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported,
The dimensional tolerances include thickness, width, and
low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene
length or yield. Classification defines types, classes, surfaces,
films (hereafter referred to as film or films) with densities
3 andfinishes.Theintrinsicqualityrequirementsincludedensity,
ranging from 0.910-0.925 g/cm per Specification D4976.
workmanship, tensile strength, heat sealability, and odor, as
NOTE 1—The density of a film will not necessarily be equal to the
well as the classification properties for impact strength, coef-
density of a molded plaque from the same resin.
ficient of friction, optical properties, and surface treatment. A
NOTE 2—Blends of ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) with low-density
3
sampling method is included.
polyethylene may have densities up to 0.929 g/cm .
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
1.2 This specification is applicable to homopolymer
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
polyethylene, but is not restricted to it. It is applicable to films
only.
made from polyethylene copolymers, and also applicable to
films made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers,
1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
including ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers.
test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
1.3 The thickness of the films covered by this specification
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
is 101.6 µm or less (0.004 in. or less), inclusive.The maximum
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
width of the sheet or layflat is 3.30 m (130 in.).
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
1.4 This specification does not cover oriented heat-
tions prior to use.
shrinkable films.
NOTE 4—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This specification allows for the use of recycled poly-
ethylene film or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as long
2. Referenced Documents
as all of the requirements of this specification are met and as
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
long as any specific requirements as governed by the producer
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
and end user are also met. (See Note 3.)
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
NOTE 3—Guide D7209 describes terminology and definitions related to
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
recycled plastics.
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
1.6 This specification defines the levels of the various
Sheeting
physical properties from which specifications for specific films
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
maybedescribed.Thelevelsofphysicalpropertiesrequiredby
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
a film for a given application are selected from Section 6.
of Transparent Plastics
However, Sections 2–5 relating to tolerances shall apply
D1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
without change to all film falling within the scope indicated by
by Extrusion Plastometer
the title and 1.1 – 1.4.
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
Gradient Technique
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting,
2
and Molded Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4635 - 08a. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4635-16. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United St
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4635 − 08a D4635 − 16
Standard Specification for
PolyethylenePlastic Films Made from Low-Density
Polyethylene and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene for
1
General Use and Packaging Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4635; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported, low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene films
3
(hereafter referred to as film or films) from Class 1with densities ranging from 0.910-0.925 g/cm polyethylenes per Specification
D4976.
NOTE 1—The density of a film will not necessarily be equal to the density of a molded plaque from the same resin.
3
NOTE 2—Blends of ethylene/vinylacetate ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) with low-density polyethylene may have densities up to 0.929 g/cm .
1.2 This specification is applicable to homopolymer polyethylene, but is not restricted to it. It is applicable to films made from
polyethylene copolymers, and also applicable to films made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers, including
ethylene/vinylacetate ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers.
1.3 The thickness of the films covered by this specification is 100101.6 μm or less (0.004 in. or less), inclusive. The maximum
width of the sheet or layflat is 3.003.30 m (120(130 in.).
1.4 This specification does not cover oriented heat-shrinkable films.
1.5 This specification allows for the use of recycled polyethylene film or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as long as all
of the requirements of this specification are met and as long as any specific requirements as governed by the producer and end user
are also met. (See Note 3.)
NOTE 3—Guide D7209 describes terminology and definitions related to recycled plastics.
1.6 This specification defines the levels of the various physical properties from which specifications for specific films may be
described. The levels of physical properties required by a film for a given application are selected from Section 6. However,
Sections 2 – 5 relating to tolerances shall apply without change to all film falling within the scope indicated by the title and 1.1
– 1.4.
1.7 This specification covers dimensional tolerances, classifications, intrinsic quality requirements, and test methods. The
dimensional tolerances include thickness, width, and length or yield. Classification defines types, classes, surfaces, and finishes.
The intrinsic quality requirements include density, workmanship, tensile strength, heat sealability, and odor, as well as the
classification properties for impact strength, coefficient of friction, optical properties, and surface treatment. A sampling method
is included.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification:This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 4—There is no similar or equivalent ISO specification.known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and Molded
Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008April 1, 2016. Published November 2008April 2016. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
D4635 - 08.D4635 - 08a. DOI: 10.1520/D4635-08A.10.1520/D4635-16.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4635 − 16
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent
...
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